Alisher Navoi: Biography ane hunoshamisa mufananidzo

Pane zvakawanda ngano pamusoro nyika yakakurumbira nyanduri, ane zita Alisher Navoi. Biography yake izere ngano-siyana, asi tichaedza kwadziri muuye vamwe zvakajeka munyaya hwake.

kuti nzvimbo yechizvarirwo Nyanduri guru

Navoi akaberekwa muguta rekare Herat (zvino. Afghanistan) muna 1441, panguva nokuberekwa kwake christened zita Nizamiddin Mir Alisher. Vanyori venhau dzakaitika zvichiri kuuya pfungwa yakarurama kwayo zvitupa: Vamwe vanoti Barlas kana Chagatai, vamwe - Uzbek kana Uighur. Asi kungotaura kuti mavambo ndezvenguva Turkic avanhu. Izvi runoratidzwa, kuwedzera endima shamwari yake yepedyo Abdurahmana Dzhami (iyo inoti "kunyange ndakanga Persian uye iye Zimbabwe Turk, taiva shamwari dzepamwoyo"), ake pachake zvinyorwa, umo akanyora kuti vanhu yake - a Zimbabwe Turk. Munguva Soviet, Alisher Navoi aiitirwa yakanyatsoenzana mudetembi Uzbek uye anofunga.

saka mhuri

mhuri nyanduri akanga akapfuma chaizvo, baba vake aiva munhu akakurumbira mukuru muruvazhe Timurid uye sekuru vake - nyanduri. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kubvira pauduku Alisher Navoi (ane Biography hunonyatsobatana kuruzhinji Kutarisirwa), akanyora nhetembo nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana. With 1466 musi 1469 makore mudetembi muduku akararama uye anodzidzwa Samarkand, akadzidzisa kwechinguvana madrassahs uye vakatsigira mumwe yotunga nyanduri kana musayendisiti.

Alisher Navoi: Biography

Nhamba Great vaiva Sufi Order akatendeka (Naqshbandi), uyo zvasiya upenyu zvenyika (Fanny - the impermanence upenyu) uye saka Haumbomuki mhuri. Kufanana chero nhengo Holy Order, Alisher Navoi (vane nhetembo kutsanangura izvi, somuenzaniso, "Lisunov UT-tayir") aidavira kuti pane chimwe chete rudo - nokuti Allah, saka akanga asina kufarira vakadzi uye kuroorana.

Nomunyori mukuru akarererwa pakuri muchivanze pamwe vana Timurid dzavo. With Hussein Baykara (akazova mubati Khorasan state) Navoi aiva ushamwari wepedyo kwakatora zvose hwake. Uye chikonzero kuti Alisher Navoi (Biography ake hwachinja somugumisiro wokutonga ichi) akadzoka kubva Samarkand kuna Herat chizvarwa, sehofisi kugadza waiva shamwari yake Hussein. Muna 1469, pashure kudzoka nyanduri, Hussein Baykara gavhuna akamugadza mukuru curator yokudhinda Khorasan mamiriro.

Muupenyu hwake hwose, Alisher Navoi, ane ndima inoshandawo muzuva redu, vakashumira mamiriro, akanyora chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda nhetembo uye kupa zvinhu kubatsira zvose vadetembi, vanyori, vemifananidzo uye musicians. Munhoroondo Central Asia, anoyeukwa sezvo huru initiator yaivakwa dzakawanda madrasas, zvipatara, uye kunyange mumaraibhurari.

Mabasa Alisher Navoi

Most mabasa ake Nyanduri guru uye anofunga, akanyora mutauro Chagatai, achitora dariro zita Alisher Navoi (mu Uzbek rinoreva "tuneful, kunonakidza"). detembo rake rokutanga akanyora nemakore 15. Mudetembi aiva zvikuru simba pamusoro pokumuka mutauro chaiko, akaita mupiro chinokosha kuvandudzika yechivako chacho chagatay rwechiHebheru, uye gare gare mutauro Uzbek.

