Masada nhare: tsanangudzo, nhoroondo. Israel attractions

VaIsraeri nhasi vakafanirwa kufungidzirwa seimwe yenzvimbo dzinoshamisa kupfuura dzose munyika. Uye hazvisizvo chete kuti zvishamiso zvinorondedzerwa muBhaibheri zvakaitika panyika ino, asi pano apa ndiyo nzvimbo dzinokosha zvikuru dzevaKristu.

Israel attractions

Hazvishamisi kuti Nyika Yakapikirwa ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzakakurumbira uye dzakakurumbira kune vatashanyi. Vafambi vanobva kunyika dzose vanouya kuIsrael kuzosangana nematunhu akasiyana-siyana, vanopinda munhoroondo yekare uye vanozorora pamhenderekedzo yeGungwa Dzvuku kana Gungwa Rakafa.

Zvisikwa zvenyika ino zvakasiyana. Mune imwe nzvimbo unogona kuona zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvitsvene uye zvivako zvechitendero. Nzvimbo dzakawanda dze nzvimbo tsvene dzeIsrael dzinowanikwa muJerusarema: Chechi yeThe Holy Sepulcher uye Dome yeDombo Mosque, Chechi yeSt. Mary Magdalene uye, zvechokwadi, Rusvingo rwekuchema Ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvinofadza zveNyika Yakapikirwa. Iyo nzvimbo ye sacral iri kumaodzanyemba kwekumadokero kweTemberi yeGomo - chikamu chesvingo rwekare rakamiswa pamativi eimba yakavakwa naMambo Soromoni. Zita rokuti "Guta Rokuchema" raakagamuchira muzana remakore rechitanhatu. Nhasi, pano vaJudha nevashanyi vanonyengetera kana kunyengeterera zvitadzo, vachienda mumatsetse akanyorwa kuna Wemasimba Ose.
Pakati pezvinhu zvaIsraeri, hatikwanisi kutaura avo vari mune zvitsvene kune vose vaNazareta-guta iro huduku nehuduku hwaKristu zvakaitika, uye apo chishamiso cheMashoko Akanaka chakaitika. Pamusoro pe eponymous grotto inomirira kereke yakanaka yeKaturike mukuremekedza Annunciation.

Nzvimbo dzinonakidza kune vatashanyi

Iko kukanganisa kufunga kuti munyika yaIsraeri mune zvivako zvechitendero chete uye nzvimbo tsvene. Munyika ino inoshamisa mune dzakawanda zvemasimamusi inofadza kushanyira. Nyika Yakapikirwa inorangarirwa kwete imba yezvitendero zvitatu chete, asiwo kuberekwa kwevanhu. Nokudaro, kukosha kwenzvimbo ino kunogona kusakanganiswa. Pakati pezvinzvimbo zvinowanzobatanidzwa mukuona mahofisi evashanyi, kune dzakadaro mumamyuziyamu semasikirwo akanaka, Israel, Holocaust Memorial Museum, nyika dzeBhaibheri nevamwe.

Mavara emotley emigwagwa yeguta, maitiro emarudzi akawanda ezvitendero zvepasi pose ndeimwe chikonzero nei zviuru zvevashandi vari kupisa, asi zvinoshamisa kuti Israeri inofadza. Uye kuswedera kwezvivako zvepanyama zvakadai seGungwa Rakafa neDhaka reJudhiya, nzvimbo dzegungwa, nezvimwewo, zvinongowedzera hondo yevashanyi.

Nhare yeMasada

Israeri, iri chikamu chiduku chenyika yakakombwa nemakungwa, mahoango, masango nemakomo, yakashanduka nhasi kuva nyika yemazuva ano, akatambura uye yakavakwa nezvizvarwa zvakawanda zvevaJudha. Uye kana iwe ukanyora nzvimbo dzose dzepamusoro dzehurumende iyi, ipapo mumwe wavo anofanira kunge achishanyira. Nzvimbo gumi dzokutanga dzinowanikwa mukushanyirwa kwevatariri ndezvenhare ye Masada muIsrael. Zviitiko zvinoshandiswa pano nevose vanofamba.

Nzira yekuenda sei

Kazhinji kakawanda muRussia shoko iri rinokonzera kukanganisika. Chikonzero ndechokuti nhare yeMasada muvanhu vakawanda inobatanidzwa neIsrael inoshandiswa mabasa eMossad. Zvisinei, hapana hukama pakati pavo. Izwi rokuti "Masada" rinobva muchiGiriki, muchiHebheru rinoreva "nhare". Iyi chivakwa chekare chekare chinorondedzerwa seNyika Inzvimbo Yenzvimbo. Icho chiri pedyo negungwa reGungwa Rakafa - makiromita makumi maviri chete kubva kure. Nhare yakakwirira yeMasada iri pedyo neguta reArad, pedyo negwagwa reEin Gedi.

