Discourse - chii? hurukuro marudzi. Pfungwa hurukuro

Tose kunzwisisa mutsauko matauriro uye kunyora nokuramba kuonana nzira Chokwadi, kururamiswa. Sashanda kurapwa achange achitumira mashoko vanhu chaivo vari dzekare mutauro chaiko. Saka, zvaizoitawo kunzi musoro kuedza kutsiva rinokosha mashoko zvaigara nezuva mashoko.

Kutsunga hurukuro

Kwete sainzi chete, asiwo mashoko chimurenga chinoratidza XXI remakore. Babbitt nhasi vanotarisana zuva nezuva nevamwe kutaura UCHITAURA. Tose tiri mazuva ose pakukurukurirana dzavo uye nemhaka avo vakatikomberedza ruzivo aibuda nhau iri achinyatsotaurira hurukuro. "Chii ichi?" - anobvunza akanyatsofungwa muverengi yacho. Mhinduro iri zvinoshamisa succinct tsanangudzo yakapiwa muduramanzwi New Webster: zviri kutaura nokukurukurirana.

Nezvekwakabva shoko rokuti

Izwi iri rinobva muchiLatin discursus, zvinoreva "ichitanga kufamba." Nokufamba kwenguva, mashoko unordered runobva fambisa mumuviri ndege pachishandurwa. Yakasvika nechokuita siyana "multi-achitaura" pfungwa, pfungwa, siyana maonero evanhu vakasiyana chete dambudziko. Gare gare, paiva neimwe kuchinja zvaanoreva. Rwunotanga hwe- vanosonganirana vanhu vakawanda zviri pfungwa kutaura hurukuro. Kureva, kutsanangura nyore. Chero ruzivo chipikirwa: kana kumba, kubva mumunda enyika, dzematongerwe, tsika, sainzi, zvehondo - tiri mumwe - izvi ndeimwe mhando yehurukuro.

A nyanzvi munyaya ino, Professor, University of Amsterdam TA Van Deyk rinorondedzera chikuru basa rayo sechinhu kukurukurirana - zvokuchinja makro-mananara, akadai sainzi, dzematongerwe, tsika, anenge kuti munhu wose ari microsocial pamwero kuburikidza rokuparadzira mashoko simba.

Discourse uye Text

Chii chinosiyanisa rugwaro uye hurukuro? Pashure pezvose, vane zvakafanana chinokosha: a Qualitative hurukuro ichiri rinonyanya unotora munhu zvikuru zvinoriumba - wenyaya. Zvisinei, sezvo isu kare kutaurwa, rugwaro kwakadaro hakusi zvedzidzo kana Statistical. Nechemberi kubudirira kwayo, kureva. E. The rakafanotaura uye vakaziva kutaura simba, akatendeuka ari rwezuva hurukuro. Imhandoi ezvitanda-hwemashoko chiito? Hurukuro anogara kutaurirwa imwe chinhu, kugara imwe ezvinhu uye yakananga chipfuro vateereri. Zvino zvirokwazvo rinopa mashoko nezvazvo imwe chechinyorwa. Separate hurukuro chinhu homogeneous (coherent) pfungwa nechigumbuso.

Zvisinei, hochekoche hurukuro hakusi discrete, mumwe nechigumbuso mativi, mumwe anotanga, uye naizvozvo simulates chaiwo kukurukurirana, inova kutevedzana nyaya: .. Mumwe inoguma, uye kutsiva mumwe hurukuro anouya. Kuti kukurukura pesvedzero mhando iyi ine chidhina chimiro, zvakajeka anoratidza muitiro basa nhau.

pachako hurukuro

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana vanhu vari nyore kucherechedzwa nokuda vavariro dzavo uye misoro zvinoshandiswa dzavo dzose chimiro.

Vari yepakutanga, rumwe rutivi, uye kushandiswa - panorumwe. Pfungwa sociolinguistics "hurukuro" Sub-rakakamurwa zvechechi uye lichnostnoorientirovanny (pachedu).

Wokutanga mhando zvinoda narrator kuva zvimwe evanhu sangano, azviti mukuru. Yechipiri kunosanganisira kukurukura vateereri achitaura naye ndoga. Izvi mhando kukurukura kuti inotaurawo private mubereko yacho narrator.

Mhando hurukuro, akavapindurawo, vari rakamuka-kamuka mhuka. Saka, pachake runoratidzwa mhando: zuva nezuva uye tsika.

Evanhu nekuita kunoitika pakati vanhu yaizivikanwa, vakonana zvakanaka. Naizvozvo, izvi achiperekedzwa yoku kuonana nezvaunomuitira, supplementing nayo. Mukurukuri anotora kuti muteereri akanzwisisa zvakakwana, maererano zvinoreva mashoko Mobile chaizvo.

