Zvetsika, nhoroondo uye zvepanyama zveTver nzvimbo

Nzvimbo yeTver ine nzvimbo yakasikwa yakasikwa uye inoitika kare uye tsika. Iyi ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzakakurumbira dzeRussia kune vatashanyi. Nhoroondo yaro yekare yakasiyana. Runako rwechimiro chemuganhu hunoshamisa, uye huwandu hwezvakaitika kare uye zvetsika dzinoita kuti zvive zvinofadza uye zvinokwezva. Izvo zvisikwa zveNzvimbo yeTver zvakabatana zvakananga nembiri yenharaunda yacho, ine vanhu vayo vakakurumbira uye vakakurumbira vaigara munyika ino panguva dzakasiyana.

Panzira "kubva kuVarangians kusvika kuvaGiriki"

Nzvimbo yeTver yakagara ichiita nzvimbo inobatsira nzvimbo. Panharaunda yaro ndiyo ndiyo nzira yekare yokutengeserana: Volga-Baltic uye "kubva kuma Varangians kusvika kuGreeks", uye nzvimbo yaive pakati pemisoro miviri yakave yakawanda zvakanyanya kuve nenhaka yezvakagadzirwa netsika, zvinyorwa, zvivakwa. Nzvimbo dzekushanyira nzvimbo dziri munharaunda yaro ndiLake Seliger, Tverskoe Poozerie, gadziriro yemakungwa eNharaunda yeApper Volga, Bezhetsky Top, uye Dunhu reTotopets. Kubva kumaguta Tver, Vyshny Volochek, Staritsa, Torzhok, Toropets, Kalyazin, Rzhev nevamwe vanofarira zvikuru. Kune mimwe misha yekare: Ivanishchi, Gorodnya, Bernovo, Mednoe, Kushalino, Vydropuzhsk, Rogozha.

Historical yapfuura

Nzvimbo yeTver haina pasina chikonzero chinonzi moyo weRussia. Rimwe remaguta ekare eRussia - Tver - rinozivikanwa kubva muna 1135. Iyo hutungamiri hukuru hweTver, iyo yaiva nzvimbo huru yekusikwa kwehurumende yeRussia, yakanga iri sehurumende yakasununguka yakaumbwa kusvikira pakuguma kwezana remakore rechi15. Vafumi uye vanokudzwa kare vekare, hupenyu hwemazuva ano hwemahara, hwakazara nezviitiko zvinonakidza, zvakaratidzwa mune dzakawanda zvenhoroondo uye tsika dzezviitiko zvezvakaitika kare. Pasinei nekusiyana kukuru kwemaguta uye kumaruwa, pakati pehupenyu hutsva sezvitsuwa zvekugara zvekare zvinoramba zviri zvisikwa zvekare zveNzvimbo yeTver, zvichizarura kunaka kwemaumbirwo eAustr Rus. Aya ndiwo mapurisa emhepo, machechi ematanda, maSlavic kuvigwa mounds, kubva kumazana gumi nemazana nemazana nemazana nemazana mana nemana, uye mazhinji.

Historical monuments

Nilova Pustyn inofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo yenyika nzvimbo tsvene yenyika yeTver. Ichi ndicho chiziviso chinonyanya kuzivikanwa munharaunda iyi, yakatangwa muzana remakore rechi16. Nharaunda yacho inozivikanwawo neyezviyeuchidzo zvevanhu. Saka, mushure mokushanyira Torzhok, zvakakosha kushanyira nzvimbo dzeMitino, Nikolskoe, Rajek, vakaziva maitiro eRussian provincial classicism. Mhuka dzakanaka, dzakasiyana nekukura uye maumbirwo, dzakasimirirwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenharaunda. Iyi dzimba Pasi pedo, Kuropatkin uye Mikhailovskoye muToropetsky District, manor of architect A. S. Khrenov mudunhu reBogovsvsky nevamwe. Musha weGornitsa, uri mumusha muduku weruwa rweVivinovsky, unonakidza nekushanya. Pano iwe unogona kuona chechi yakave yakachengetedzwa yematombo eVladimir.