Nhoroondo

Yakavakwa mugore rechimakumi maviri neshanu BC naHerodhe Mukuru, uyo nhoroondo inozivikanwa semunhu ane utsinye uyo, achitya kurasikirwa nechigaro cheushe, akarayira kuuraya vana vose muBhetrehema. Saka akaedza kubvisa muvengi wake mukuru - Kristu achangoberekwa. Zvisinei, Herodhi Mukuru akasiyiwa munhoroondo uye imwe nzira - semhizha-mambo. Ndivo avo vakawedzera Gomo reTemberi, vakavakazve Tembere Yepiri, uye mumasango eJerusarema akavaka Amphitheater, iyo yakazogadzirisa mauto emabhiza uye mauto ehondo.

Zvinangwa zvekuvaka

Mukuremekedza hama yake yakafa, Mambo Herodhe akavakawo mausoleum ane shongwe. Akaropafadzwawo kuvakazve Samariya uye chikepe cheKesari, temberi inoshamisa iri pachiwi reRhodes, uyewo nheyo yeHerodhimi neHeshbhoni muJordan nhasi.

Akamira pamusoro wedombo risingakanganwiki, pane imwe nzvimbo yerenje iri kure, masvingo e Masada aiva nemabasa akawanda. Kutanga, yaifanira kuva utiziro, apo Mambo Herodhe nemhuri yake vaigona kuvanza munguva dzehondo, uye chechipiri, vaichengeta ndarama nezvombo.

Tsanangudzo

Nhare yeMasada inokwira pamusoro peGungwa Rakafa kwemamita 450. Inomira panzvimbo yekuvakwa kweHasmonean nguva, iyo, kutonga nemagwaro, inodzokera kumashure makumi matatu asati apfuura. Uye nhasi, vatashanyi vanoratidzwa pano kuti mvura yekushandisa uye mabhati ekuyeuchidza maRoma ekugezera akavakwa nounyanzvi. Nhare yeMasada yakashandiswa kunyanya kuchengetedza zvombo uye zvokudya, asi vazikanwi vemambo vaiziva kuti zvigaro zvake zvegoridhe zvisingagumi zvakavanzwa pano.

Inaccessibility

Pamativi ose, chivakwa chakakomberedzwa nemakona marefu, uye kubva kune rumwe gungwa kusvika kune imwe nyoka "nyoka" nzira, iyo nhasi, yakatungamirirwa nayo. Kune rumwe rutivi rwamavirazuva, nhare yekare yeMasada neyekunze kwenyika yakabatana munzira yaive yakavakirwa pamurwi weRoma. Kureba kwemugwagwa inenge maminitsi makumi matatu.

Nhare yeMasada yakavakwa pamusoro pehomwe, iyo yakavezwa korona nepamusoro penzvimbo yakadzika uye yakaenzana nemamita 300 x 600 mamita. Yaiva pane iyi trapezoid nzvimbo iyo yaiva nesinagogi, imba yamambo pachayo, zvivigiro zvezvombo, zvivako zvebetsero, matanda okuunganidza uye kuchengetedza kwemavura emvura. Simba rine simba renhare rakakomberedza denga rakapoteredza nzvimbo. Kureba kwayo kwakakwana mamita 1400. Kureba kweimba yakakwirira kwakange kune mamita mana. Yakavakirwa pamusvingo we37.

Zviwanikwa zvezvinochera matongo

Uye nhasi munhare, vatashanyi vanogona kuona imba iyo Mambo Herodhi aivanda munguva dzehondo dzisingagumi nemhuri, sinagogi umo yaakanyengetera, zvidimbu zvezvinhu zvinoshamisa. Matangi emvura akacheka mumatombo, uye pamwe nekushisa kunopisa uye kunotonhora, kushamiswa nechinjini chavo. Asi kutsva kunotyisa, kutonga nemafungiro evanochera matongo nevanyori vezvakaitika kare, isinagogi. Iyo yakave yakagamuchirwa kwenguva refu kuti vaJudha havana kudikanwa kuva nayo nokuti vakange vane temberi. Zvisinei, izvi zvakawana kushamiswa nyanzvi. Ichokwadi ndechokuti nhare yeMasada yakavakwazve panguva apo Temberi yeChipiri yeJerusarema yakanga ichiripo , iyo yakadzorerwa naHerodhe pachake. Kunyange zvakadaro, kwaiva nesinagogi mairi. Iko kunofanira kutaurwa kuti zvakafanana zvakawanikwa zvakawanikwa pakati pematongo ehondo yekare Gamla. Ichi chaiva uchapupu hwekuti vaJudha vekare vakanga vasina mubvunzo wekuvapo kweSinagogi neTemberi.

