Zvenyukireya Industry Russian: Industry, huru mirayiridzo uye mabasa

Sezvo nezvekutanga muna 1954 muguta Obninsk, wokutanga simba chirimwa munyika kushanda nesimba uranium exchange isotopes, anotanga nhoroondo yake bhizimisi yenyukireya. Zvakanga aronga kuti nhamba renyukireya pamusoro mumireniyamu yechipiri achava asina asingasviki 25% yose magetsi kugadzirwa. Asi munyama chose, nokuda tsaona dzakakomba, kusanganisira paChernobyl pagore 2000 pachishandiswa renyukireya mafuta rakaitwa kubva 6 chete% zviri munyika magetsi.

Zvisinei, pasinei varombo chaizvo kuita ari indasitiri vakaumba munzvimbo shoma. Anogara guru kukosha mune zvoupfumi, kudzivirira uye maindasitiri sectors munyika dzakawanda.

The kurongwa indasitiri yenyukireya

Nokuti anopfuura mekushanda kukura zvigadzirwa zvenyukireya Russia yakaumbwa mana makuru, zvakabatana chaizvo mumwe nesayenzi uye mumaindasitiri kunzwisisa:

1. Energy. Mutariri migodhi, vapfume uye kugadzirwa mafuta zvenyukireya, pakusikwa emakambani munzvimbo dzakadai renyukireya, maindasitiri, indasitiri zvenyukireya.
2. Zvombo. Rinotarisira kugadzirwa uye kuidzwa mhando itsva zvombo zvenyukireya.
3. Radiation chengetedzo. It ndehwokuti kudzivirira varipo uye ramangwana zvizvarwa kubvira zvinokonzerwa ionizing mwaranzi.
4. Nuclear mushonga. Anodyara radionuclide gadziriro iri nechirwere uye kurapwa zvirwere.

Uyewo ari indasitiri renyukireya uye rinosanganisira kutsvakurudza yakaoma, riri mubasa pave inokosha ndikarangarira nokuziva wefizikisi yenyukireya uye renyukireya aizi rengarava. Pari indasitiri wokuRussia yenyukireya vanosanganisira makambani anopfuura 250. Its basa chikuru - vakwanise kushandisa zvombo zvenyukireya michina chinangwa chokuunza runyararo.

simba kunzwisisa

Nokuda pedyo kubatana zviri indasitiri renyukireya uye kuchengeteka nyika, simba rose kusimbiswa mumaoko State Corporation "Rosatom". Zvakanga iye aiva mutariri kukura uye nekutumirwa kwemauto zvenyukireya ruzivo mune nzvimbo yebasa kwevanhu. Uranium exchange iri mined kunyanya Kazakhstan. The Indasitiri renyukireya riri kuronga richikura nemiganhu yayo, uye vanoshandira pamwe nedzimwe nyika - Namibia, Armenia, Canada.

Uranium exchange vapfume iri kuita ina vadyi wemari makambani, uye kugadzirwa renyukireya mafuta guru kambani "TVEL", iro rinopa zvose 10 kushanda renyukireya simba zvinomera muRussia, uyewo 17% vose simba renyukireya miriwo munyika.

Nuclear Weapons Complex

Enterprises zvombo zvenyukireya dzakaoma havana chakaparadzana pedzimba ari kudzivirira bhizimisi weRussia. Vanoshanda pamwe nemamwe masangano, kusanganisira vehurumende Makambani. The chikuru vatengi zvenyukireya simba kurimwa munyika kwemauto ichi ndiyo yakazova, motokari uye mafuta uye gasi indasitiri.

The chikuru Basa NWC, zvinosanganisira indasitiri yenyukireya, ari kuita mutemo chokuti pasava nehondo yenyukireya - kudzivirirwa ndima uye vagari munyika zvombo zvenyukireya kune dzimwe nyika. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, zvakaoma zvinosanganisira akawanda yeUnited zvenyukireya nzvimbo.

Radiation Safety Complex

Kudzivirira vanhu uye zvakatipoteredza kubva nemwaranzi dzokupisa - ane chisingaperi tenet kuti "Rosatom".

Kuti uite izvi, zvakaoma zvinosanganisira makambani akawanda, izvo pagore anosarudza zvikamu zvikuru zviviri:

• Nechokwadi ngozi nokushanda huripo emakambani ari bhizimisi yenyukireya. zvirongwa kuchengetedza zvenyukireya reactors kubva dzinongoitika dzoga, nemagandanga mabasa, uyewo nzvimbo kubva nemwaranzi pano dzinokudziridzwa uye rakatangwa.
• Kuraswa aipedza mafuta residues, uyewo zvibviswe chakasakara zvivako "Atomic Project" of USSR.

Gore negore kugadzirisa nyaya iyi indasitiri renyukireya anogamuchira anenge mabhiriyoni 150 rubles.

mushonga yenyukireya

In pamwe chete Federal anorapa achishandisa mitemo Agency akasika mushonga kunzwisisa yenyukireya, iyo ichava zvachose zvionera. Vatotanga PET-pakati (positron achine tomography) michina iro kuziva tanga bundu kukura, metastasis uye pathological maronda.

The kunzwisisa zvinosanganisira mumarabhoritari kuti nokugoverwa isotopes uye unhu kuzvidzora, uyewo zvakananga zvokurapa nzvimbo, apo chirwere uye kurapwa wevarwere.

Nuclear Michina chakasimbiswa kwazvo muupenyu hwedu. Zvino munyika munzvimbo iyi inogarwa vanenge 190 zviuru. Man. Uye hazvishamisi kuti hurumende unorondedzerwa pakarenda zuva - 28 September, inova mushandi ari indasitiri yenyukireya anogona kunzi zvavo nyanzvi yezororo.