Akasvinudza Dutch aiongorora Abel Tasman? Mupiro Abel Tasman mu jogirafi

Tasman Abel Yanszon akakurumbira Dutch aiongorora, akawana New Zealand, Fiji Islands uye Bismarck, uyewo mamwe zvitsuwa zviduku zvakawanda. Zvinonzi zita pashure Tasmania chitsuwa, yaiva kumaodzanyemba Australia, waiva wokutanga nokusingaperi kushanyira kuna Abel Tasman. Izvozvo akavhura yakakurumbira mufambi, uye apo akanga - verenga nezvazvo ichi acho.

Chakavanzika Nezvekwakabva aidzidzisa

Kutaura zvazviri, ndakafunga Abel Tasman anozivikanwa kwete zvikuru, kanenge, panguva kurasa dzekare, pane zvinyorwa zvishomanana kuti kujekesa Biography chake. Pakati zvinowanikwa zvinyorwa, pane Blog rwendo 1642-1643 gg., Rakanyorwa yake ruoko, uye vamwe tsamba dzake. Kana musi kuberekwa seafarer, inozivikanwa gore rimwe chete - 1603. The nzvimbo Kuberekwa Tasman pakuzivikanwa chete muna 1845, apo Dutch yamabhuku vachaita, akambochera vakanga akawanikwa 1657 - anofungidzirwa nayo Lyutgegast musha, iri chiDutch muruwa yeGroningen.

Uyewo, hapana zvakawanda zvinozivikanwa pamusoro vabereki vake mukwasvi, asi kuti baba vake, anofungidzirwa ainzi Jans, somunhu pakati zita Abel Yanszon kuchikosha "Jansa mwanakomana." Where Tasman akadzidziswa, akava wechikepe - musi uyu sezvo pasina ruzivo. Zvimwe asati ava namakore makumi matatu, haana kugara zvinzvimbo, asi Abel Tasman chaienda pamvura European ainyanya asingakwanisi.

Kutamira kune Dutch East Indies

Muna 1633 (maererano neimwe shanduro - muna 1634) ndiye Dutch kuzvikepe akasiya Europe uye akaenda East Indies, aichimbova panguva Dutch yaitongwa. Ikoko Abel Tasman akashanda se Kaputeni zvikepe zvevaPolish Dutch East India Company, kuwana ruzivo uye zvakashanda zvakanaka, sezvo mangwanani sezvo 1638, akagadzwa mukuru "Angel" mudziyo.

Tasmania aifanira kudzokera Holland, uko chibvumirano itsva kambani kwemakore gumi. Kuwedzera India, akadzoka aine mudzimai, pamusoro zvishoma zvinozivikanwa. Vane mwanasikana, uyo kwemakore akawanda aigara nababa vake kuBatavia (yava Jakarta), uye ipapo akaroorwa uye takatamira Europe.

Treasure Hunt

Pakati Spanish uye Dutch vatsvakurudzi kare Legends pamusoro inoshamisa, akapfuma nesimbi inokosha Islands Rico of Plata of Oro uye Puerto Rico, izvo zvinoreva kuti "akapfuma sirivha" uye "ndarama-vapfumi", inonzi iri penyanza kumabvazuva Japan. Anthony Van Diemen, iyoyo Gavhuna-General muEast India, aida kuwana pazvitsuwa izvi. Mukutsvaka kwadzo zvikepe zviviri, uwandu vaunoshanda chakanga 90 vaiva nezvombo. Ngarava "Pinzanisai" akatungamirirwa Abel Tasman.

June 2, 1639 zvikepe kubva chiteshi pana kuBatavia uye kumugwagwa Japan. Kuwedzera huru basa kunorwa akanga chinetso chiduku. Somuenzaniso, muna Philippines kwakaitwa kuti kuchinja mepu iri nharaunda, mukuwedzera, vafambisi aiva nemhanza kuvhura zvitsuwa zvinoverengeka itsva Bonin Islands. Vakatarirwawo akarayira kuti vashambadzirane pamwe zvemo vanhu nzvimbo vachagara kushanyira. Vakaramba kufamba inozoshandisirwa divi, asi nokukurumidza zvikepe nechirwere payakatanga, zvichiguma rwendo akamanikidzwa kudzoka. Zvisinei, Abel Tasman, makore oupenyu iyo, uye makuru, akapfuura zvisingaperi Reisen, uye nguva ino haana kutambisa nguva panzira shure, apo kuramba kuita tsvakurudzo pamusoro zvomumvura expanses.

New kufamba - njodzi itsva

The rwendo vakadzokera kuBatavia February 19, ra1640. Abel Tasman rwendo haana kubudirira zvachose, Zvaakapindura vashandi akapona vanhu vanomwe chete vakanga vasara, uye nhumbi kupinza zvinhu hazvina kugutsikana kuti Van Diemen kuti Land, nekuti zvakanga zvisingaiti wokuwana pfuma chacho inoshamisa. Kunyange zvakadaro, gavhuna vaisagona kuongorora mano Abel Tasman, uye kubva ipapo iye kakawanda akatuma munzvimbo dzakasiyana-kushambira.