Chronicle

Mugore ramakumi manomwe nemanomwe rezvinyorwa zvedu, vaRoma, vachidzivisa hurumende, vakakwanisa kubata nekuparadza Jerusarema. Zvisinei, pamusangano wokupedzisira wokukunda, vaifanira kutora nhare yeMasada, umo vashoma vapanduki vakapona. Zvingaita sokuti izvi hazvisi izvo zvinotyisa. Mushure mezvose, nhare yeMasada, yakange yakavakwa nemakona marefu uye rusvingo rwakakwirira, yakanga ichiri kuonekwa isingakanganwiki. Asi kupesana nevapanduki, avo vakaverengwa vanenge chiuru chevanhu, uye pamwe nevana nevakadzi, vakamira vane ruzivo uye, zvinokosha, hondo huru yevaRoma. Nokudaro, vakakomba vakakwanisa kukomba nhare. Sezvo akange akaparadzaniswa kumativi ake emisasa yakawanda yehondo, vaRoma vakatanga kuvaka dutu guru, raizova mugwagwa unoenda kunhare yakasimba.

Saka, vaRoma vakakomba nhare, vakaputsa masasa akawanda emisasa vakakomberedza ndokutanga kuvaka dutu guru kumadziro eimba. Yakanga isati yasvika kwete chete yekufambira mberi kwevana, asiwo yekutakura mabhomba emasipiresi, uyewo gondohwe. Mugumo wenhare yakasimbiswa. Vapanduki vakanga vasina nzvimbo yokumirira rubatsiro. Kuonekwa kweuto reRoma mukati memhare, kuparadzwa kwemasvingo aro negondohwe kwakatarisirwa mumaawa mashomanana anotevera. Asi vaJudha vanozvikudza, vasingadi kunyadziswa uye varanda, kusanganisira vana vavo, vakaenda kunhanho yakaoma zvikuru. Vadziviriri veimba yakasimba, vachifunga kuti havazosiyi vaRoma vasina zvipfeko, vakapisa zvinhu zvose muimba yakasimba. Vakasiya zvokudya chete nemvura, zvichiratidza mauto ekuti vakanga vasina kushaiwa kwezvokudya, asi vakasarudza kufa, vachida kufa pasina.

Ndicho chinyorwa chinotyisa chenhoroondo

Mushure mokudaro, majenya akaiswa pasi: gumi evarwi akasarudzwa akauraya vose avo vakanga vakavanda munhare panguva iyoyo, vose vari shamwari dzepedyo, uye vakadzi nevana, kusanganisira avo pachavo. Ipapo vakasarudza mumwe uyo, shure kwekuuraya vamwe vapfumbamwe, akazviuraya. Iyi peji inotyisa yezvinyorwa zvenhare yakakurumbira yekare yakatorwa munguva yedu naJosephus Flavius, pakanyorera pamusoro payo mubhuku rainzi "The Jewish War". Iye, kuvimba nenyaya dzevakadzi vaviri nevana vanoverengeka vakakwanisa kuvanza mubako uyezve vachitaura pamusoro pezvakaitika, vakataura chokwadi zvese zvakataurwa nezvapupu. Kuvimbika kwenyaya yake kwakagadziridzwawo nezvakawanikwa zvekuchera matongo - mahwendefa mazhinji mazita ayo avo vakapinda muchikwata ichi chekufa zvakanyorwa. Mukuwedzera, kwakapoteredza nhare kusvikira zuva ranhasi yakachengetedzwa uye matongo emisasa, yakundwa nevakuru veRoma.

Masada nhasi

Nhasi, kukwira kune ichi chinzvimbo, icho chinosanganiswa munharaunda ipi zvayo yekuona nzvimbo yeIsraeli, unogona nekambani yemotokari yakavakwa nayo. Mutengo werwendo uine madhora makumi maviri. Vakashinga uye vanyengeri yekukunda zvipingamupinyi vanogona kusvika kunhare sezvinoitwa "nyoka" kubva kuGungwa Rakafa, uye yakavakwa navaRoma munguva yakakurumbira kukombwa kwepasi. Zvisinei, vazhinji vatashanyi vachiri kusarudza kabha yemotokari.

Ruzivo rwevashanyi

Kupakira motokari kunorongwa pasi pe "nyoka" nzira. Ikokowo inoshandisa nzvimbo yebazi, apo vatashanisi vanogona kutenga matikiti ekupinda muimba yakasimba, pamwe nekukwira mari. Pano panewo musamuti umo zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa panguva dzekuchera matongo zvakanyorwa. Mumamiriro okunze akanaka, nhare yeMasada inosvika paimba yekoni, umo mimhanzi inonzwika uye tsika dzechiitiko dzinoitika.