Wechsler anoedza vana uye vakuru: dudziro. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale: vana version (nokuti vanoenda kukireshi)

Nice kutaura murume akachenjera uyo anogona kutsigira chero nyaya, panguva kuita sedambe kwakakomba. vanhu vakadaro vanoti vane dzakakwirira azvipire njere. Chii ichi pfungwa uye chii ayo mumatunhu vari?

IQ - chii?

Intelligence inozivikanwa se imwe unhu hwomunhu psyche, iyo inoita kuti ajairane kuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu muupenyu. Rinotaurawo iri kukwanisa kudzidza chinhu chitsva, kunzwisisa, uye kushandisa ruzivo rwavo uye zvakaitika. Level yenjere - zviri mumwe reshiyo, akaratidza kuva quantitative tinyatsonzwisisa munhu anokwanisa kuchinjira kumamiriro matsva nderemagariro.

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

Kutsunga padanho njere kugara nyanzvi dzakawanda, asi kunyanya zvakakurumbira achangopfuura makore rapanzvimbo Wechsler. Kunotangwa muna 1939, hunobvumira kuti havatsananguri zvebasa vakangwara zvinhu mwana uye mukuru ari zvinobva matatu makore makumi manomwe nemana. Wechsler miedzo dzinobva munhu hierarchical muenzaniso zvedzidzo, chakaderedzwa mutengo izvo zviri vanotukwa uye rinoshanda (non-kungonyaradza) njere.

Nhoroondo panowanikwa nzira dzekuziva kuti kusarudza retardation mupfungwa pabvunzo

Muna 1939 akazviratidza wokutanga shanduro chikero - Bellevue, apo "Bellevue" - zita kiriniki. Wexler zvinganaka nemiedzo akagadzirirwa rokuongorora pfungwa nemano vanhu kubva pamakore manomwe kusvika pamakore 69 ekuberekwa. D. Wexler akatsoropodza kushanda panguva miedzo, chikuru chaiva muedzo Stanford-Binet. Aiona kuti kukodzera kuti zvidzidzo zviri muboka vakura vanhu, sezvo vane mukuru-nokukurumidza nezvechii, iyo kwakaoma vakwegura. Uyewo pane bvunzo yaipinda yakasarira akavhiyiwa zvainanga yakawanda vana zera.

mamiriro ayo

A maitiro kuchiitwa ichi nzira yokuedzwa kukwanisa kufukidza huru-siyana vemazera, vachaparadzanisa Wechsler bvunzo - vana shanduro, iyo inopa tsananguro zvakananga pamusoro vakangwara potentialities mwana uye kuziva mifananidzo kukura njere. Uyezve, migumisiro vakawana muna yokuedzwa akanyorwa vanachiremba vepfungwa kuti zvakakodzera kuongorora chirwere.

Ndezvipi okunatsiridza nzira iyi?

Wexler akaita mubatanidzwa subtests pamusoro kugutsikana uye pamwero yakaoma. A IQ kwepfungwa redirected kuti zera.

WB (Wechsler-Bellevue Adult Intelligence Scales) - asi, akanga pakafunuka njere kuti vakuru. Akanga pasi kaviri Akave nokuvandudza. Somugumisiro, muna 1949, takaona chiedza Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale WAIS, kureva Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. It akatogadzwa kwezvipimo nzira, iyo kuparadzirwa maererano chechikadzi uye zera. Izvi, 1700 vakanga kuongororwa makore 16 kusvika makore 64, uye 475 - 60 makore uye pamusoro. The Standardization inorangarira kwete chete zera, asiwo nyanzvi chinzvimbo uye dzidzo. Vose Range rakagadzirirwa zvakawanda gumi kusvika makore makumi matanhatu. Main dzekuziva subtests - ndiko:

• yakakwirira kuwirirana chezvinonhuwira nevamwe miedzo;
• kusiyana functionality, iyo hakubvisi mugumisiro zvimwe unyanzvi chaizvo kana kusava pavo;
• mukana zvimwe ndezvipi maererano nemigumisiro yokuedzwa.

