Murayiro kurehwa nguva yakareba. The nguva garo

Kubvira anenge nhoroondo yose yevanhu inozvikudza yefizikisi nevazivi vakaedza kuti pfungwa nguva. Zvisinei, yakaramba kutanga kunzwisisa kusvikira pakuguma. Uye vanhu, pane kunzwisisa hunhu waro, akadzidza dzinenge kuti usaruyera. Sei Countdown, umo dzinotaura zviri kuitwa uye chii kuti? Ngatidzidzei zvakawanda nezvazvo.

What nguva

Tisati kubata divi pamusoro temporality, zvakafanira kuti uzorodze ruzivo rwavo pfungwa iyi. Time ndiye nechiyero ya nokuvapo zvose uye zvisikwa zvose kubva nguva chitarisiko pamberi kunyangarika. Kutaura zvazviri, pfungwa iri mhando zvechinguvana kuona zviitiko.

In venguva wefizikisi, pane yakadaro pfungwa se "nguva akabatana". Mariri, chiitiko ichi chinoonekwa somunhu mumwe-dimensional yakarurama mutsetse, kutamira kubva kare kubudikidza chipo mune ramangwana.

Zvinonzi ichaongororwa kuti pfungwa "nguva" yakabuda panguva yokuberekwa zvakasikwa, somugumisiro Huru Bang. Kuramba kana vachisimbisa kubvuma ichi haisati zvinobvira.

ehupfumi nguva

Kufanana chero nokukura, ichi anonyanya ehupfumi:

• Munhu-dimensionality.
• Irreversibility. Nemamwe mashoko, nguva hachisi kufamba yakarurama mutsetse, asi anoita kudaro chete rimwe divi (kubvira kare kusvikira remangwana). Kana ukatora mbiri zvemasanga dzinokosha zvenyama akabatana, mumwe chokwadi kuti ramangwana hama kuna mamwe. Uye kuti, zvichaita kuva wokutanga nowokupedzisira.
• Zvakafanana. Ndicho kuenzana dzose nguva. Vanonzi kwokutanga achikushuvai nguva - izvi chete kugungano. Sezvo anenge vose zviitiko unogona kutanga zvitsva rwepanyama calculus.
• Chayo. Time ariko pasinei pfungwa dzevanhu uye kwayo kubvuma chiitiko ichi. Zvakafanana mutemo regiravhiti: kunyange zhinji emakore vanhu haana pfungwa ivepo, achiri akaramba kushanda.
• Yose sezvakaita. Hapana huripo kunze nguva.

Chii chinonzi Countdown

Pasinei nokuti Chiitiko mune mubvunzo ane kufanana munhoroondo yenyika, vanhu vakanga vachiedza kuwana nzira kudzidza kuverenga.

Chokwadi chokuti ose nebudiriro dzimwe nguva akaona nezvokuvapo kuchinja mwaka. Nokuda nokupukunyuka nhengo dzayo watarisana aifanira kudzidza kuverenga kusvika akanaka uye vanoshorwa nguva, zvichiita Advance reserves kwete kufa nenzara uye kuchitonhora. Saka akasimuka karenda.

Calendar, marudzi ayo uye nhoroondo

Izvi shoko vanhu siyana akatarira uye yakanyorerwa zvakasiyana. Zvisinei, zvarinoreva kwagara vakabatana. Calendar - iyi ezvinhu (kurongeka) bhuku nguva yakareba mhando. Zvakatanga panze diki.

Yokutanga kudzokorora kutenderera kuti akaona vanhu - raiva zuva uye usiku - zuva. Zvishoma nezvishoma, yakanga yakati dzimwe nguva mwedzi anoenda kuburikidza zvose maitikiro. Kunyange pashure, vanhu vakacherechedza kuti pashure 12 nemwaka kwemwedzi inodzokororwa, kuti ndakaiswa pagore. Pahwaro ava zvakawanika, yakanga yakagadzirwa hwemwedzi karenda. Maererano gore rino yaiva mazuva 354.

