Akaita sei Internet. A Nhoroondo shoma

Mumwe nemumwe wedu kanenge kamwe, apo kuverenga mae-mail kana kudzidza migumisiro rakatevera kutsvaka mubvunzo, Ndainetseka kuti Internet aiva. Zvechokwadi, akanga ari kutanga ino huru, iyo nhasi hapana chaicho hondo.

Kufanana nevamwe ruzivo uye zvakagadzirwa zhinji, Internet yakabuda muura vemauto nzvimbo, kureva - nePentagon. Kuti ave nechokwadi utano makombiyuta ari huye hondo yenyukireya kana zvimwe muchiuto nharo, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti vave negadziriro itsva. Kuti aite basa iri mukupera 50-ies wekupedzisira remakore rakavambwa DAPRA - nesangano kuronga-refu kutsvakurudza uye kukura (Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency). Rakanga mavambo pane entwine "web".

Kudzidza mabhuku akasiyana-siyana pamusoro sei paIndaneti zvakanga zvakaoma kupa mhinduro chaicho, kuti ave kutanga chaiyo. Tanga yokungotaura kuitika? Tanga basa iri nokuisa rokutanga waya papi? Yokutanga kubudirira chechikamu?

Kwemakore akawanda Internet pamberi yaiva kwayo kwakajairika Mupfungwa, akakurukura pfungwa achitumira mashoko Via imwe nzira rezvebonde kana packet nokuchinja. Mumakore 60 remakore rechi20, masayendisiti akawanda, pasina mumwe, ndiye pfungwa akagovera network. Pakati pavo: vokuAmerica Joseph Licklider uye Paul Baran (sezvineiwo, yechiUkraine pakuberekwa), imwe wokuEngland Donald Davis. Licklider muna 61 fung gore akabudisa manotsi ake, izvo anovandudza pfungwa yose network, izvo zvichaita kuti vanhu vose vawane mashoko chero kombiyuta. Baran anotanga pfungwa imwe "pasuru", uye Davis vakataura kudiwa maitiro nodes kwete chete zvinoparadzira asiwo kuchinjwa mashoko.

Kutanga rurefu

Muna 1969, yokutanga kuedza kuti interconnect kombiyuta 4 2 vaitungamirira mumayunivhesiti rakanyorwa (3 vavo vari UC, uye 1 - Stanford), munzvimbo dzokuzororera dzaiva nevanhu makiromita anopfuura mazana mashanu. Yokutanga kubudirira chechikamu Data pakati 2 makombiyuta muna October. 10/29/1969 22:30 - Ndizvo chete nemifananidzo iyi, nhoroondo Internet samambure ratanga.

Panguva rokutanga basa rave apedza $ 1 miriyoni .. Kugadzirira zvokushandisa kutanga chirongwa chitsva rinonzi APRANET, kunze basa kuisa waya pakati pamaguta munyaya kambani BNN. Mumwe vashandi wekambani ino akati: "Handizivi kuti ani nokusingaperi ungafanira nomumbure akadaro."

Nokufamba kwenguva iri APRAnet akadururira makombiyuta nezvimwe tsvakurudzo ne mumayunivhesiti of America. Panguva iyi, zviri zvikuru musoro kusawirirana dambudziko uye "mismatched" software, izvo zvakaita kuti zvisabvira uchatamisa ruzivo. Zvakafanana musiyano akaita kudikanwe kusikwa rakabatana date hurongwa. Somugumisiro, Developers kupa rakabatana remataurirwo kuparadzira data, vakagamuchira zita Protocol. Rakava wokutanga munhoroondo IP (Internet Protocol). Pasinei zvinokosha kururama nokubata mashoko, hakuna akarasika kuenderana nhasi. Sezvo rudzi controller kuponesa Data mumabhatiri nokupfuuridzirwa, akakurukura kuti TCP (Transmission Control Protocol).

All zvatinosiita zita "Internet" samambure wakagamuchira 1974. Dzibate izwi iri bvumidzwa vari kuAmerica Vinton Cerf uye Bob Kahn.

Kubva nguva kuti akazviratidza online, muna isingasviki pahafu remakore, asi ndizvo vanyura upenyu hwemazuva womunhu, kuti vakawanda rava chete zivo uye ruzivo. Unogona gakava nokusingaperi pamusoro wayo kana kubatsira kukuvadza, asi kana uri kuverenga izvi, ipapo muri pamusoro pemambure.