Aripiko Athos (gomo)? Holy Mountain: tsananguro, kureba. Sei ikoko? yemamongi Mount Athos

Munyaya ino tichataura pamusoro zvikuru zvinoshamisa uye akanaka nzvimbo iri yose. Unoziva nyika iri Mount Athos? Chii chinoita kuti mukurumbira? vaigaramo? On vamwe mibvunzo iyi uye vazhinji tinoedza kupindura ikozvino.

nzvimbo

Zvino ngationei, apo ari Mount Athos pamepu. On hwokumusoro mahombekombe kuGungwa reAegean, muGirisi, Peninsula chinhu kujairika chimiro chakatodzana ruoko nemimwe mitatu. Halkidiki ichi. vakawanda okumabvazuva "munwe" ayo, izvo kunosvika kuti vanopfuura makumi matanhatu makiromita - nayo Athos. Kubva mabvazuva zviri kusukwa nokuda deepwater Gulf Ierisu. In kumavirira, ane dzaro zvitema mvura muGulf of Singitikos. Kuchamhembe ndiye Isthmus waAhashivheroshi, asi pedyo - yakakurumbira taundi Ouranoupolis. Nawo zvakaitika Mapilgrim, vari kufarira Mount Athos (Greece). Kukwirira kwayo - 2033 m.

Sei ikoko?

Zvinonzi rakamiswa kuitira kuti unogona kusvika nayo chete nomugungwa, nokutenga tikiti mungarava, pedyo apo panopinda Daphne, apo chiteshi. Kubva pano huru inofanira kusvika Carey (muzinda yemamongi zvokuvhoterwa). Sezvo madutu pano kazhinji, ivo vafambi, vanoziva apo Athos (gomo), kazhinji kusarudza mapfupi nzira pano - muna Ouranoupoli. Zvino nokuti mafaro chikamu - nhoroondo panzvimbo ino.

History of Mount Athos

Kubvira kare, kuti Athos kweItari yaigarwa nemadzinza Greek. Kubudikidza Wakapfuurira zvose huru gungwa migwagwa, izvo rinobatanidza Greece pamwe East.

Ndichengetedze muvhidhiyo uchapupu ariko pamusoro Peninsula maguta (akazviratidza makore 1000 asati azvarwa Kristu). In mabasa ekare zvikuru dzekare (Thucydides uye Herodotus) mazita vamwe vavo, akadai Olofiksos, Fissos, Kleone, Dion, Apollo, Akroafos. Chaiwo nzvimbo remaguta aya asati kuisa.

Apo Athos vakazvipira okutanga akasvika, guta, kunyanya nourefu (a vanhu 10 000 vanhu), vakanga yakanyarara.

Mount Athos - Mountain Holy

C inception kuti monasticism kazhinji hama vakagara mumakomo, nemhaka udyire basa rinonzi nzvimbo idzi tsvene. Vakanga vari muIjipiti, kuPalestine, Asia Minor, Siriya. Vazhinji vavo vaiva kana munhu dzimba shoma, musha kuti mamongi shoma, kana matongo zvezvivako dzinopupurira aimbova ukuru panzvimbo idzi.

Monasticism paGomo Athos

The yekare tsika Church rinoti paGomo Athos Christianity pachayo vakatanga kuparidzira Amai vaMwari, uyo akatora nzvimbo iyi pasi patronage ake.

Zvino zvakaoma kutaura apo vokutanga mamongi paGomo Athos. Vaongorori vanodavira kuti mumasango Peninsula pamusoro kushushwa VaKristu vepakutanga rwaipotera. The fuza yaingopambwa vavengi, dzose kutambudzwa vakaparadza zvinenge zvose zvinyorwa vaigona anojekesa Paunotanga upenyu yemamongi zvokuvhoterwa. Pamwe kuzadza Vacuum ichi ngano dzakawanda. Sezvingatarisirwa, havagoni kushanda nesimba uchapupu masayendisiti. Zvisinei, vaongorori vakawanda vanodavira kuti mamongi chokutanga Mutsvene Mountain (Mount Athos aingova nzvimbo yakadaro) akauya mumazuva St Constantine.

Kana uchitenda ngano, Konstantin Veliky akasarudza kuvaka guta idzva hweRoma pamusoro Athos kweItari. Nechekare chipatapata ndichishanda vaigadzirira dzomumaguta urongwa, kana Kesari akauya chiratidzo - Bishop yacho. Akaudza Constantine kuti nzvimbo ino akasarudza Virgin pachake. mambo wainamata akaramba ake kupfimbwa, mukuwedzera, akavaka pagomo Athos temberi nhatu kwazvo mukukudza Mhandara pedyo nemisha, pamusoro panzvimbo nhasi dziri Vatopedi uye Iviron wemamongi, Carey. Vakanga pashure akaparadza Julian Mupanduki.

