Yokupararira chiedza

Chiedza danda achipfuura mativi prism iri vakatsauka kumucheto avete pakatarisana refracting prism yorusvingo. Zvisinei, kana rinongova boka chiedza chena, pashure vanopfuura kubudikidza izvo, kwete chete kukuramba, asi uchiora kupinda namatanda chitsvuku. Fani iyi inonzi yokupararira chiedza. Wakatanga akadzidza Isaakom Nyutonom muna 1666 mune rimwe munhevedzano kuedza zvinoshamisa.

Chiedza bhuku iri Newton kuedza akashanda duku dzeraundi buri riri shutter bhokisi yakavhenekerwa chiedza chezuva. Kana pamberi mugomba akanga akatasva prism riri parusvingo pachinzvimbo rwakapoteredza makwapa sevanhu mavara mutsetse, rinonzi Newton siyana. Spector kwakadaro ine mavara nomwe zvikuru: tsvuku, orenji, yero, mutema, cyan, zvitema, nezvishava, izvo zvishoma nezvishoma Kuchinja kubva mumwe. Mumwe nomumwe wavo inoremekedzwa iri chakarondedzera kwenguva yese siyana. Kureba mukuru yepepuru bhendi, ruduku - tsvuku.

Anotevera chiitiko chaiva kuti munhu akasiyana danda yemwaranzi mavara, vakawana uchishandisa prism, chidzitiro duku gomba vakamira panze yakamanikana matanda imwe ruvara uye akatuma wechipiri prism.

Prism kuvarambawo, haachinji noruvara nemwaranzi izvi. mwaranzi yakadaro inonzi nyore kana monochromatic (imwe ruvara).

Zvinoratidza kuti tsvuku mwaranzi vanonzwa usingashandi kutsauka achienzaniswa Violet, i.e. siyana ruvara matanda vari refracted zvakasiyana prism.

Nekunhonga gogorosi mavara tsapo yemwaranzi vabuda prism, Newton akatanga chena chidzitiro panzvimbo akapendwa chena ubvise yokutanga mufananidzo.

Zvose kuedza izvi, Newton akaita zvinotevera mhedziso:

• chiedza chena zvakasikwa ndiyo chiedza kunzwisisa, chine nemwaranzi mavara;
• akasiyana ruvara chiedza mwaranzi, uye refractive indices akasiyana zvatinoda; somugumisiro ichi, apo chena chiedza danda riri vakatsauka prism, zviri yaora kuva chakarondedzera;
• Kana United mavara kupenya pakati chakarondedzera, unowana chiedza chena zvakare.

Saka, kupararira chiedza - kutanga iyo unovapo kubva kutsamira pamusoro refractive indekisi yamarudzi pamusoro wavelength (kana maitikiro).

Yokupararira chiedza vakachengeta kwete chete kana chiedza ichipfuura imwe prism, asiwo siyana zvimwe zviitiko, refraction wechiedza. Saka, Somuenzaniso, refraction pamvura mumate chezuva achiteverwa rayo manyowa mukati nemwaranzi mavara, izvi mifananidzo muraraungu inotungamirwa.

Newton kuwana chakarondedzera kutungamirirwa prism asi yakafara cylindrical danda chezuva kuburikidza kumativi buri ravakwa shutter.

YOKOHAMA Saka vakawana idungwerungwe yakasiyana ruvara mifananidzo kumativi maburi ubatanidzwewo pindana pamwe chete. Kuti vawane zvakawanda vakachena chakarondedzera, ari kudzidza Chiitiko kuti kupararira chiedza, Newton zano haana kushandisa kumativi gomba, uye rakamanikana mutswe akaererana refracting kumucheto prism. With lenses pamadziro inotengwa chifananidzo zvakajeka mutswe uye yakaiswa seri izvo prism yaunopiwa chakarondedzera.

The spectra kupfuura yakachena uye yakajeka avapo tichibatsirwa dzinokosha mano - spectrometers uye spectrographs.

Absorção de Água chiedza - kutanga umo chiedza chinozunguzirwa simba shoma eѐ achipfuura nyaya. Izvi imhaka kutendeuka chiedza simba nemafungu kupinda simba pamusoro yechipiri mwaranzi, kana nemamwe mazwi, mashoko womukati simba pamusoro zvinhu izvo ane spectral yakasiyana sezvamunoita uye nezvimwe zvataurwa kupararira.

Light Absorção de Água anogona kukonzera kudziyisa mashoko, ionization kana excitation kwemaatomu kana mamorekuru, photochemical siyana nemamwe maitiro panyaya.