Zvinosuruvarisa akadaro sezvakarayirwa panotaurwa makuru nguva asingadi uwirirane zuva gore. Naizvozvo, Marudzi akarishandisa, ndaifanira kuenda mazano akasiyana-siyana kugadzirisa mashoko okuti. Somuenzaniso, vaRoma kamwe ose 3 makore ane mwedzi nemamwe paiiswa - martsedony.

Mune dzimwe nyika ano vachiri kushandisa makarenda zvakasikwa pachishandiswa mwedzi.

Vanhu veIjipiti yekare kunamata Mwari Sun Ra kwakavakirwa karenda wayo mwedzi hakusi uye zuva,. Zvisinei, nyika ino, zvakare, akanga kure vakakwana, sezvo mazuva mugore kwazvo 365. In dzinouya (apo nyika uyewo inopiwa pasi pesimba vaGiriki, vaRoma), varidzi itsva ehurumende kudzipinza imwe Kunadzurudzwa kuti muEgipita zuva karenda, asi vanoita saizvozvo pakuguma pamberi uye havana midzi.

VaGiriki vaiva rinokosha muitiro kuti kuverenga nguva yakareba. Rakanzi Metonic kutenderera uye kwemakore 19. ino, yakataurwa nyanzvi Meton ari V remakore. BC. e., sangano kwezuva uye mwedzi. Pasinei kwayo kunzwisisa, zvakanga zvakarurama rakarurama uye mberi kwenguva yacho. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti vanhu vechiJudha vachiri kushandisa naro. Uyezve, nguva Isita nerimwe gore rinowanikwa maererano musimboti ichi.

Pakutanga vaRoma, anopa nyika dzechiKristu yose hurongwa dzenguva wayo, aiva vachinyara kwazvo karenda zvinosanganisira 10 months. Zvisinei, Yuliy Tsezar akamutungamirira kuvandudza uye akatanga gadziriro itsva bhuku makore. Pashure mambo afa, vateveri vake vakanga zvishoma vakavhiringidzika pamusoro nekarenda itsva, nokuti chii yava ndaitora 4 munogodorerei gore, kupfuura iyo yakarongwa, uye Oktavian Avgust akamanikidzwa kukanzura kwavari zvakawanda 16 makore.

Mushure chiKristu akava chitendero chikuru cheRoma rayo kupararira pasi pose, nyika dzakawanda vakatamira nekarenda Julian.

Ndizvo zvakanga zvisina vakakwana, uye emakore mashoma kukanganisa pamwe achikwakuka makore kwakakanganisa kuti chaiko nguva yakawanda pakati Vernal rinenge riine (pavari aionekwa gore) hakurevi uwirirane karenda.

Panyaya iyi, musoro Catholic Church, Pope Gregory XIII muna 1582 pamwe yemasvomhu Aloysius Liliem akasika gadziriro itsva dzenguva, iro rinoshandiswa yose yakabudirira nyika nhasi.

nguva

Zvinofanira kuverenga huru nguva iri nekupedza rwakabatana pfungwa iyi, sezvo muronga. Rinobva rechiGiriki okuti "Dzidziso nguva" (kubva pamashoko "chronos" uye "Logos"). Kubva kwayo Mabviro nayo kuti unyanzvi zvesayenzi ino kudzidza nguva uye nzira usaruyera. Rakakamurwa 3 mhando:

• Astronomical. Iye unyanzvi ari kudzidza inofamba kwemiviri yokudenga. Pahwaro kwayo cyclicity zvinobatsira kuverenga chaiyo zvenyeredzi nguva.
• Historical. Kusiyana yapfuura (nechinangwa pave nguva chaiyo), izvi yakaomerera pakudzidza mugadziriro makarenda uye muronga zvakasiyana dzomunyika uye inoti. hunotiba- kuti synchronize nhoroondo dzakasiyana marudzi kuziva chaizvoizvo kana zvaitika, kana zvimwe chiitiko chinokosha.
• Geochronology. Zvinonzi kudzidza Geological nguva sezvo Earth matombo. In indasitiri ino ine yayo geochronological nguva akamboona. Mabviro nguva pairi - iyi ndiyo nguva inotungamirwa yedu, anenge mabhiriyoni 4,6 akapfuura.