MuTver pachayo pakati pezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira zvakakosha kusimbisa Tver Imperial Road Palace, yakagadzirwa muzana remakore rechiXVIII uye yakasimbiswa mumutauro wekugadzira nekuiswa kwezvinhu zveBaroque. Chinangwa chayo chikuru chaiva chokupa zororo kumhuri dzemhuri yaEmperor munzira kubva kuPetersburg kusvika kuMoscow. Iye zvino muimba yamambo ndiyo Tver yemazhizha emagetsi, anonzi iyo pfuma huru yeguta.

The Travel Palace iri munharaunda yepakutanga nzvimbo yepamusoro yeguta-iyo Tver Kremlin. MuGuta Jindu unogona kuona matongo aripo e serf moat. I Kremlin pachayo haina kudzorerwa shure kwekupedzisira moto muna 1763.

Pakati pehuwandu hwezvivako zvemasuwa munzvimbo yeTver, guta rinoyevedza raKimry rinomira pakuonekwa kwaro. Iyi ndiyo muenzaniso unotyisa we "guta rechepanyika reRussia rwemazuva ano".

Temberi dzeTver nzvimbo

Mune chero ipi zvayo, kunyange guta duku kudarika munharaunda yacho, unogona kuwana zviitiko zvechokwadi zvekare, izvo nzvimbo inoshandiswa nechechi dzeTver. Nokudaro, Gomo Dzvuku rinonakidza nemiganhu yekuchengetedzwa yakachengetedzwa yezana remakore re XIX, temberi dzezana re XVIII-XIX. Heino mheto yeAntoniev, yakagadzirwa muzana remakore re XV.

MuViksh Volochok, yakagadzirwa nehurongwa hwemigwagwa uye zvidiwi, zvakadai zvinozivikanwa Zvitarisiko zveNzvimbo yeTver, kufanana neTransfiguration Church neKazan Convent. MuTotzhok muKathedral yeBoris neGleb Monastery ndeye mukurumbira.

Kubva pakuona kwekutarisa, guta rinoyevedza riri muVolga Staritsa rinonakidza. Tver nzvimbo dzinofanirwa pano munzvimbo dzose dzakanaka dzekare. Zvizhinji zvekereke insembles uye machechi ega ega anozivikanwa nedzimwe dzimba dzakasiyana-siyana, izvo zviri pachena kuti hazvienderani nemagariro echokwadi. Kubva pamabwe ekugadzira matombo muS staritsa kune musha wemusha we Uspensky, wakatangwa muna 1297. Iyo shrine, yakakomberedzwa nedombo rakasimba dombo, rakachengetedzwa pamwe chete nezvivako zvose. Mutaundi munewo zvigadzirwa zvekuvakwa kwezvigadzirwa zve XVIII yekare: Chechi yePyatnitskaya ine makamusoro-rotundas akanaka, ari pasi pechigaro chekare, Ilyinsky chechi muBaroque style, St. Nicholas Church, yakanyatsokodzera munzvimbo yegungwa yeVolga. Kukoshesa kweguta racho zvakare kune Aptekarskiy lane, mumugwagwa wakasiyana-siyana, uyo muRussia haasisina kuwanikwa.

"Guta remwoyo weRussia," iyo chaiyo yakaita rwizi rwemunharaunda yakapoteredza guta duku rekare, rinonzi Kashin. Tver nzvimbo dzinofadza Pano panoratidzika mune zvakasiyana-siyana. Nzvimbo iyi yakakurumbira yakachengetedza zvivako zvekuvaka zvakawanda. Pakati pavo pane Ilinsko-Preobrazhenskaya (1778), Frolo-Lavrovskaya (1751), makereke aPetropavlovsk (1782) nevamwe. I "Cathedral House", iyo yakashanda seimba yevapristi veKumuka kweKumuka, Gostiny Dvor uye yekare yePaulence Places yakatanga kusvika kuma1900, inonyanya kukosha.