Tsika hurukuro mhando kunoitika apo mumwe munhu, kushandisa zvirungamutauro zvakasiyana, vadzidzi kuuya dudziro kwavo chokwadi, zvikonzero maitiro avo, uye chii anonzi nyika yomukati. It tinoberekwa mabasa yokunyepera. Tsika kukurukurirana kwechirwere, chaizvoizvo, zvakasiyana mumba. Zvisinei, havana chakafanana: kwemarudzi aya muhurukuro vanoti basa chinoshingaira muteereri. Kuti vanofanira kushingaira kuita pfungwa rakataurwa narrator.

zvechechi hurukuro

Izvi mhando hurukuro rakasiyana dzavo chinzvimbo uye basa ukama. Nomuromo kutaurirana kunoitika mariri ari munzvimbo siyana unyanzvi, kuti dziripo munharaunda, akadai administrative, mauto, mabhizimisi, nedzenyu uye vakawanda mashoko, zvokurapa, usingaonekwi, zvesayenzi, dzidzo, kushambadza, zvechitendero, mitambo, yevedza, zvemitemo, enyika.

Mumwe nomumwe kwemarudzi izvi zvechechi pakukurukurirana simba kunoratidzwa huru mbiri zvinhu: chipfuro zvevhiki hurukuro uye vateereri kwayo. Advertising hurukuro kunoitika pakati masangano vanoshambadzira uye kushambadza addressees nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana: mune zvenhau, mumagazini vaima chaiyo, kushambadza dzairwiwa nemauto venhau, kushandiswa kwakapararira panze kushambadzira (zvikwangwani, laytpbordy, kushambadza mu zvekufambisa). Chinangwa enyika muhurukuro rave rakagara richidudzirwa zvikuru kuuya nesimba bato uye akaramba pamberi pamberi paro.

Kazhinji, nokuongorora imwe mhando zvechechi muhurukuro, vanofanira kuzivisa kwayo kuri maitiro: discursive payakavakirwa, mashoko (nyaya), muenzaniso magwaro, mifananidzo uye Genres, nzira, vechikamu nguva-nzvimbo, zvinangwa, tsika (kusanganisira kiyi pfungwa). Below tichaedza kuita izvi Ongorora imwe mhuka ake.

nesayenzi hurukuro

Vakwikwidzi of zvechechi hurukuro, inonzi Science, vaongorori vane matambudziko kwesayenzi uye voruzhinji - the vanoiona uye vanhu vanoverenga magazini yesayenzi. precondition waro wakaenzana vechikamu nekuti vose vanoitirwawo kuva nedanho rwakashata yokukurukurirana kusimbisa chokwadi. Zvisinei, nesayenzi hurukuro zvishoma dzinopesana. Kudivi rimwe, kuriita vanowanzotevedzera kubatanidza statuses dzavo, akatendeuka mumwe "nevamwe", uye pane dzimwe - dzichiisa zvipingamupinyi kune dzimwe kuita hurukuro kuburikidza pakatanga dzinokosha pemisara yesayenzi uye statuses. Kana nyaya iyi zvikuru abstracted, vakarongwa zvine musoro. Saka zvinotaurwa mugumisiro uchapupu.

Dzidziso hurukuro nesayenzi

Pfungwa yehurukuro kwesayenzi presupposes multifunction kubatanidzwa remasayendisiti. Odnoremenno ivo vazivikanwe sevanhu nevatsvakurudzi, sevadzidzisi, sezvo nditsigire, uye, chokwadi, sezvo nyanzvi nenyaya iri kukurukurwa.

Kukosha kuti kukurukura chiito mhando iyi yacho inokosha pfungwa: ruzivo, chokwadi, kudzidza. Ane zvimwe zivo nzira. Inosanganisira anotevedzana inoperera tsvakurudzo: varambidzwe kudya uye voga nyaya yacho; Kudzokorora yapfuura tsvakurudzo kuitwa; Pfungwa ine hypotheses uye zvinangwa; nzira kutsunga; kusika yokungotaura muenzaniso akagadzira pedyo tsvakurudzo pasi; mharidzo kutsvakurudza zvabuda, vanotiwo kwavari uye vezera yokudzokorora; tsanangudzo kubatsira; mharidzo mumagazini yesayenzi.

Genres

Pfungwa yacho Genre yakabuda kumavambo XIX remakore, pfungwa hurukuro - pakupera XX. Nokuti nguva yokutanga yavo kukabatanidzwa Bulgarian nyanzvi Todorov Tsvetan muna 1975. A chinodiwa kuti danho iri raiva dambudziko kukura nesayenzi "hurukuro" category: mukati chero rwaro zvinoda humwe nezvemashandiro chikwata wezvokukurukurirana. Zvikuru wakafara pfungwa Genre zvakakwana zvasvika kutsanangura mifananidzo yehurukuro. It iri chokwadi kuti, kune rumwe rutivi, zviri zvinoberekwa kambani, uye pane dzimwe - zvakunoita superstructure kwayo.

