Verkhoturye: kuonekwa kweguta. Temples of Verkhoturye

Kana guta guru reUrials rinongodanwa Ekaterinburg, ipapo guru remweya ndiyo Verkhoturye. Zviratidzo zveguta rino zvinowanzo masangano nemamatare. Vatendi vanobva kumativi ose eRussia vanotsvaka nzvimbo ino. Kune rimwe guta muSverdlovsk mhiri parwizi Toure.

A bit of history

Pakanga pane kugadziriswa kune kure nemakore 1597. Ichokwadi, inozivikanwa kuti kare kare muchikamu chimwechete chemugwagwa weBabinov kwaiva neguta reVogul rainzi Neromkar, asi panguva iyo rainge ragara rakasiyiwa. Makore anopfuura zana nemakumi mashanu muVerkhoturye ndiyo yaiva nhare yakasimba munzira inoenda kuSiberia. 1600 yakaratidzwa nehutano hwetsika. Iye zvino, nezvose zvese zvakagadzirirwa mabasa. Izvi zvakakonzera kukurumidza kukura kweguta uye kuvakwa kwezvivakwa zvakaisvonaka zvebwe.

Muna 1763, tsika dzacho dzakabviswa, izvo, sezvaungangodaro, hazvina kubudirira zvikuru pakuvandudza kweguta racho. Zvisinei, ikozvino panguva ino zvivako zvakanakisisa zvakarumbidza Verkhoturye. Zviratidzo, izvo nhasi zvinokwezva vazhinji vevashanyi, zvaivepo kare kare muzana remakore rechi18. Ngatitaurire pamusoro pavo zvakadzama.

The Kremlin

Kuvakwa kwebwe iro Verkhoturye Kremlin rakatanga muna 1699 maererano nemurairo waPeter I. Zvinonakidza kuti ndicho chiduku pakati peKremlin yose yeRussia, uye yakagadziridzwa yepamusoro, kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe dzimba.

Sekutanga Kremlin yaiva nzvimbo yekutungamira kweguta, uye ikozvino mahofisi ehurumende, guta duma nemamwe masangano ari munharaunda yaro. Asi kukokwe kukuru kuno Utatu Cathedral. Iko kwaiva naye iyo kuvakwa kweKremlin kwakatanga, uye mushure mokunge, masvingo nematombo emabhero eStreltsa akaiswa. Nezve temberi, tichakuudza zvishoma gare gare. Chimwe chinokosha kukucherechedza ndechimwe chinhu chinofadza. Ichokwadi ndechokuti pasi pePeter I zvakange zvarambidzwa kuvaka zvivako zvemabwe zvehurumende. Asi Verkhoturye inogona kunzi guta rakasiyana, pamwe neSt. Petersburg neTobolsk.

Holy Trinity Church

Iko kare muna 1598 kereke yekutanga (matanda) yakavakwa muzita reUtatu-Kupa Utatu. Zvakanaka, dombo rekutanga rekereke yakaiswa muna 1703. Chirevo chakabudiswa naPetro I, uye chikomborero chekuvakwa chakapiwa neMetropolitan Philobey weSiberia neTobolsk. Basa rakaramba richienderera kusvikira 1709. Munharaunda yeSverdlovsk iyi ndiyo dare rekare dombo.

Ichechi yeRoma inowanikwa muMoscow Baroque style. Icho chinonzi airy, chiedza, uye chiedza chechipiri. Chinhu chisingawanzogadziriswa chivakwa chinoita kuti chive chakasiyana. Temberi i "octagon pamakumbo mana", iyo yakavezwa korona ine musoro mishanu, iyo inosanganisira zvitsauko zvina zvakare zviri kumativi enyika, uye imwe chete.

Gwaro guru rakagadzwa muna 1709, musi waApril 16. Soviet power Holy Trinity Cathedral, yakafanana nedzimwe dzakawanda, yakapfigwa. Mabasa aMwari haana kuitwa pano kubvira muna 1932, zvivako zvakaparadzwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Zvose zvakadzokera kune zvakajairika muna 1998. Yaiva mugore rino iyo basa rokutanga raMwari rakaitwa pano zvakare. Hapana rimwe temberi dzeVerkhoturye dzinoita masakaramende emichato uye kubhabhatidza, sezvo vose vari monastic, uye pano ivo vanobatwa. Ikoko kunewo nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzinoremekedzwa muchechi yeRoma: iyo "Ingaxhaustible Chalice", iyo mifananidzo yeNzvimbo Tsvene-tsvene Theotokos Kazan (18th century) uye Kumuka kwaKristu (Nevyansk tsamba). Temberi inogamuchirwa neUNESCO seimwe yezvinyorwa zvakanakisisa zvezvigadzirwa zvepasi.