Temberi yekare yakawanda munharaunda yeTver ndiyo Chechi yeVhite Vhutatu, yakagadzwa muna 1564. Tembere yaimbova yeUtatu -Sergius Monastery uye yakabvumirwa kubhadhara mitero kumabhishopi wekune imwe nyika, iyo yainzi inogamuchira zita rake.

The Cathedral of the Dormition, yakavakwa muna 1722, inofadza. Iyi ndiyo chete chivako muTver, yakachengetedzwa kubva kune imwe imba yekare yeOtroch-Uspensky, yakatangwa muzana remakore rechigumi nemana. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuvakwa kwechitendero cheTver ndeyeSt. Catherine's Church (1774-1781), yakaitwa mumutauro weBaroque nezvinyorwa zvepakutanga mumutauro wekare.

Museums emunharaunda yeTver

Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzinofadza dzinotora musimusi dzinogona kushanya dzichifamba-famba munzvimbo yacho. MuTver pachake ndiyo museum we ME Saltykov-Shchedrin, yakasunungurwa kwegore rechi 150 yemunyori wenyunyuta muimba yaakagara, achibata basa reva visi-gavhuna veguta racho. Iyi ndiyo Tver yakasunganidzwa ino musamu, yakavhurwa muna 1866. Zviratidzo zvake zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotaura pamusoro pezvakaitika kare, tsika netsika dzenharaunda yacho. Uyewo musimamende weTver upenyu uye museum wemitambo yehondo, zviratidzo zvayo ndezvokuunganidza zvombo zvekare zveRussia zvezana remakore rechina-XVI.

Imwe musamuziyamu mumunda wezvakaitika kare ndeye Museum of Nature yeSeliger Territory, yakavhurwa muna 1986.

Mumusha weEmausi, kwete kure neTver, pane VA Serov Memorial Art Museum, mumiriri wehutano hwehukama hwevanhu. Chikonzero chekutsvaga ndechekutanga mabasa edzidzisi, achitaura nezvehupenyu hwake uye nzira yekusika.

MuTotzhok, iyo Architectural uye Ethnographic Open-Air Museum, iyo yose-Russian Historical uye Ethnographic Museum inofanirwa kunyatsotarisirwa.

Zvisikwa zvemasango

Kufunga pamusoro pezvaunofanira kuona munharaunda yeTver, chii chingaitwa neharaunda, usakanganwa kuti iyi ndiyo miganhu yemakungwa akawanda, nzizi uye masango anoyevedza. Iko pano iyo Volga inotanga. Iyo yakabva kune imwe nzvimbo yakasiyana-siyana yechinyakare yezvisikwa zvenyika. MuVolgoverkhov, unogona kushanyira Spaso-Transfiguration Desert yakatangwa muna 1849, musemu wakatsaurirwa kune Great Volga.

Zvitsva zvinowanzoitika munzvimbo yeTver Izvo zvakasiyana uye hazvisipo. Pane chimwe chinhu chinoyemura. Runhu hunoshamisa hwemamiriro enyika yakafuridzirwa muenzi I. I. Shishkin kunyora mufananidzo wakakurumbira "Morning in the Pine Forest" uye "Ship Forest".

Imwe yenzvimbo dzakanakisisa uye dzakakurumbira dzenharaunda dzenharaunda iyi ndiLake Seliger. Iyi ndiyo yose yakawanda yemakungwa, kuumba maguta uye nzvimbo dzakawanda. Chiratidzo chakanaka chegungwa chinotanga kubva kubhero reNilov Desert Monastery.

Chitsuwa chikuru cheSeliger ndiKhachin. Iyi nzvimbo yakachengetedzwa yakafukidzwa nehutano hwemadzimai emukati. Mukati yekupedza nguva, chishamiso chaicho chezvisikwa chinonzi rowan grove chiri kune chimwe chitsuwa cheSeliger - Klichen.

Nyika yeTver ichasiya zviyeuchidzo zvinonakidza kwenguva refu. Yakanga isiri mungozi kuti nguva dzose aifarira kugadzira intelligentsia yeRussia nechekuita kwake.