Constantine akatuma vagari Mount Athos muna Peloponnese kweItari. Pane imwe shanduro kwemahofisi akanga gare gare Emperor Pogonate.

"Vakadzi hapana kupinda!"

Ndiwo nokurambidzwa mukuru, uchiita yemamongi zvokuvhoterwa makore 422. Panguva ino mwanasikana Mambo Theodosius aida kupinda wemamongi Vatopedi, asi akanga amira pedyo inzwi chaipenya kubva Amai vaMwari. Kubva ichi nguva mberi, hapana mukadzi akanga asiri mugomo.

Muzana VII remakore, pashure pokukundwa kweParestina, Siriya neIjipiti, Arab vaMuslim, zvemamongi vaifanira kusiya nyika. Vazhinji vavo vakatamira Mount Athos. Imomo akawana pokurara uye mamongi avo vakatambudzwa iconoclasts madzimambo.

Kubvira IX remakore, nzvimbo ino yava rimwe chikuru yemamongi nzvimbo vokuMabvazuva. The mamongi pagomo Athos akatora Zvinoshingaira muna XVII Ecumenical Council. Panguva ino Athos mumongi aiva matatu siyana kuvapo - Skete, kinoviynuyu (coenobitic), kungova mugarandoga.

Pakutanga mamongi akararama pedyo pevamwe, asi kune IX remakore, Peninsula asiya okupedzisira varimi uye vafudzi. Muna 883, Mambo Basil I chirevo kuti akabvuma Peninsula dzokugara chete mamongi. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Athos (Holy Mountain) kurarama maererano nemitemo vari kumbochinja, kusvikira nguva yedu.

Athanasia

Uyu murume nheyo monasticism pamusoro Athos. St. Athanasius akasiyanisa kwete chete umwari, uye vakawanda unhu, asiwo aiva murongi unyanzvi. Great Lavra pasi utungamiriri hwake rava wokuenzanisira yemamongi, takafanana naye pashure vakawanda dzemamongi dzakatangwa.

Majaya kubva pasi pose, kuziva apo Athos (gomo), akaenda St. Athanasius, achida kuwana nhungamiro yomudzimu. Takafamba pano uye vanhuwo zvavo, uye vamiririri anokudzwa mhuri. Parufu Saint Athanasius Gomo Athos mamongi vakauya muna 2500.

The Golden Age of Athos

Nguva iyi chokuita XIV remakore. Mountain Holy vakatanga kubereka zvibereko zvemweya, wake wakapararira chiKristu pasi pose.

Athos akava musimboti hesychast rumutsiriro. Izvi Muitiro kwakasimbiswa nenzira mbiri: kungova mugarandoga uye cenobitic monasticism.

Panguva ino pane dzemamongi Ioanna Predtechi uye St. Anne.

The gomo dzvene iri XX remakore

Kubva muna 1910 kusvika muna 1971, nhamba mamongi muGomo Athos ungaderedza yekudyidzana - kubva zviuru gumi vanhu zviuru mazana maviri, uye avo avhareji yezera yasvika mumakore 55. Vatsvakurudzi Vazhinji vanodavira kuti kuguma Mount Athos, ari unoda chirongwa tishandurwe tsvene kuva huru vashanyire muzinda pamwe miziyamu yakaoma. Vakuru uye vanozvinyima kugona kuwana vateveri vaduku, paiva mungozi kugumiswa tsika-gore chiuru, kugashidzanwa chizvarwa nechizvarwa. Huge dzemamongi uye convents vaiva matongo uye akatanga kushata.

Asi pakarepo kunyange remangwana rakanaka zvisingatarisirwi zvakaitika - Mount Athos vakatanga kuwanazve simba. Nhasi, nhamba mamongi vanopfuura 1,800 vanhu.

Upenyu yemamongi zvokuvhoterwa

Pamwe Peninsula, apo Athos (gomo), makumi maviri dzemamongi yekare yakavakwa pamusoro mawere, izvo chaizvo nowenyika Ages nematende. Mumwe mupilgrim anoshushikana nokuda runako rwavo uye ukuru. Mukuwedzera, munharaunda Mount Athos vane gumi dzemamongi, vakawanda masero, zvirindo uye Kalyvia hermits.