St. Nicholas Monastery

MuVerkhoturye, zvitsva zvatinorondedzera, ndezvakakura muMedical Urals Orthodox monastery - St. Nicholas. Yakatangwa muna 1604 ne hieromonks wePothekhonya. Zvisinei, imba yemamata inozivikanwa pashure pemakore zana. Musi waSeptember 12, 1704, zvinyorwa zveSt. Simeon zvakatamiswa pano kubva kuMerkushino. Mushure meizvozvo, nharaunda yemunamato yakanga yakakombwa nemadziro ematombo, uye yakavakawo temberi dzakanaka dzematombo.

The St. Nicholas Cathedral muVerkhoturye yakavharwa nekuuya kwevaKomonisiti. Pano paiva nekoni yevana. Zvinyorwa zveSimeon Verkhotursky zvakatumirwa kumusimamende, uye mumakore makumi mapfumbamwe ezana remakore rechi20 vakadzoserwa kuVaOrthodox vaKristu. Nhasi ivo vari muKathedral of the Exaltation of the Monastery.

Zvinosuruvarisa, Chechi yeSt. Nicholas, iyo huru muimba yevatemberi, haina kupona kusvikira nhasi, asi iye zvino kune mamwe machechi matatu munharaunda yaro: Holy Cross Cathedral, Simeon-Anninskaya uye Church Transfiguration Gate.

Holy Cross Cathedral

Verkhoturye yakakodzera kududzirwa muRussia yose. Heino yechitatu chechi yakakura munyika - inogona kugara vanhu vanenge 4 000. Anobvumirana chete neChita Isaac Cathedral yeSt. Petersburg neKathedral yaKristu Muponesi, iri kuMoscow. Nheyo yaro yakabva muna 1905-1913. Kuvhurwa kwekatehedheni kwakagadzirirwa kusvika pamakore makumi matatu emakore eimba yaRomanovs. Akamirira munguva iyi muVerkhoturye naNicholas II, asi haana kukwanisa kuuya.

Ichechi yeRoma inowanikwa mumutauro weRussian-Byzantine. Temberi yaro yakakonzerwa muna 1913, musi waSeptember 11, kuruboshwe-chapeleri musi waMay 27 wegore rakatevera, uye chapelera yakarurama musi waSeptember 10 wegore rechi16 remakore rechi20. Iyo yakasiyana yedenga iconostases (zvitatu) yaiva muchechi yakaparadzwa panguva yeSoviet, uye yakadzorerwa pakuguma kwezana remakore rechi20 - muna 1998.

Simeono-Anninskaya Gate Chechi

Temberi yakavakwa muna 1856 muAsia style. Pakutanga yakanga iri chivako chine nhurikidzwa mbiri uye yakavhara makona uye nechitenderera chiri muchimiro chechinyorwa. Chiedza chekodrilateral chakanga chave chakakonzera makona, uye pamusoro payo chaiva anonic glaucosa. Kuwedzererwa nekushongedza kwekushongedza kwemufomu, pedyo neyekuvakwa kweklassicism, uye mukati mechechi yakashongedzwa ne-tier-tier iconostasis. Basa raMwari rakabatwa pano zvisingawanzoitiki, nokuti kamuri duku raigona kugadzirisa vashoma vechechi. Izvozvokwadi uye yakashanda sechikonzero chokuti muna 1904 kereke yakabviswa, uye kuvaka kwakatanga kushandiswa sa sacristy.

Sezvatotaurwa, kudzorerwa kwetemberi ku Verkhoturye kwakatangwa mumakore ekuma1900 ezana remakore rechi20. Mufananidzo wekuonekwa kwavo kwemazuva ano kunoratidza hukuru hwavo uye unarthly runako. Simioni-Anninsky Church yaiva imwe yekutanga mumuganhu wezvivako zvekudzorerwa. Yatove musi waOctober 18, yakashandurwa, yakatsveneswa. Pakutanga, maitiro aMwari aiitwa nguva dzose, asi gare gare, apo mamwe machechi akadzorerwa, akawanda, liturgy yaiitwa chete neMuvhuro.