Nhasi, kune mhando nhatu Diagnostics: WAIS bvunzo (vakuru kubva 16 kusvika 64 years), WISC (vana uye kuyaruka makore 6,5-16,5) uye WPPSI (vana makore 4-6.5). Nokuti kwadzakabva yeRussian Federation akapfuura maviri okutanga chete: WAIS uye WISC.

zvinogumbura bvunzo

In nzira iyi zvinosanganisira zvinogumbura maviri:

• kutukana rinoumbwa 6 subtests;
• nezvaunomuitira - 5 subtests.

In wokutanga chinogumbura akaongorora kunopindirana kugona (ruzivo) uptake (kunzwisisa), svomhu, kufanana (Kufanana) achidzokorora duramazwi digits. A non-kutukana akataura tsvakurudzo mumunda zvisipo zvikamu, ari anotevedzana mifananidzo, kushandisa cubes cheKosi, akapeta chimiro, shandisa encryption. mabasa All akarongwa kuitira kuwedzera kunzwisisa kubva pamwero kusvika pamwero. Pakazosvika nguva yokuedza anotora awa imwe wadhi, uye mumwe - nokuti kubudiswa nemigumisiro. Paaiita kufungawo zera muchikwata, sezvo pane yoga bvunzo Wechsler - vana shanduro, uye ari oga - nevakura.

Chii chiri kufungwa iri migumisiro bvunzo?

Kuti muchidimbu migumisiro wakakodzera nhanho matatu kubudiswa uye nokududzira zvabuda. First pamwero - kuongorora yose inowanwa mavanga, kutukana uye nezvaunomuitira njere. Wechipiri - kudzidzwa zvabuda kubva kukarukureta pamusoro mwero wakakodzera, nokukosha Profile of akapedza mabasa. Danho rechitatu ndiko kududzirwa wacho Profile pamwe wadhi maitiro munguva kuongorora, uye vamwe chirwere mashoko. Saizvozvowo akaitira Wechsler mukuru muedzo vanoenda kukireshi, ongorora migumisiro mabasa.

Uchishandisa klassiske shanduro kubudisa mugumisiro, nyanzvi anoti yokutanga "nyoro" tinyatsonzwisisa chidzidzo chimwe nechimwe. Ipapo muchidimbu zvinofungidzirwa kubva pamatafura kuti anoenderana mirayiridzo, izvozvo anoshandura kupinda mureza uye anoratidza profile. Kutukana uye non-nomuromo wayo anofanira akapeta yoga uye kuona parameters, yakavakirwa vakawanda IQ pamatafura.

Description of Wechsler anorwisa unyanzvi

Nzira zvinosanganisira kutukana uye vasiri kutaura akamboona. Boka rokutanga unosanganisira zviratidzo zvakadai:

1. Scale mukuru kuziva mubvunzo ine mabasa 29 kuti zvinoda kupindurwa. Ndiyo chirwere kubva padanho zivo nyore, pasina yokungotaura dzidzo chaiyo. Ndizvozvo - imwe nguva, mhinduro zvakaipa haana kuiswawo.

2. Scale njere rine 14 mabasa kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro mutoro kudzidza mashoko uye pfungwa. Zvinofungidzirwa padanho yakarurama - kubva razero vaviri points.

3. svomhu ine 14 mabasa kubva weboka svomhu sainzi zvepakutanga dzidzo. Oral bvunzo, apo nyanzvi kutarisirwa kunokosha, riri kuitisa ongororo. Iye anotarira kudekara anodawo Data uye nguva penguva.

4. Tsvaga kufanana zvinhu - 13 mabasa kuziva mukuru Mapato zvinhu. Chikamu ichi zvakakosha conceptuality. Zvinofungidzirwa kubvira razero maviri.

5. Rangarirai digits - dzinoti 3-9 digits (Teerera uye nomuromo kudzokorora) uye 2-8 digits, izvo bereka nekwekupedzesera.

