Alexander Alekhin: mapato, photo, biography

Alexander Aleksandrovich Alekhin ndiye chess theoretic theorist, 4th chess champion muzvenhau zvenyika, chiremba wemutemo uye munhu anonakidza ane njodzi yakajeka. Upenyu hwaArekizandro Alexandrovich hwakange husiri nyore, hwaiva hwakazara nezviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana. Akapona muhondo, akatambura kupfuura ronda rimwe chete, akashumira izwi risina kukodzera mujeri, akapukunyuka kuparadzwa uye akachinja nyika dzakawanda.

Mushure memakore mazhinji kubva pazuva rokufa kwake, mambo wechina we chess achiri chimwe chevanhu vasingatauri munyika-vanopikisa. Masangano akabatwa naye aive akakurumbira pamagadzirirwo awo akaoma ekubatana. Kubva pakatarisa zvikoro zvechechi chess, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Alekhine aiva muteveri waMikhail Chigorin uye mutevedzeri wakakwana kuna Jose Capablanca, uyo akatangira iye pachigaro chekutamba. Sezvo munhu asingakwanisi kunzwisisa chinzvimbo cheAA Alekhin pamusoro pemutambo wemutambo wakaratidzwa nemazwi ayo anonyatsobatanidza nzira nemaitiro, nzvimbo uye kusanganiswa, nesayenzi nemano, apo ichiedza kugutsa zvinodiwa kune imwe nzvimbo yakanyorwa.

Alexander Alekhin mutambi we chess. Nhoroondo yemukuru wechikoro kubva pakuberekwa kusvika pakukura

Muna Gumiguru 1892, mumhuri yemutungamiri akakurumbira Alexander Ivanovich Alekhin uye mukunda wevashandi vemucheka Anisya Prokhorova, mwanakomana akaberekwa, akatumidzwa zita rababa vake. Muna 1901, Alekhine, Jr. akazova mudzidzi wekirasi yepamitambo yaiitwa zita raLI Polivanov kuMoscow. Sezvo akachigadzirisa kubudirira, Sasha ane tarenda muna 1910 anopfuurira miedzo yekupinda muChikoro cheMutemo muguta iri kuNeva, apo, pashure pokunge apedza kudzidza, anozova muridzi wemuridzi wepamusoro kumutungamiriri.

Kubudirira kwekutanga mumutambo we chess

Alyokhin Alexander Alexandrovich akatanga kubatanidzwa ne chess kubva kune makore manomwe, haana kungotamba mutambo nevemumhuri yake, asi akabatanidzwawo mune zvakawanda zvezvenyanzvi dzemakwikwi. Chirangaridzo chegumi nemasere chemukomana uyu chakanga chichionekwa nekutamba kwechikwata che All-Russian chakakumikidzwa kuti chiyeuke Mikhail Chigorin. Makore mashanu gare gare muna 1914 Alekhine akatora nzvimbo yechitatu mumutambo wemakwikwi, izvo zvinobva zvaita kuti ave mubatanidzi mukuru wehesi yenyika.

Alexander Alekhine (biography). Nguva yehondo, kudzvinyirira

Hondo yacho yakaunza Alexander Alexandrovich vanga, kupesana, Mutemo weSt. Svyatoslav neminondo uye mbiri dzeMedric George.

Kutambudzika kwechechi chess yaiva muna 1919. Munguva yekushanya kweUkraine Alekhine akasungwa ndokutongerwa mhosva yekutaurirana neVa White Guards kuti vaurayiwe. Akakwanisa kupukunyuka kuurayiwa uye mujeri kwenguva chete nekuda kwekumbiro kwaKh G. Rakovsky, uyo panguva iyoyo aive sachigaro weCommunity of People's Commissars of Ukraine. Mugore iroro gore ra1919, mutungamiriri wemunguva yemberi akabudirira kupedza miedzo yekupinda muHurumende Studio yeCinema, asi, mushure mekunge asati apedza zvidzidzo zvake ikoko, muna 1920 akazova mushandi webazi guru rekutsvakurudza mhosva yehurumende, uye muchikwata chakagadziriswa semuturikiri weCommintern. Kubudirira mumunda webasa uye zvekudzidzisa Alekhin Alexander Alexandrovich anowanzobudirira pamwe nekutamba, uye nokukurumidza anokunda musoro we chess champion Soviet Russia. Chess player haasiwo unoregererwa nevakadzi, hupenyu hwake hwepachivande hunofungira. Muna 1921 Alyokhin akatora mutungamiri weSwitzerland anonzi Anne-Lisa Ryugg mumudzimai wake, uye, kunyange zvazvo kuroorana kwaisava kwenguva yakareba, ndiye akanga ari mupiro wakanaka pakuchinja kwekupedzisira kweAlekhin. 1921 - uyu ndiro gore apo AA Alekhin anobva kuRussia.

Nguva yedzimwe nyika. Zvinyorwa uye zvinopinda

Kwenguva pfupi kubva muna 1921 kusvika muna 1927 Alekhine Alexander Alexandrovich anokwanisa kutora chikamu mumakwikwi makumi maviri nematanhatu, 14 ayo anova kukunda kwaari. Izvo zvinonyanya kukosha ndezvikurwisana zvinotevera panguva ino: 1922 - Mutambo weHastings, 1925 - Baden-Baden, 1927 - Kecskemet.

Alexandre Alexandrovich Alekhin, mutsigiri weRussia asina kushandiswa, akanga ari nyanzvi yezvidzidzo. Ndiye iye akazova muvambi we chess kutanga 1 (e4 kf6), iyo inotevera ichazonzi "inonzi" Alekhin's Defense ".