Sezvatambotaura, hurukuro Genres chokuita chaizvo maonero ake sekushamwaridzana mharidzo yake. Kunyanya, Genre hurukuro yesayenzi anganzi husingaoneki, mharidzo panguva musangano, chinyorwa, monographs, dzesayenzi-zvekushandisa ripoti, tsvakurudzo mushumo, review, rondedzero, posita, husingaoneki, bepa nesayenzi.

Modern Genre Tsika nesayenzi muhurukuro asi ayo akanyorwa uye dzaiita nemifananidzo, rinosanganisira kombiyuta uye kukurukurirana (ungira-Misangano, Chats dzesayenzi, e-mail).

Advertising hurukuro: mumwe mashandiro

Tinobvumirana chiremba sciences philological Irinoy Germanovnoy Ovchinnikovoy kuti hurukuro ezvokushambadzira rakasiyana nemamwe marudzi nomuromo kutaurirana vayo kuzvionera. Kusiyana nevamwe "zvechechi" ine zvakasimba unidirectional, kubva mushambadziri kusvika user. It tinoberekwa yezvakaita pragmatic haizovi chinangwa - kuwana. Uyezve, mashoko okushambadza pasi mukanyatsochengeta waidzora kukurukurirana mharidzo kuti: mugero, nguva uye hutachiwana maitikiro. kushambadza Good inofanira dzakashandisa tsika muvanhu icho nayo yakanyorerwa vamiririri.

The multi-faceted yezvakaita okushambadza hurukuro zvakajeka mifananidzo nenzira nyore, kunyange munhuwo zvake sezvo Viktor Pelevin kuti yokufungidzira "Chapaev uye maturo". Nzira kuratidza kwayo kwepakutanga: a yokufungidzira pachayo musanganiswa hurukuro, pakati inova kutungamirira zvokushambadzira. The protagonist, mumwe copywriter wechiTatar, anosika promotional zvigadzirwa mu Genres siyana: RUBATSIRO RUNOTARISA nhimbe clip Muchiitiko, okushambadza pfungwa uye masirogani. Sezvo, maererano Pelevin, copywriters kukurudzira vanhu - kushambadza chinhu - kutenga zvimwe zvinhu uye mabasa? Tatar rinotsanagurwa chepakutanga. Vanhu, yake mafungiro, vari kuramba vachiedza kuwana rusununguko yavo chinoramba kutambura. Uye ivo hunotsausa vanoshambadzira saka kuburikidza nokushambadzira hurukuro razorachivayut chokwadi kuti rusununguko urwu chaizvo kuonekwa Mapedhi kwamapapiro, simbi, remonedhi uye zvichingodaro. D.

Muna nganonyorwa "The Empire," munyori akanyevera, zvinoratidza asina kunaka divi rimwe okushambadza hurukuro disproportionately vashoma, mimicry munyaya zvose zvoupenyu, glamour kutsiva tsika munzanga. Iye criticizes hurukuro, disorienting vanhu pakusarudzwa upenyu chinangwa uye unotsiva obschestvoobrazuyuschie nenheyo.

Global Network uye Hurukuro

Mumwe zviratidzo XXI remakore ndiye chidzoke pakubhadhara matsva pakukurukurirana kunotangira kukura mashoko dzemuchina dzakaitawo. Kunyanya, kukurukurirana svikiro Indaneti nhasi anopindura nzvimbo zvainoreva vanhu vakawanda. Internet hurukuro anoita somunhu symbiosis pamusoro epistolary uye kukurukurirana. Its chikuru nzira tsanangudzo anova dimikira - chokufenbera pachisara redunhu kuchinjirwa rimwe chinhu (Fani) kune mumwe. Internet hurukuro, maererano AG Abramov, ane hunhu mungotaura, t. E. Interactive uye kuitwa munguva chaiyo. Uyezve, anotora kusazivana kukurukurirana, muitiro vokukurukura. Kuti vanokurondedzera, vanofanira kuongorora ayo chinoumba zvikamu, asi ichi ndicho nyaya imwe nyaya.

mhedziso

Nhasi hapana mubvunzo kuti chimwe chinzvimbo zvinhu pakugadzirwa yedu kuziva anoita hurukuro. Mienzaniso iyi kazhinji anozivikanwa. Pashure paumbwe nemashoko kudyidzana anokwezva kana sembura mufananidzo evanhu zvivako uye nemasangano paruchaitika hwaro mashoko runoyerera munzanga. Izvi mikana kutsausa vanhu kuziva.

Zvakanakisa, saka, kutaura nokukurukurirana vanofanira kuramba kutevera inokosha zvinangwa uye tsika vanhu kupfuura kwenguva pfupi zvinofarirwa enyika uye vanamuzvinabhizimisi.