Water Resources of Russia

Kuenzanisa nhamba dzehuwandu hwekudonhorera munyika yedu uye munyika semunyika yose zvinoratidza kuti tine mvura uye chando chenguva shoma uye simba rayo rakaderera kupfuura mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda dzenyika. Kunyange zvakadaro, pasinei neizvi, mvura inoshandiswa yeRussia maererano nehuwandu hwavo ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzokutanga munyika. Izvi zvinofanirwa, kutanga kwezvose, kuti nyika yedu ine nzvimbo huru, iyo iyo isiri pasi pegumi nemashanu kubva muzana yepasi rose pasi pano. Mvura midzi yeRussia ndeyokutanga, nzizi dzakawanda dzinopfuura nharaunda yenyika, uyewo pasi pemvura pasi pevhu, kwete mashoma emvura uye glaciers.

Kuparadzirwa kwemvura kunokonzerwa nemamiriro ekunze

Nyika yedu inosanganisira nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemamiriro ekunze, umo kuwandisa kwemvura kunowira gore kunogona kuve kwakasiyana zvikuru. Nzvimbo dzine unyoro hwakawanda dzinowanikwa munzvimbo yekuchamhembe. Ikoko, nzvimbo yekunaya inosvika 700 mm pagore, iyo inopfuuridza zvakasikwa kuwanda kwehupenyu hwehupenyu hwemhepo inobva mumvura. Zvizhinji zvezvi nzvimbo zvinoda mvura yekudzivirira. Nzvimbo dzine unyoro hwakakwana huri pakati pehuwandu hwekugadzirisa uye kubuda kwekunaya. Izvi zvinenge 500 kusvika 500 mm gore rose. Nzvimbo dzakadaro dzinowanzotarirwa nemasango nemaoko.

Nzvimbo dzine mhepo isina kusimba, kune rumwe rutivi, inogamuchira mvura shoma shoma kuti ipe mukana wepamusoro wehuputi hwekunyuka kubva kune ivhu. Chaizvoizvo iyo iri kumaodzanyemba kwenyika. Nhamba yemvura inonaya pano iri kubva pa300 kusvika 500 mm gore. Panguva imwecheteyo, nzvimbo dzisina kugadzikana hydration munyika yedu dzakagadzikana zvakanyanya uye dzakapfuura dzimwe. Zvinosuruvarisa, nzvimbo dzakawanda dzakakosha zvekurima dziri munzvimbo dzakadaro. Saka, inoda kudirirwa.

Pamusoro pemvura midziyo yeRussia

Munyika yedu, nzizi dzakagara dzichiita basa guru. Munguva yakapfuura, yaive kubva munzvimbo yavo kuti kugadzirisa kwevanhu nekutengeserana kwairemekedzwa zvikuru. Munyika yose yeRussia inosangana nheyo yakawanda yehova, iyo inenge makumi mapfumbamwe nemazana ane urefu hwemakiromita gumi. Munharaunda yevakawanda vavo, matatu emadziro ematombo akaumbwa akaumbwa, mamwe acho anogara munzvimbo dzakawanda kupfuura makungwa makuru.

Marshes inokosha chete chinhu, kunze kwekuti rusvingo rwemvura yeRussia runenge rwuri murombo. Iko kune nzvimbo dzine hunyoro hwakanyanya uye inopisa, iyo inogona kutora kusvika hafu yenharaunda yose (Western Siberia). Nharaunda dzema Marsh rudzi rwehutu hwemhepo hunyoro. Mukuwedzera, ivo vanoita basa guru mukugadzirisa kwehutongi hwemhepo uye masimba emamiriro ekunze, uyewo ndizvo zvinowanzoita peat. Mazhinji emakumbo makuru ikozvino akachengetedzwa.

Chimwe chinhu chinokosha chinoita chikamu chemvura yemvura yenyika yedu ndiro gungwa. Munharaunda yose yeRussia vanoparadzirwa kupfuura mamiriyoni maviri. Basa remakungwa haigoni kuve nekufungidzirwa, sezvo rine zvinopfuura hafu yemvura yakachena yatinayo. Iyo yakakura pane yamakungwa ndeyeBaikal: ine 95 muzana yemvura yose. Zvadaro tevera Onega, Ladoga Lake, Ilmen naTaimyr.

Chikamu chechina chezvinyorwa zvose zvitsva mumvura zvinonzi glaciers.

Mvura iri pasi peRussia

Asi mvura inoshandiswa haisati iri pamba chete. Kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemvura, pakati payo iyo inokosha inowanikwa nevaya vari pasi penyika. Ichi ndicho chakasiyana-siyana chepfuma yeRussia, yakachengetedzwa kubva pakasvibiswa nekuda kwaro. Pakati pemvura iri pasi pevhu kunewo mishonga inorapa inoshandiswa semugumisiro wezvakawanda zvezvikamu uye mineral salts mavari. Pakazara, vanopfuura 300 vavo vanozivikanwa munharaunda yenyika yedu. Vazhinji vavo vari munzvimbo yeEurope.

Mukuwedzera, nharaunda yenyika yedu yakashambidzwa nemvura yemakungwa 12. Pakati pavo, Barents neJapan ndivo vanokosha zvikuru mune zvekutengeserana. Zvimwe zvinowanzoshandiswa sekunakidzwa kwenharaunda uye yekufambisa kune dzimwe nyika. Irofu regungwa reAtlantic rinogona kunge rine mafuta uye gasi minda.