Naizvozvo Cultural Heritage ine zvinopfuura 3000 siyana zvidimbu Genre nziyo. Zvichida imwe yakakurumbira mabasa nyanduri ari "Pyateritsa", iro rine 5 dastans. "Layla uye Majnun", "Farhad uye Arina", "Kuvhiringidzika chete" - ichi ndiro verenga nhetembo Alishera Navoi.

Alisher Navoi: nhetembo muna Russian

Vakawanda mabasa nyanduri akanyorwa Persian uye Chagatai mutauro zvave akashandurirwa Russian. Imwe yakakurumbira nhetembo - "Two frisky ghazals ake .." - rinoshandurwa mudetembi Soviet Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky. Pasinei chokwadi kuti Alisher Navoi akaramba rudo uye mamwe manzwiro vakadzi, naiyewo akanyora nyama chaizvo detembo. Pakati pavo - "Usiku hwangu kusuwa kwenyika femo yose aigona misodzi ..." "Garai mweya wangu unodanidzira, akapotsa kumukuvadza zvakaipa ..." "Sezvo zvakaipa kugomera utsi inoyerera, tarira ..!" uye vamwe.

Zvisinei, munyori makamutswawo magariro nouzivi matambudziko ( "Bezdolny akapfeka mamvemve ...", "Rigone waini uye manheru uye kumabvazuva ..." "All kubhadhara, nokunyima pachako ..." uye zvichingodaro. D.)

Kuwedzera lyrical nhetembo, mudetembi akasika uye nhoroondo akadhindwa, iyo inorondedzera upenyu kunozivikanwa nemifananidzo tsika. Somuenzaniso, "Pyateritsa vanozvininipisa" rwakanga rwakazvitsaurira kuna ake mudzidzisi uye bhururu Abdurakhman Jami.

Pamugumo ake rikava basa Alisher Navoi akanyora maviri nhetembo kwouzivi achirondedzera pfungwa dzake pamusoro yakanaka mamiriro. Rimwe detembo - "The Language of Birds", kana sezvazvakanyorwa kunzi: "The Parliament of Birds: Semurg" - ndiro vanova basa rake, iro ndeyokufananidzira bhuku akaseka vatongi vose vasingazivi, vasingazivi misimboti nemamiriro mamiriro. All mabasa Alishera Navoi azere zvarinoreva uye pfungwa dzakasiyana-siyana nyaya kubvira norudo zvematongerwo enyika uye kuvandudza magariro upenyu zvavo vanhuwo zvavo.

zvematongerwo enyika

Zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti Alisher Navoi aiva norupo maonero zvinhu zvakawanda. Somuenzaniso, nguva dzose vaishora mitemo Ages despotic, akashora machinda avo vakagamuchira fufuro pachena, uyewo kuedza kudzivirira zvinodiwa murombo kirasi. Muna 1472 Navoi akagamuchira ishe wenyaya (achiva vizier of state), akashandisa simba rake kuvandudza upenyu varombo vanhu. Pasinei ake ushamwari mubati uye nevamwe akakurumbira machinda, Alisher Navoi achiri vakatapwa mutongi Khorasan ehurumende Bayqara kune imwe nzvimbo kuti ake takasununguka muchipikisana vanoba mari uye fufuro-takers. In Astrabad akaramba aronga kuvandudza magariro uye voruzhinji upenyu vanhu.

Alisher Navoi akaita mupiro mukuru kwete chete kune kukura mamiriro ezvinhu, rwave chinokosha kwakabatsira kuvandudzika mutauro Uzbek. mabasa ake vanozivikanwa munyika Eastern munyika dzakawanda (Uzbekistan, Iran, Turkey nevamwe. Central Asian nyika). Nomunyori mukuru akafa pamba, mune Herat muna 1501.