Aluminum dzayo alloys vose simbi iyi

Pari, kushandiswa chaikwo akawana zvose anozivikanwa nesimbi anenge munhu vavo alloys. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane pachake chaizvo zvachiri, izvo kuona kukura kwebasa kushandiswa kwavo mumaindasitiri siyana. Yainyanya kushandiswa mhando dzesimbi remubatanidzwa anoritsanangura, uyewo aruminiyamu uye ayo alloys. Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa, pakutanga kwezvose, hombe dzinongoitika reserves, uyewo zvakaisvonaka zvemakemikari, panyama uye nomuviri maitiro.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Maererano nengano yekare, anorondedzerwa bhuku rake "Natural History" by Pliny Mukuru Gaius, rinoumbwa vanenge 77 AD, kamwe kuti weRoma Tibheriyo akaswedera tenzi yausingazivi uye akamuita chipo mbiya sirivha uye chiedza chaizvo nesimbi. Apo Tibheriyo akamubvunza kuti chii chiri akariita, akapindura kuti akanga nevhu. Vashamisika, mambo akarayira kuti kuuraya vanhu vasina mhosva uye nokuparadza Artisan workshop yake nokugadzirwa haana kutungamirira depreciation chainge chakagadzirwa nesimbi Roman yepfuma. Chinhu tsitsi kuti panguva iyoyo akanga asina kukwanisa kuongorora tarisiro hwomukova zvose, nokuti aruminiyamu wayo alloys mune ramangwana akaita budiriro kutsutsa zvechokwadi.

Sei aruminiyamu uye alloys ayo akakurumbira zvakadaro?

The aruminiyamu tigutsikane ari goko ndiyo inenge 8.8%, uye saka inotungamirira mazita rakajairika simbi. Pakati ayo zvakwakanakira zvinosanganisira yakaderera arambe achirema (2.7 g / cm3), chakanakisisa ngura nemishonga, processability, zvakanaka zvemagetsi uye chafariz conductivity, huri kumusoro simba unhu. Aluminum aro alloys vari zvinowanzoshandiswa avhiyesheni, shipbuilding, njanji chokufambisa, motokari, kuvaka, zvemakemikari uye peturu Mazinga , etc. Aluminum alloys hwokuratidza ductility, malleability, mukuru kugadzira nokukurumidza. izvi zvose chinotipa mukana wakanakisisa wokuratidza kuzvishandisa mune chero mhando kugadzirwa.

Basic aruminiyamu anotsanangura alloys

Kusanganisa aruminiyamu pamwe alloying kuwedzererwa, anogona kuzadzisa simba zvikuru uye kuvandudza zvimwe zvivako zviri simbi. Sezvo yokuvirisa inowanzoshandiswa nesilicon, mhangura, manganese, zingi uye magnesium. Funga dzinokosha alloys.

Duralumin (duralumin, kana chete duralumin)

Zita remubatanidzwa iri rinobva pashoko Düren - kuti raiva zita reguta German, iro muna 1911. Takatanga kubudisa chiwanikwa pamusoro muindasitiri akamboona. Akagadzirira Kuwedzera wayo mhangura, aruminiyamu (2.2 - 5.2%), magnesium (0.2 - 2.7%) uye manganese (0.2 - 0.1%). Mushure Kupisa kurapwa, chicherwa anova simba kwazvo (simba kunofambira mberi rinosvika 450-500 MPa). Kuti tiwedzere ngura nemishonga, kazhinji vakapfeka aruminiyamu. Yaishandiswa munhu STRUCTURAL zvinhu ari chokufambisa uye aeronautical mapurani.

magnaly

Ava siyana aruminiyamu alloys pamwe magnesium uye nezvimwe zvinhu (MG kugutsikana - 1-13%). Vari ne mukuru ductility, weldability zvakanaka uye ngura nemishonga. Akashandiswa zvaAtemisi shaped castings, waya, jira, rivets etc.

silumin

remubatanidzwa Izvi vakazvigadzirirwa tichibatanidza aruminiyamu pamwe nesilicon (nesilicon kugutsikana - 4-13%). Dzimwe nguva iri akawedzera, uye dzimwe yokuvirisa: Ivai, Ti, Zn, MG, MN, cú. chiwanikwa ichi chinoshandiswa kugadzira zvikamu kunzwisisa zvivako, kunyanya Aerospace uye Automotive mapurani.

Aluminum kwayo alloys vachashuva kushumira nokuda kwevanhu. Uchapupu kuvamba mutsva uyu - foamed aruminiyamu, kana sezvazvakanyorwa kunzi, "simbi furo". Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinofunga kuti porous aruminiyamu vane tarisiro yakanaka.