Chechi yeKushandura

Pakati peOrthodox Museum uye Holy Cross Cathedral ndiyo Transfiguration Church. Zuva rakaiswa, - August 28, 1821. Basa rokuvaka rakakwana rakapedzwa muna 1829 chete, kunyange zvazvo rakarongwa kuti havangatori makore anopfuura mana. Makumi makumi emakumi anotevera, chechi yakavandudzwa.

Kubvira muna 1868, mutumbi weAkibhishopi weVerkhoturye uye Perm, Mufundisi Mukuru Neophyte, vanogara pano. Gore raitevera, kabati nebhokisi rine ruzivo pamusoro pezuva rokufa kwake rakarongwa pamusoro peguva rake. Mifananidzo yekereke ye-archbishop inowanikwa mukiki duku, iri mumadziro ekudzika, muna 1877.

Pasi peKomonisiti, kereke yakashanda semitambo yekurovedza yevashandi vekoloni. Temberi dzeVerkhoturye dzakadzorerwa kubva muna 1990 gore. Inoshanda munzvimbo huru-chechi yeTransfiguration Church yakapera muna 1992. August 8, iye akazvitsaurira. Zvinyorwa zvevakarurama Simioni zvakatamiswa pano musi waSeptember 25. Chikamu chekucherechedza chechechi chakange chapera kupera muna 1994, uye mumakore mana bherfry yakavakwa zvakare. Zvinyorwa zveSimeon Verkhotury muna 2006 zvakatamiswa kuChristian Cross Cathedral.

Pokrovsky Monastery

Pokrovsky's Monastery Women (Verkhoturye) yakatangwa muna 1621. Ndiyo nzvimbo yekare yevakadzi muTrans-Urals. Icho chiri pasi peSt. Nicholas Monastery munguva yeTurks. Pakutanga, yakanga yakarongedzerwa zvakanaka-yakavakwa, yakasimbiswa nekuda kwekutsigirwa kubva kuhurumende yehurumende. Panharaunda yemunharasi mumazana zana nemakore makumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemazana masere, makereke masere akavakwa. Dzimba dzakagadzirwa nematanda dzakaparadzwa kanopfuura kamwe nemoto, kusvikira pakati pezana remakore rechi18 vakavakwazve kubva pamabwe.

Mumakore makumi matanhatu ezana remakumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe emakore imba yevatemberi yakaparadzwa, uye yakavakwa zvakare mushure memakore anopfuura zana. Munguva dzeSoviet, pane nherera munharaunda yayo. The Intercession Church, ikozvino iri kushanda, yakashandurwa kuva bhenhouse mugore ra25. Yakange yakatsveneswa muna 1996. Pano pane zvinyorwa zveHoods Cosmas.

Nzvimbo huru yemuzinda wemamoni ndiyo chiratidzo "Rudo". Iri rondedzero rinobva kunezvishamiso Serafimo-Diveevskaya icon. Chimiro cheKunyengeterera kweMutsvene Virgin, iyo iri pamadziro eChechi yeChechi yeRoma, yakanyorwa kakawanda panguva yekutonga kweKomonisiti, asi nguva imwe neimwe yakaonekwa zvakare.

Local History Museum

Nhoroondo inofadza ine Verkhoturye. Zviratidzo zveguta hazvisi tempile chete nemamoni, asiwo Museum of Local Lore. Muna 1913 imba yemapuranga yekukudza vatenzi yakavakwa pedyo nechechi yeKalachik. Sezvatotaurwa, panguva iyi Nicholas II aitarisirwa kusvika. Iye nemhuri yake, uye vakavaka shongwe. Chinokosha, kwete mbambo imwechete yakashandiswa pakuvakwa kwayo.

Zvinosuruvarisa, chivako chacho chakakanganiswa mumoto muna 2010. Zviratidzo zvemu museum zvakatamirwa kusachengeterwa kwechinguva.

Mhedziso

Uya kuguta rakanakisa rakanaka - Kuratidzwa. Zvinhu zvinorondedzerwa munyaya yacho hazvisi zvose zvinogona kushamisika uye kufadza vashanyi. PaAktay zaimke kune chitubu chinopa upenyu. Mvura kubva mairi inonzi inoshamisa zvechokwadi. Iwe unogona kugadzira pano chero nguva.