6. Mutauro rinoumbwa pfungwa 42. Muchidzidzo ichi nemashoko ruzivo, ivo Conceptual, zvinovaka. Mashoko Gumi muchikamu chino yakatorwa kubva mutauro nezuva yokukurukurirana, maviri - vane neavhareji pamwero kunzwisisa, 12 vavo - chaihwoihwo uye yokungotaura pfungwa. Inofungidzirwa kupesvedzera kubva razero maviri chete kuita.

Wechsler akura bvunzo - shanduro nezvaunomuitira njere kupima. Zvinosanganisira 5 nhanho:

1. Character Data (encryption) - 100 digits kwemaminitsi 1.5.
2. Top Graphics - chidimbu 21 (maminitsi 20).
3. Hexahedron Cossa (40 cubes) - kuunganidzwa mufanidzo zvinogumbura.
4. Kusachinja-chinja - 8 akatevedzana nemakadhi.
5. Collection zvinhu kubva nenhamba - 4 mabasa.

Ongorora mugumisiro yenjere pamusoro nzira iyi, sezvo Wechsler bvunzo vana, izvozvo zvinoenderana mukuru tsika mwana uye akaumba ake waivako chikoro. Kunobudirira kuurayiwa mabasa chokuita pachiyero vakawanda IQ, asi nemaonero genetics. Kubva ichi zvinoreva kuti mwero pakuunganidza unyanzvi vanotukwa uye ruzivo achasarudza kubudirira kwayo uye pamwero dzidzo.

Tsanangudzo zvabuda

The dzinonakidza kupfuura pfungwa chero bvunzo ndiyo Decryption zvabuda. Izvi zvinoshanda nzira dzose, nokuti munhu anofarira kuziva nei apedza nguva zvakawanda uye kuti zviri mukati Kuumbwa kwechokwadi kwaiva yasarudzwa nyaya.

Wechsler njere bvunzo kunosanganisirawo imwe gradation zvabuda. Zvinoita kukura kwepfungwa vari munyaya inotevera neeSultan:

• Kupfuura refu IQ - zvibodzwa 130.
• High - 120-129.
• Good - 110-119.
• Middle - 90-109.
• Bad - 80-89.
• Muganhu mapazi - 70-79.
• Low (mupfungwa vanotaura) - kusvika 69.

Features chevana shanduro bvunzo

chirwere chikero chikoro-zera vana (makore 6,5-16,5) nokuti kunosanganisira gumi subtests akakodzera kuti WAIS, asi pakatanga vakareruka uye ndangofanana mhando mabasa uye subtests "labyrinth".

Wechsler miedzo nokuti vanoenda kukireshi zvakasiyana pakuti "kunzwisisa" kuchatsiviwa "kuyeuka nhamba" uye "Labyrinth" - mu "Coding". Munguva kuedza, kutukana uye nezvaunomuitira zvikamu chinjana kuti mwana anogona nezvairehwa nyore basa, uye muzviite. Kuverenga IQ mamwe ongororo regai kurangarira.

Subtest "Labyrinth" chinosanganisira mabasa kuti zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera kuoma kuuraya. Nokuti ichi rinopa vamwe nguva (tione), ipapo akaverenga kukanganisa.

Muna 1967 akaona chiedza WPPSI shanduro, zvinosanganisira 11 Sub-miedzo, mumwe icho - munhu chikamu. Vasere vacho lightweight uye ndave dzakashandisa WISC, uye vamwe vatatu - zvachose itsva. Diagnosing maererano nzira iyi inogona kuitwa mumatanho maviri.

Nomuromo chikwata hunosanganisira: kugona, mashoko, svomhu kugona, wakafanana, ruzivo uye kudiwa.

In bvunzo iyi pakafunuka okunatsiridza ndiwo: ive imba mhuka, pamusoro Graphics, labyrinths, geometric vematunhu kutigumbura kuvaka - hexahedron Kossa.

"Vaitaura" chikatsiviwa "nomusoro vatambi" iri mufurati ichi, izvo akatorwa WISC, ivo kana kutsiva chero rakaita bvunzo, kana kushandiswa iri yoga.

