Anti-ndege zvinoita zvokukandwa hurongwa "Cube": nhoroondo yokusika, description, unhu

In nomumwe mamiriro, ari zvakananga akapa kudzivirira mhepo kubvuta Anti-ndege zvinoita zvokukandwa gadziriro (SAMs). On 18 July 1958, sezvakanga Resolution of CPSU Central Committee, akatanga kugadzira basa SAM "Cube" iri Research Institute of zvishandiso. Air kuzvidzivirira chombo hurongwa yakagadzirirwa kudzivirira pasi mauto uye warrior kupesana kubva mhepo nokurwiswa nokuparadza muvengi nhovo huru panguva svikiro uye vakaderera kukwira.

Chii SAM USSR?

"Cube" - Anti-ndege zvinoita zvokukandwa hurongwa, murwiyo izvo zvaisanganisira muhondo nzira:

• Antiaircraft anotungamirirwa chombo 3M9.
• Self-propelled kwokugara ubanguranyika uye kutungamirirwa (1S91).
• Self-propelled launcher 2P25 kugadzwa.

Ndiani rinobatanidzwa pakusikwa SAM muna USSR?

All Ezvemutauro rwisana kuti vanobatanidzwa Anti-ndege zvinoita zvokukandwa hurongwa "Cube", akasika nomumwe. Nokuti mumwe nzvimbo akanzi mukuru mugadziri, maneja basa mugumisiro. 1S91 kuzvidzora propelled pfuti akasikwa achitungamirirwa AA Rastova. Semi-basa radar musoro 2P25, achiita homing zvombo kusvikira 1960 akakurukura mukuru akagadzira Yu Vekhov. Akatsiviwa mubasa iri raiva IG Akopyan muna 1960. Anokonzera yose Anti-ndege zvinoita zvokukandwa hurongwa "Cube" uye chakava mukuru Mugadziri OKB-15 V. V. Tihomirov.

Design uye basa launcher

Self-propelled launcher mbidzwa chassis of GM-578 chaiyo ngoro, yaiva nenhungamiro zvombo. 2P25 yaiva dzemagetsi actuators, kufamba michina. Mukuwedzera, kuzvidzora propelled pfuti akanga vakapakata kadambari namano, zvionera gasi-turbine emagetsi chirimwa uye midziyo panguva topographic nzvimbo, encoded kukurukurirana ruzivo uye kudzora prestart installation. zvigadziko zviviri zvaishandiswa pokusvika pamwe chitundumuseremusere launcher. Ivo vakaiswa chitundumuseremusere. Procedure prelaunch nhungamiro dzaro anoitwa nokushandisa ngarurege ngoro ayo kwaiitwa mashoko 1S91. Radiotelekodovaya kubatana 2P25 anopa zvakakodzera ruzivo. Combat kugadzwa kukarukureta aiva matatu. 2P25 uremu zvasvika matani 19.5.

chombo mudziyo

Anti-ndege zvinoita zvokukandwa yakaoma "kuutio" 3M9 vakashongedzerwa aine chombo kuvakwa maererano anorimwa "mapapiro muhombe". Kubva kwayo ishamwari 3M8 kunoratidzwa pamberi okuwedzera kuzvidzora hukawanika. Nokuda pakukura kwavo vachishandisa muhombe bapiro vagadziri kwakaderedza. Uyezve, servos havadi mukuru simba. The hydraulic ngarurege yave atsiviwa raita mhepo.

Target pakuunganidza chete kutanga uye rutsigiro kwayo pamusoro Doppler kakawanda akaita semiactive radar homing musoro 1SB4, riri pamberi chombo kuitika rakabatanidzwa propulsion hurongwa. Weight HE kusabatana warhead yaiva 57 makirogiramu. Avtodiodny Dual fuze akarayira kuti Implementation ayo detonation. chitundumuseremusere saizi yakanga 5.8 m, dhayamita - 33 masendimita The inounganidzwa chombo zvifambiswe mune chaiyo mumidziyo, izvo zvakasikwa rinopeta stabilizers inomunyaradza..

Sei post-combustion chitundumuseremusere yomukati?

Nokubatira gasi jenareta namarudzi combustion anopinda kuburikidza mhepo inlets ari afterburning mukamuri umo kwokupedzisira combustion ari mafuta kwakaitwa. Solid fuel mutariri pachayo yakanga 172-paundi bhomba dhayamita pamusoro masendimita 29 uye kureba 1,7 mamita. Nokuti kwayo kugadzira ballistic mafuta akashandiswa. Air intakes vakanga dzaona kuti supersonic kushanda ezvinhu. Munguva kushanda chitundumuseremusere ose mhepo pokubuda napo zvakasimba akavharwa ne Washington City Offices plugs. Kuvamba chitundumuseremusere kanda chakaitwa panguva kanda nzvimbo vasati kusanganisira boosters.

Start rwakatora 5 seconds. Chikamu yomukati pamusoro chitundumuseremusere kamwene, iyo anobata Washington City Offices nesefa, 5-6 masekonzi pashure vachiridzira shure, uye danho mberi oparesheni midcourse.