Muvhiki basa kuTaiwan rengarava Akabata dutu rakasimba rikanyura anenge zvose zvikepe. Tasmania chishamiso akakwanisa kutiza pamusoro chete asara flagship, asi tarisiro akanga asina hwakanaka, nokuti chikepe haawanzotauri kuchengeta yerera: rechikepe uye vakasunungura akavhuniwa, uye munhare rwakanga ruzere nemvura. Asi mugumo akanga akaponesa Mukwasvi sezvo wotaura swims pedyo Dutch chikepe.

Kugadzirira itsva rakakura rwendo

The Dutch East India Company richikura ayo simba nguva nenguva kuronga itsva nzendo. Panyaya iyi, naGavhuna-General Van Diemen muna 1642 yakanyatsoiswa rimwe rwendo, ane chinangwa chaiva kudzidza kumaodzanyemba Indian Ocean, uye kuwana itsva gungwa pakutengeserana. Rakanga tasked kuwana kuSolomon Islands, zvichiteverwa nechikepe kumabvazuva kunotsvaka Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri nzira kuna Chile. Uyezve, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti azive hurukuro kwesango nyika, iyo yakawanikwa aiongorora Willem Yanszon mukuvamba XVII remakore.

Panguva iyoyo, Dutch aidzidzisa kukurukurwa rinenge zvikuru unyanzvi aidzidzisa East India, hazvishamisi kuti mutungamiri yakadaro inokosha akagadzwa nokuda kambani Abel Tasman rwendo. Chii akaona panguva rwendo? Tasman Izvi akanyora zvakadzama dhayari yake.

Kuwanikwa Tasmania

The rwendo, August 14, 1642 yakabudiswa muna kuBatavia, 110 vanhu muchirongwa. The chikwata aifanira nechikepe pamusoro zvikepe zviviri: kuti flagship "Hemsmerke" uye-masted matatu "Zeehane" misha 60 uye 100 matani, ukuwo. Maererano uchapupu Tasman, zvikepe zvakanga vafambisi vaifanira kuenda parwendo, vakanga vasiri mumamiriro ezvinhu akanyatsonaka, saka aiziva kuti ngarava idzi angangotadza kuyambuka Pacific uye kusvika kumhenderekedzo Chile.

Abel Tasman asarudza basa kudzidza kumaodzanyemba Indian Ocean, izvo vakaenda kuchitsuwa kuMauritius, kumabvazuva Africa zvakawanda, uye kubva ipapo rikabuda kumaodzanyemba, uye ipapo, richisvika 49 ° rwezasi Latitude, ndokunanga kumabvazuva. Zvisinei Tasmania,, anozviti chiDutch kuzvikepe akaritumidza Van Diemen raMwari Land, pashure mubati East Indies dzaidzorwa - Naizvozvo akatambanudza nemahombekombe chitsuwa, iyo gare gare ainzi namarudzi akawana.

Akaramba swimming nebudiriro itsva

The rwendo akaramba swimming uye kutamira ari easterly mirayiridzo, rakatenderedzwa richangobva yakawanikwa munyika pamwe yokumaodzanyemba. Saka Abheri Tasman asvika kumadokero kwemhenderekedzo New Zealand, iyo zvino atora pamusoro Earth US (zvino yomuStaten Island, iri kure kumaodzanyemba yezasi Latin America). Vafambi aoma Akaongorora mhenderekedzo New Zealand, pashure mukuru akawana kuti nyika pachena havasi kuSolomon Islands, akasarudza kudzokera kuBatavia.

Tasman wakatuma ngarava rwokumusoro rwendo. Kudzoka aifanira kuvhura zvitsuwa itsva dzakawanda, kusanganisira Fiji. Zviya, vatsvakurudzi European akauya pano chete pashure makore 130. Zvinofadza Tasman nechikepe pfupi pedyo Solomon Islands, zvaakanga akaudzwa kunotsvaka, asi nekuda murombo maonero ari rwendo asina kumbozviona.

Dzokerai kuBatavia. Preparation inotevera rwendo

Ngarava 'Hemsmerk "uye" Zeehan "vakadzokera kuBatavia June 15, 1643. Sezvo rwendo haana kuuya chero mari, uye mukuru haana kuzadzisa mabasa ayo ose, basa iri East India Company yose yakanga kugutsikana nemigumisiro nokushambira, iyo yakapiwa Abel Tasman. Yawanikwa Van Diemen raMwari Land, zvisinei, zvakafadza pamwe gavhuna, uyo aiva nechido, aidavira kuti hakuna akarasika, uye kare kufunga kutumira rwendo itsva.

nguva ino, aifarira New Guinea, iyo, akatenda, akanga munokosha zvakasimba kuongorora kuti chicherwa mari. Gavhuna akanga akatsunga kuva nzira pakati New Guinea, uye ichangobva kuwanikwa Van Diemen raMwari Land, saka akabva atotanga kuronga rwendo itsva, rinotungamirirwa vakagadzwa Tasman.