Charter rinorambidza yemamongi zvokuvhoterwa hwaro pamusoro dzemamongi matsva. Ndima yayo rakakamurwa kumatunhu. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ndezvevanhu mumwe dzemamongi.

Kupesana uku vakatsunga kwete chete maererano neropafadzo pfuma, asi pamutemo mitoro. Gore negore, vamiririri dzemamongi mana vanoumba kwemitemo masimba Athos. Gore negore, ivo sarudza mumiririri, inova chikamu mukuru nhengo hurumende (Holy Kinot) yemamongi zvokuvhoterwa.

Holy gomo racho yepakutanga muchimiro akachengetedzwa mitemo uye zvakajairika muupenyu nemimba uye akaramba akazvivanza. Kunonamata dzemamongi uye hermitages zvaangagutsa mwoyo nechiedza uye nomufaro.

yemamongi Mount Athos

Nhasi, makumi maviri dzemamongi anoita panyika ino. Nepo murayiro hazvirevi kuwedzera nhamba dzavo, vanobvumirwa rokusika dzemamongi itsva uye masero, kana zvichidikanwa.

Dzemamongi muGomo Athos akasiyana hierarchical hurongwa anosarudza kukura temberi kana kwete upfumi hwake, uye mwero simba uye nguva chawo.

Wemamongi Lavra Great

Ndicho dangwe chivakwa paGomo Athos. It chinonziwo Lavra St. Athanasius. Mujinga wemamongi ndowenyika gore 963. Rakanga rakarongwa St. Athanasius. The chinokosha kakasaririra pakati wemamongi chiri manyoro ekare umo mazita okutanga mamongi, uyewo akanyorwa nemaoko ndarama puranga, vhangeri, muchinjikwa St. Athanasius pachake.

wemamongi Vatopedi

yemamongi ichi riri pedyo negungwa. Pfuma yayo anofanira kucherechedzwa nguva pamwe mifananidzo Musikana, pakati inova kunoshamisa Eleotochivaya, ktitorskih vakaurawa. Wemamongi raibhurari ine pamusoro zviuru zviviri manyoro uye vanopfuura zviuru 35 magwaro.

Zograf wemamongi

Chimwe yekare yemamongi paGomo Athos. Maererano nengano, rakavakwa Bulgarian hama nhatu, vakaberekerwa dzemhuri youmambo. Muna 1873, shongwe rakadzikwa muchivanze wemamongi pamusoro panzvimbo vakasangana runorwadza rufu 26 mamongi, vakapiswa vari vapenyu Latins muna 1276.

Chechechi kutaurirana. Paul

Hatigoni kutaura mashoko mashomanana pamusoro wemamongi St. Paul, riri zasi-kumabvazuva Mount Athos. Mushure Turkish udzvanyiriri pakutanga XIX remakore mamongi vakasiya wemamongi uye akadzokera kwaari tichibatsirwa tsars Russian. Wemamongi yakavakwa X remakore. It zvakaipisisa zvakakuvadza panguva moto 1902.

Chechechi kutaurirana. Panteleimon

Akagara ane rimwe zita - "Russika". Akazviratidza paGomo Athos pakutanga pakati XI remakore, kana pano akauya wokutanga mamongi kuRussia. Muzana XIX remakore, rakanga kupfuura 1,000 vagari. Munzvimbo ino nokungwarira kuchengetwa simba pakukurukurirana. Panteleimon. Vafumi raibhurari yacho wemamongi akapona Manyoro zviuru zviviri uye nechiGiriki, Russian uye necheSalvic mabhuku anopfuura 20,000. Vose yemamongi Mount Athos vari pfuma Byzantine iconography rinoshamisa. Monks kuchengetedza isingawanzowanikwi Pamifananidzo uye rusvingo mifananidzo, mifananidzo anokosha uye zvinoera. Havana kudzivirira chete, asiwo kuti vawande kupfuma kuna Orthodoxy zvokunamata.

Zvikuru kunamatwa paGomo Athos mifananidzo pamwe mufananidzo Our Lady vari Portaitissa (Vratarnitsa) uye Gerontissa (Staritsa). Vanogona kunamata dzemamongi Iviron Monastery uye Pantocrator. Mount Athos akafanana nguva mupenyu. Hazvina kufadza miedzo upenyu hwezvivi pamusoro pevamwe.

Zvino kuti iwe unoziva Athos - Mount zvisinganzwisisiki uye akanaka. Kana ukawana mukana, iva nechokwadi kuti kushanyira nzvimbo iyi zvinoshamisa.