Inert nyaya biosphere

Earth - rakasiyana gadziriro zvinosanganisira kunzwisisa dzinotevedzana Links, nguva dzose Evolving, interconnected uye dzitsigirane. Kwemazana emakore anoverengeka, dzomunyika uye kwokunze marongerwo Nyika ndiyo chinhu mubereko uye pfungwa masayendisiti munyika yose. Akazarura kwezvakatipoteredza hamvuropu yepasi, kana kuti biosphere, zvava chaiye musayenzi budiriro munyaya iyi kutsvakurudza. Mupiro kukosha kuti kupedza ane nyaya uye aiva nehanya dzidziso Russian Academician Vernadsky pamusoro zvipenyu uye basa zvipenyu uye nyaya zvisina upenyu mune shanduka edu nyika.

Biosphere uye inert nyaya

Biosphere aiita Vernadskii kubatana sokuti akasiyana zvachose kumushora zvinhu - mhenyu uye "vasiri kurarama" i.e. vawane. Kurarama nyaya zvipenyu vanogadzira Nyika zvachose ayo zvese. A inert fuma - ichi riri paumbwe zvipenyu izvo havabatanidzwi. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvicherwa zvakawanda inorganic mavambo, dzakadai mabwe anokosha uye nesimbi, deposits esimbi esimbi, matombo, vakaumba zvinhu uye anodawo choutsi zvino erupting anoputika. At moyo ichi inert nyaya biosphere ane nesilicon remubatanidzwa uye zvinosanganisira pumice ibwe, girenayiti uye nevamwe. Of kuputika dota tuff rakaumbwa - dombo chete.

Mvura, sezvo tichiziva, ndiye tsime roupenyu. Zvisinei, mumwe kutsunga kudaro, maererano Vernadskii inogona kunzi dzinongoitika mvura manyuko - nyanza, makungwa, nzizi, makungwa. Asi meltwater uye mvura - rinokosha inert fuma.

Mukuwedzera vapenyu uye inert fuma iri Kuronga biosphere uye dzinounzwa biokosnyh - rudzi chigadzirwa kwaitwa zvipenyu zviri zvisina upenyu zvakasikwa. Izvi okumusoro akaturikidzana ivhu, mamiriro uye zvivako zvacho shanduko somugumisiro zvinokosha webasa vanhu nemhuka, mhepo uye mvura panyika, nguva dzose zviri utachiona nemunhu.

nemamiriro biosphere

Saka, biosphere paNyika rinonzi hamvuropu iri nyika, rine zvose kusiyana yacho mhenyu, uye kuti chikamu yemapuraneti nyaya kuti iri kugara interacts nyaya. Biosphere inoumbwa pasi zvomumhepo, iyo hydrosphere rinoburitsa zvose, uyewo rokumusoro chikamu lithosphere. miganhu yayo kuvimba zvezvakatipoteredza zvikonzero pamusoro, uye kunyanya vaya kuti vanoumba yakanaka zvakatipoteredza kuvapo zvipenyu. Yokumusoro ngaasungirire riri imwe nekukwirira anenge 20 chete kubva pepasi. Kunze ndiko ozone. Its chikuru basa - kwete kurega zuva ultraviolet mwaranzi, izvo regai kukanganisa inert fuma, asi zvinouraya mupenyu. It anotevera kuti zvinhu zvipenyu kana zvinenge kunogona chisingakuvadzi troposphere uchingodzikira stratosphere. Hydrosphere iripo rokugaramo pedyo zvakakwana guru kudzika - 10-11 makiromita, kureva anenge zvose mumakungwa - guru tsime roupenyu. The lithosphere dzakasiyana-siyana muupenyu siyana anowanikwa pachiso kuti kudzika anenge matatu nehafu vanomwe nehafu makiromita. It yaiitwa parameters izvi runodiwa nhamba tembiricha uye ivhu mvura Kuwanikwa iri mushonga uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. mamiriro. At mukuru pakadzika pane kare chete inert nyaya. Kunyange zvazvo vakawanda nyaya kurarama biosphere sechinhu chikamu kudzika zvikuru kupfuura inert, kuti ndicho chikuru kutyaira nesimba geochemical pezvakaitwa Panyika. Panobva simba rinodiwa kuti muviri, uyewo zvinhu pachavo munyaya nezvebasa zvipenyu, rava zvakatipoteredza. Panguva iyoyowo, dzimwe mhando pakurarama yacho rusununguko dzokubereka kushanda convert akoromoke basa (manyowa, kukamurwa). Somugumisiro, maererano masayendisiti, vanenge 10% of biomass iri akapora zvakasikwa, ari kuburitswa.

Chinangwa chadzo pamusoro biosphere

Maererano Vernadskii nevateveri vake biosphere kushanda vari, chokutanga, kuti kupa kugara kutenderera kwemakemikari zvinhu kuti tenderedza pakati zvipenyu, hydrosphere uye ivhu mhepo. Chechipiri, mhindumupindu wenyika biosphere wakanaka muenzaniso pedyo kusakarongeka pakati zvinokosha: Nyika sezvo muviri yokudenga, zvemakemikari uye Geological pezvakaitwa munyika, chaivo-shanduka kwenyaya mupenyu uye kukura munzanga yevanhu.