The nguva garo

Nekuti ose Budiriro huru yakanga pachake karenda ayo uye karenda, unofanira kuteerera pakutanga kwayo Countdown. Kunyange zvazvo mune tsika nguva iri homogeneous chakajairika, ose gadziriro yake waverenga bhuku akasarudzwa pokutangira.

VaEgipita Nguva chaiitirwa kubva pakutanga ushe rinotevera Farao, kana yose hwedzinza. The Roman wehurumende pakutanga pokutangira waiva musi Rome hwaro. Munyika yanhasi vakawanda wenguva gadziriro dzinobva zvimwe zviitiko zvinokosha zvokunamata. Somuenzaniso, chiKristu ndiye zvinofungidzirwa musi kuberekwa Kristu vechiMuslim - yezwi hweMuporofita Muhammad kubva Mecca kuna Medina, ivo vaBuddha - nguva Buddha afa, uye vaJudha - Nguva pakusikwa kwenyika (mu pfungwa dzavo).

Minimum karenda nguva zvikamu: zuva, vhiki, mwedzi

Wakabata pamwechete kutanga pokutangira pfungwa inoratidza nguva, zvakakodzera kufunga anokosha anokwana zviyero, ayo anoshandiswa vose.

Shoma nguva yakawanda yaishandiswa zvose mukarenda mugadziriro bhuku - usiku huno (masikati nousiku rinovapo maawa 24). Pasi pfungwa iyi zvinoratidza nguva yakakwana chimurenga Nyika kunhivi ayo akabatana.

Mune ramangwana, pachishandiswa iri chikwata aumba revhiki. Munyika yanhasi, ivo kwemazuva 7. Zvisinei, kare hazvina nguva dzose. Somuenzaniso, imwe necheSalvic nguva penguva iyi yakanga 9 mazuva, uye panguva USSR - 5, uye dzimwe nguva 6 mazuva.

VaIjipiti vekare vhiki zvaisanganisira mazuva 10, uye VaMaya - kubva 13 (dzimwe nguva 20).

Next kuitira kuwedzera mwedzi. Pakutanga, zvakanga nguva Moon rakakwana chimurenga akapoteredza Earth. Zvisinei, nhasi, hazvisi chete, dzinenge dziri Julian uye Gregorian makarenda hazvo.

Quarter Mwaka

Mwedzi kwezvinoshandiswa nenguva uye nepedyo. Mumwe mwaka (iye chete nguva gore) ine 3 months karenda. Vanosvika 4: chando, chitubu, zhizha kwematsutso. Quarter zvakare ine 3 months, asi havana kuverengwa nokuda mwaka, uye zvakasimba nokuda karenda. chikwata ichi dzinounzwa kuna zvakanga nyore kuti kunze nhau mapepa.

Year chacho dzakasiyana

Mwedzi, kwaigara nemwaka dzinoumba gore. Ichi ndicho chokutanga kwenguva yakareba, panguva iyo Earth inoita yakakwana chimurenga akapoteredza zuva. Inoitwa mwedzi 12, 4 nemwaka kana nepedyo.

Traditional gore Christian ine mazuva 365, asi 4th ose ari munogodorerei gore, uye mazuva 366. Sezvazvakanyorwa ine mazuva 355, Jewish uye Islamic makarenda.

Newewo unogona kukanganwa kwakadaro pfungwa sezvo zvedzidzo gore pamusoro. Iyi ndiyo nguva 9 months, umo zvidzidzo vanodzidziswa muzvikoro.

Century, mireniyumu uye megagod gigagod

makore 100 chimiro zera kana zana. Uyu ndiwo mumwe mukuru nguva pachinhu munhu, sezvo vashoma vanokwanisa kurarama zvikuru.

The Millennium ine makore 1000 kana 10 emakore.

Uyewo zviripo kuwana kubva zita panguva mukuru hama nguva. It gigagod, inoitwa makore bhiriyoni. Uyewo, zvenguva hadzisisina dzinounzwa - megagod (mamiriyoni 1 years).

Megagod uye gigagod munhau nguva haina kushandiswa, sezvo pari zvino hakuna uchapupu nezvokuvapo dzomuchadenga munguva dzino. Zvisinei, vanokosha kuti geochronology.