Subtest "imba dzinovaraidza" chinobviswa pachinzvimbo "encryption" pamusoro WISC uye rine makadhi ane mufananidzo wembwa, huku, hove uye nekatsi. Mwana anoisa dzimba maererano kiyi.

mamiriro ayo

Kana njere yezvinoreva chidzidzo kwacho kunovhenekwa vana vanotanga chete pashure kukurudzira yacho wadhi. Zvino chete vana Wechsler bvunzo zvinoratidza migumisiro chaiyo. Zvakakosha kuedza kumisa mwana akanaka, vachishandisa kunyemwerera uye kutanga mafungire akanaka.

A mwana haafaniri kunzwa sokuti pabvunzo. Pamusuo tichizviedza anofanira kuva munhu tamba nzira. Mibvunzo akagadzira zvakajeka uye yakarurama emashoko. mhinduro All, kunze sezvo zvakajeka kunaka, dzinofanira kukurudzirwa. Kundikana Mhinduro Sechipanji, uye vanyerere, mwana nyanzvi anofanira kumukurudzira kuti vazvidavirire. By rinotevera basa asingadi kuenda kusvikira isu tiwane mhinduro yapfuura mumwe. Apo kuzvipokanidza zvakakodzera kusarudza zvakarurama vaitungamirira mibvunzo "sei?". Mibvunzo yokuwedzera pane iyi vari sabatsira, sezvo vanoisa vana mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma.

Possible uye pfungwa iyi, kana mumwe mwana anoita basa zvisiri. Ipapo kuidzwa wepfungwa anofanira sokuti sokunge akanga asina vakacherechedza izvozvo, uye kupa mwana wako kuita anoyera mhinduro yemubvunzo unotevera. Mushure kubudirira inotevera bvunzo yacho wacho anoratidza kudzokera yapfuura mubvunzo.

Approach vechiduku pasi makore 16, apo ivo rasai bvunzo mwana Wechsler mukuru iri zvachose kufanana, zvidiki zvinhu zera.

Dudziro non-kutukana zviratidzi vana kuti shanduro bvunzo

IQ (Wechsler bvunzo) anoongororwa vachishandisa coefficients. Zvakakosha kubhadhara ngwariro chaiyo kuvandudza asiri kutukana zvinoumba mwana. Masayendisiti akawanda vanodavira kuti nezvaunomuitira chirwere zvakawanda zvikuru kuvandudzwa.

Tapota ziva kuti mugumisiro bvunzo pauduku anogona yekudyidzana kuchinja kana kuchinja Magariro, dzidzo uye dzidzo mwana. The template Nzira haasi kukwanisa kuratidza munhu kuti ave nenjere zvakazara, nokuti haimuoni kufunga simba zvinoumba kukura kwepfungwa mano. Fair kutaura kuti yakakwirira IQ - zviri kwete shasha. It zvinowanzoitika kuti vanhu yakakwirira uchenjeri usingaonekwi vanhu, pamwechete paavhareji - zvichiita kubudirira zvikuru kwenyanzvi. Chokwadi kuti kubudirira kunobva zvakananga ungwaru, mavambo pfungwa, mauto kuedza zvinangwa uye zvimwe zvinhu. Haugoni categorically kutaura pakupera bvunzo pamusoro njere zvinogona, kukura mwana muganhu. Izvi zvisingagamuchiriki kubva mutsika pfungwa maonero.

Kururama rondedzero migumisiro bvunzo

Chikonzero ichi, kubva wepfungwa kunoda zvimwe softness iri rondedzero zvabuda, achiratidza rakadzika njere chechetere. Wechsler bvunzo Kududzirwa presupposes kuvapo zvakasiyana zvachose hutachiwana unyanzvi. Kana totaura nguva kuzivisa migumisiro nyanzvi anofanira kuzviita pasina nepanomboratidza munhu pasi pamwero yenjere, achipa tariro kune munhu ichimuudza iye haana kumira ikoko, kutanga zvakare.