1924 - 1925 makore akazova chess player dzimwe nguva kukundwa nenzira isina ruzivo muzvigadziro zvezvikamu zvekufanana panguva yemutambo. Muna 1924 Alexander Alekhine (chess player) akarova New York, mune dzose, mapoka makumi maviri nemaviri akabatwa, 16 ayo akazova akakunda kwaari, uye 5 akapera mumutezo. Muna 1925, Grandmaster akakunda Paris netarenda yake: 27 mavhisi akabatwa, makumi maviri nemaviri akakundwa uye 3 akasungirirwa.

Mukuwedzera kune kukunda kusinganzwisisiki muParis, 1925 yakave yakanyorwa kuna Alexander Aleksandrovich nokuwana paS Sorbonne chiremba wezvesayenzi wezvemitemo.

Triumph yaAlexander Alekhine pamusoro paJose Capablanca

Absolute mhare yenyika AA Alekhin akava muna 1927, paakakunda muBuenos Aires kukunda muCuban Jose Capablanca.

Pakazara, mitambo 34 yakatambidzwa, iyo Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Alekhin (mapato uye maitiro avo akapararira munyika yose) akawana muna 25, uye 5 awo akapera mumutezo. Muna 1931, chess player, akakunda musoro weakakunda muYugoslavia mumutambo wenyika yose, yakagadzira zvinyorwa zvisingaverengeki panguva yose ye chess iripo.

Mukunda anokunda

Kune zviitiko zvizhinji apo mapato eAlexandro Alekhin akaita kuti vanhu vanyatsosununguka munyika yose chess. Munguva yemutambo, iye nemaune akaita zvikanganiso, achivhuna chikamu chakanga chava chekutanga. Semuenzaniso, mumutambo unozivikanwa wechitanhatu neEuwe mumutambo wechipiri muna 1937 mushure mekuda 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.Nc3 dxc4 4.e4 e5 pane 5. Kana 3 akasiya bhiza asina kudzivirirwa (5.Bxc4 exd4 6.Nf3 ).

Euwe akashamiswa zvikuru uye akashamisika kuti akakurumidza kukanganisa uye akakurumidza kuparara. Muna 1935, M. Eyve akadana chess mucheteri kune dhesi yenhare yenyika, mumutambo pamwe naye Alekhin AA. Yakarasikirwa 1 pfungwa, asi muna 1937 haana kungomudzorera kune imwe chete, asi zvakare akagadziriswa nekusiyana kwemashoko mashanu. Saka Alekhine akawana zvakare zita re world chess king.

AA Alekhin - wekutanga chess-player anotarisa

Alexander Aleksandrovich Alekhin ndiye mutungamiri wekutanga wezvenyanzvi kuti aite rwendo rwepasi. Rwendo rwake rwakave kubva 10.09.1932 kusvika 20.05.1933. Kwemwedzi gumi nemutungamiriri anoremekedzwa nekuvapo kwake 15 anoti: Mexico, Ceylon, Cuba, Shanghai, Philippines, USA, Egypt, Hawaii, Palestine, Japan, Italy, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Singapore neIndonesia. Pamwe mapoka 1320 akabatwa, kuhwina - 1165, kurasika - 65.

Warfare

Muna 1940, mushanduri-munyori weuto reFrance Alekhine Alexander Aleksandrovich, uyo ane chinyorwa chinogona kuonekwa munyaya ino, anotorwa musungwa, kubva kwaakanunurwa mushure mokunge vaFrance vopa.

Isina kutaridzwa. Eternal Champion

Munguva yehupenyu hwake, mambo wechina akakundwa we chess akapinda mumakwikwi makumi mapfumbamwe nematatu, makumi matanhatu nematanhatu akave achikunda; Mumitambo 23, iyo 17 yadzo yakanga yakakundawo kwaari, 4 yakaguma mumutezo. Muna March 1946 Alyokhin akadanwa kuduel nemhare ye USSR Botvinnik. Alexandre Alexandrovich akabvumirana, asi hondo haina kumboitika pamusoro pekufa kamwe-kamwe kwemukuru chess player. Vakawana vakafa musi waMarch 24 muimba yeEstoril Park-Hotel pedyo neLisbon. Kutonga nemamiriro acho, manheru manheru kufa kwemukuru mukuru nemumwe munhu kuti adye. Mafungiro pamusoro pezvikonzero zvinokonzera njodzi akanga akasiyana, asi vazhinji vanoyemura chess player vaitenda kuti chekists vaibatanidza zvakananga nekufa kwake. Mufaro weAlyokhin wakaitwa muEstoril, asi muna 1956 kudzorerwa kwake kwakagadzirirwa muParis pamakuva eMontparnasse. Pamusoro peguva re marble chess player rakanyorwa kuti iye chess genius yemasimba maviri makuru eFrance neRussia. Akafa, achienderera mberi kuchengeta zita re chess mambo, uyo asina kumbokwanisa kuve mambo.

Muna 1965, muteveri weAA Alekhin AA Kotov akabudisa bhuku pamusoro pehupenyu hwemukuru weRussia chess "White and Black". Muna 1980, hupenyu hwomukuru weRussia chess hwakanga husingafadzi mufirimu "White Snow yeRussia", iyo yakabviswa pamusana pebhuku rinotaurwa pamusoro apa. Alexander Alekhine - murume uyo acharamba ari mumoyo yevanhu vomunyika yake kwemazana emakore, nokuti kushanda kwake kunyika yekwake kunokosha.