Murwiyo uye mabasa 1S91

Self-propelled ubanguranyika uye kutungamirirwa chinosanganisira:

• Radar Radar yeredhiyo nako kuonekwa uye Tracking rinoitwa zvemuchadenga chipfuro.
• Jekeso 1S31. Achibatsirwa chokushandisa ichi akaita kubaya kuzivikanwa, navigation, topographic nzvimbo, radiotelekodovaya maererano yose maitiro "Cube". Anti-ndege zvinoita zvokukandwa hurongwa (yaifananidzira pazasi) yakapedzwa maviri kutenderera radar kanyanga: 1S11 uye 1S31.

Ivo akaita raundi yokudzokorora 15 RPM. The antennas vakanga munzvimbo dzokuzororera dzaiva keriya frequencies. Two-nzira redhiyo migero vakanga vakapakata radiators, iyo urongwa ndiyo imwe pfungwa musimboti wokuzadzika ndege. Wanikidza, ziva uye pematanho zvemuchadenga chipfuro kunogona chinhambwe 300 kusvika 70 000 uye kukwirira 30 kusvika 7,000 mamita.

1S91 kuzvidzora propelled pfuti raiva pamusoro chassis of GM-568. Weight mari yakanga matani 20.3. Vashandi Management yaiva vanhu vana.

bvunzo SAM

Muna 1959, Anti ndege zvinoita zvokukandwa hurongwa "Cube" kwapfuura bvunzo wayo wokutanga. Somugumisiro basa iri zvinotevera utera vave kuzivikanwa:

• Air intakes havana kubudirira kugadzira.
• afterburning kamuri aiva murombo chafariz chipingamupinyi unhani. ainge Izvi zvakanga zvakafanira kuti titanium rinoshandiswa nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi Camera. Pashure achiedza simbi iyi chikatsiviwa simbi.

Muna 1961, mukuru mugadziri, mubasa kukura "Cuba", zvatsiviwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, izvi hazvina kukanganisa kumhanyisa basa kuvandudza Anti-chombo hurongwa. Kubva muna 1961 kusvika 1963 83 zvombo vakange kwakatangwa. Ava, vatatu chete kubudirira kushanda. Muna 1964 iri chitundumuseremusere wekutanga ane warhead akasunungurwa. Akanga kutsikwa IL-28, achibhururuka ari unosvikirwa kukwira. Uyezve chinonyengera vakabudirira. Somugumisiro, muna 1967, Party Central Committee akasarudza kutevedzera Anti-ndege zvinoita zvokukandwa hurongwa "Cube" iri maoko Army. It yakatanga chirongwa kuumba muenzaniso ekisipoti.

Export shanduro 2K12 "Cube"

Air kuzvidzivirira chombo hurongwa, vane unhu hwakasiyana kubva chawo analogue, ikaungana muna 1971. Kusiyana nedambudziko hurongwa kuti aite vasabatwa mhepo huru.

Anti-ndege zvinoita zvokukandwa hurongwa "Cube" ( "Square" - zita miti aiendeswa ekisipoti) kwave kubudirira nokuchinja padanho kudzivirira kukanganiswa, zvichiita kusiyanisa chinangwa ehurumende chishongedzo. Aina womuenzaniso akanga akakodzera kushandiswa munzvimbo dzinopisa.

Anti-ndege zvinoita zvokukandwa hurongwa "Cube-M1"

Zvichitevera basa mazuvaano muna 1973, vaine Soviet Army akazviratidza nani shanduro - ". Cube-M1" SAM Made patani kuvandudza kuwedzera miganhu chipfuro nzvimbo, nani kudzivirirwa homing mukuru-siyana kukanganiswa, ari kutanga nguva asingadi kupfuudza 5 seconds. The kanyanga of radar zvakagoverwa pamwe kudzivirirwa zvinokonzerwa Anti-radar zvombo.

Where kushandisa SAM?

Kubva muna 1967 kusvika 1982, yokutanga Anti-ndege zvinoita zvokukandwa hurongwa "Cube" rave aivigirwa kunyika dzakasiyana paiva basa utsinye. Kwete pasina rubatsiro dzedenga kudzivirira wemuTesitamende hondo Arab-Israeli rakaparadzwa mhepo simba waIsraeri. Muna 1999, kuti kudzivisa kubhomba kuti NATO mauto achishingaira kushandiswa kunzwisisa ichi Yugoslavia. Zvakaipira SAM vaiona kusakwana yayo terevhizheni migero asina kujairana basa usiku. Panguva ino nguva zuva vainyanya akaparadzawo kubudikidza NATO.

Panyaya iyi, basa "Cuba" akanga isashande. Kuratidza usiku mhepo parinouya, hondo Yugoslavia akarasikirwa SAMs matatu.

Today SAM "Cube" rinoshanda Slovakia. SAM unotora kuzvipira propelled launcher uye zvitatu zvombo. nadzurudzo iyi anonzi zvemberi, uye chinozivikanwa "Cube-M2" iri yose kunzwisisa akatevedzana.