Kudzidza kuchamhembe kweAustralia

On rwendo iri Dutch aidzidzisa, zvishoma zvinozivikanwa, sezvo chete zvinopa uchapupu nezvazvo - tsamba iyi motokari Diemen, yakanyorerwa East India Company, uye, chaizvoizvo, mepu vauye Tasman. Navigator vakakwanisa kuronga hwakadzama map kupfuura uye zvitatu nehafu chiuru. Km kuchamhembe kwemhenderekedzo Australia, uye ichi chaiva chiratidzo chokuti nyika ino ndiyo yakaoma.

The rwendo vakadzokera kuBatavia 4 August muna 1644. Kunyange zvazvo East India Company, uye nguva ino haana kuwana chinhu unotiranga zvemashoko aidzidzisa pasina mubvunzo, sezvo Abel Tasman mupiro guru kudzidza anorondedzera kondinendi wokumaodzanyemba, nokuti muna May 1645 akanga paakavapa pachinzvimbo chevatatu Mutungamiriri. Uyezve, akagamuchira chepamusoro uye akabatana Council of Justice pamusoro kuBatavia.

kuchinja mufambi

Pasinei chinzvimbo itsva, iyo vakatora Tasman, uyewo ayo mabasa uye mabasa, achiri nguva nenguva akaenda rwendo kure. Saka, muna 1645-1646 gg. Aiitawo kunorwa kusvikira Malay Archipelago, muna 1647 nechikepe siam (zvino Thailand), uye muna 1648-1649 - kuPhilippines.

Abel Tasman, ane Biography izere zvose zvemarudzi adventures, muna 1653, akasiya. Akagara kuBatavia, uko akaroorwa kechipiri, asi mudzimai wake wechipiri chiri asina kuzivikanwa yokutanga. Pashure kurarama akanyarara uye rugare upenyu kusvika makore 56 okuberekwa, Tasman akafa muna a1659.

Chimwe chiitiko chakaitika munguva imwe zhinji Reisen

The Tasman Blog pane yakawanda zvinyorwa zvakasiyana, kutiudza pamusoro rwendo 1642-1643 gg. Varipi yeDutch mukana kuitawo mufambi. Mumwe nyaya, yakanyorwa kwavari, anotaura nezve chiitiko chakaitika pane vamwe chitsuwa chiduku pamusoro izvo zvakanga zvakakodzera kuzoshanyira vafambisi.

Zvakangoitikawo kuti vamwe chizvarwa akapfura museve yakananga vanosvika mukaremadza mumwe wevarume. Veko anogona achitya kutsamwa vanhu zvikepe vakauya chaikonzera kuti chikepe uye aderedzwa vatsva. Zvichida vakafunga kuti vafambisi yakagadzirisa yavo muite tribesman Zvisinei, ruzhinji vakararama panguva yake Tasman, zvichida angadai akaita saizvozvo. Asi Abel Tasman akaratidza kuva tsitsi, uyo aiitawo kuti yeruramisiro, saka iye ndirege musungwa wake.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti vafambisi vakanga omurume wacho Tasman, airemekedzwa uye aikoshesa kwaari, uye izvi hazvishamisi, nokuti nyaya iyi ine chizvarwa muite, tinogona kugumisa kuti aiva murume akakodzera. Uyezve, akanga ane ruzivo aidzidzisa uye nyanzvi mumunda make, saka vafambisi vakavimba naye.

mhedziso

Sezvo rwendo ari Dutch aidzidzisa kudzidzwa wokutanga guru vokuAustralia zhinji, uye Oceania, mupiro Abel Tasman mu jogirafi haagoni dzakanaka. mabasa ake chakakonzera kuti chinokosha vapfume pakati mepu iyoyo, saka Tasman ndeimwe mapiyona unonyanyokosha XVII remakore.

The State Archives of Netherlands, iri The Hague, wakachengeta chinokosha kuti nhoroondo dhayari, iro Tasman pachake yazara panguva imwe nzendo. Zviri guru zvemarudzi ose mashoko uye mifananidzo inoratidza kuvapo wechikepe chaizvo unyanzvi tarenda. The azere Rugwaro pamusoro dhayari yakatanga kubudiswa muna 1860 ne compatriot Tasman Jacob Schwartz. Zvinosuruvarisa masayendisiti achiri kugona kuwana yepakutanga logbook pamwe zvikepe izvo dzaitakura Tasman.

Tasmania - handiyo chete nenzvimbo sangano rine zita raro yakakurumbira akawana. Pane zita pashure Abel Tasman, tinogona kusiyanisa gungwa, yaiva pakati Australia uye New Zealand, uyewo boka zvitsuwa duku riri yePacific Ocean.