Art. 205 yeCriminal Code. Chiito chegandanga: mazwi

Vanhu vakagadzirisa zvechisimba kuburikidza nemibvunzo yakawanda muhuwandu hwehupenyu hwavo. Asi dambudziko nderokuti kunyange nanhasi chido chekuwedzera muchisimba hachiwisi. Uyezve, inokura zvisingaverengeki. Nokudaro, kukanganisa kwenhau hakudzidziswe nevanhu. Zvisinei, chisimba panguva yekutsva kwezana remakumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri (XX-XXI) chakawana maitiro ayo. Kana mazana emakore akapfuura, hondo dzaive mumamiriro ezvinhu, saka nhasi, kurwisana kwakatora nzira dzakasiyana, kutora chiso chegandanga. Izwi iri rinogona kudzokororwa zvakare munhau dzemazuva ano. Vakuru vehurumende vakawanda vemasimba akasiyana-siyana vanotanga masangano ekugadzirisa izvi zvinoshamisa. Asi vashomanana zvikuru vanhu vanoziva kuti hugandanga huri pamusoro pei. Panguva imwecheteyo, vanhu avo vanonyanya kuuraya vanopara mhosva. Kana tikatarisa nyaya iyi kubva pakufunga kwebumbiro rezvemitemo reRussian Federation, zvino inotongwa maererano nekusimba kwemutemo uripo. Iyi nzira inofananidzwa nehukuru hunofanirwa huri hugandanga hunosarudzwa pasi rose. Nheyo huru yemutemo chekuchengetedzwa kubva pane izvi zvinogona kunzi kutongerwa mutemo wemhosva. Muchirevo chemurairo wekutanga webhizimisi iyi kune chirevo chinopomera mhosva yakadaro yehutano sechiito chehugandanga. Nokudaro, munyaya ino, munyori achaedza kutsanangura kuumbwa kwemhosva iyi, pamwe nekusimbisa kukodzera kwayo uye kunyanya kukodzera.

Zviratidzo zvemugariro wehugandanga

Pamberi pekuongorora zvakananga Art. 205 yeCriminal Code yeRussian Federation, iyo inoshora zviito zvegandanga, zvakakosha kunzwisisa chinonyanya kukosha chehugandanga. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti masayendisiti vanobva kumativi ose enyika ave achirwisana nedambudziko rekutsanangura ichi chiitiko kwemakore mazhinji. Zvechokwadi muArt. 205 yeCriminal Code inopa tsananguro inofanirwa nezvemagandanga, asi yakakodzera chete pamutemo. Kana tikafunga nezveiyi pfungwa yakawanda, ipapo hugandanga nderimwe rudzi rwematongerwo enyika anonyatsogadziriswa kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwekugadzirisa utsinye (chisimba, kutya, etc.). Kunyangwe nehupo hwehuwandu hwekutsanangurwa kwemutemo kwemazwi uye chirevo chechiGiriki chakataurwa, tsanangudzo yechokwadi yechiitiko ichi hachiri kubviswa.

Tsanangudzo munyika dzakasiyana

Tsanangudzo yehugandanga inogona kusiyana kubva munyika kuenda kune imwe nyika. Somuenzaniso, muRussia Federation, hugandanga hunoonekwa kwete kwete chete, asiwo hutsinye hwemhirizhonga, pamwe chete nemigumisiro yekuziva kwevanhu, hurumende dzehurumende kana masangano emarudzi ose emhosva, ayo anoshandiswa nekushandiswa kwemhando ipi zvayo yekuita chisimba.

Kunzwisisa kwakasiyana zvakasiyana kwehugandanga muUnited States. Maererano nekududzirwa kwehurumende iyi, chiitiko ichi hachisi chinhu chisiri chezvematongerwo enyika, chinokonzerwa nechisimba chakagadziriswa zvakananga nehupenyu hwehukama hwemamiriro ezvinhu kana hurumende zvinhu nemamwe mapoka evapanduki vane chinangwa chekutungamira rusununguko. Aya mazano anopa kupa mukana wekusiyanisa maitiro ehugandanga. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti izvi zvakaitika zvakawana unhu hwepasi pose muma1960 ezana remakore rechi20.

Zvikamu zvehugandanga

Pamusoro peshoko iri pamusoro apa, pane zvimwe zvikamu zvinokosha zvehugandanga, kureva:

Iyo nguva dzose iri basa risina mutemo;

- pakarepo vashandisi vehugandanga mapurisa ekukosha kwenyika dzose;

- chiitiko chacho chinotakura ngozi yakashata kune hukama hwepanyika, hwakagamuchirwa nedzimwe nyika;

- sekutonga, basa rezvegandanga rinotungamirirwa kunyanya mukusagadzikana kwevanhu;

- chiitiko mumatambudziko akawanda ane mamiriro ezvematongerwe enyika;

- inozivikanwa kuburikidza nehutungamiri hwemagandanga;

- mutemo unoitwa zvikurukuru kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kana imwe, chinhu chinokosha.

Terrorist act: pfungwa

Pfungwa yekurwiswa kwegandanga, pamwe chete nehuipi hwehugandanga, hunoonekwa nekusiyana kune zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu enyika uye zvimwe zvinhu. Asi chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti kurwiswa kwegandanga kune unhu hwepamutemo kupfuura chirevo. Kana tikacherechedza mafungiro kune chimwe chinhu chinotyisa chekuita muRussia, tsanangudzo yaro yakajeka inogona kuwanikwa pamapeji eCriminal Code. Nokudaro, maererano neArt. 205 yeCriminal Code yeRussian Federation, mhinduro iyo ichagoverwa pasi apa, chiito chegandanga ndiwo mutemo wekuzvipira wekupisa, kuputika kana zvimwe zviito zvinokonzera kukanganisa kwezvinhu zvakanyanya, zvinotungamirira kurufu rwevanhu vakawanda, vanotya vanhu nechinangwa chekutungamira vakuru vakuru vehurumende kana masangano edzimwe nyika . Mamwe mashoko akazara anopa mhinduro kune nyaya yeCriminal Code, iyo inotungamirira chiito chegandanga.

Kusiyana pakati pekugandanga kwegandanga uye hugandanga

Zvinotarisirwa kujekesa zvakajeka hugandanga sezvakazara uye chiito chegandanga chakasiyana. Vakawanda vanokanganisa, vachifungisisa pfungwa idzi zvachose, izvo zvisiri izvo zvakashata. Sezvambotaurwa kare, hugandanga hune pfungwa dzose, kureva, nheyo dzemitemo maererano nechisimba chinoitwa kuti zvizadzise zvimwe zvinangwa. Mune mamwe mazwi, pfungwa iyi inoratidza zvakaoma zviito zvezviito. Chiito chegandanga, zvakare, chiitiko chimwe chete, kunyanya, kuratidzwa kwechokwadi kwehutano hwechisimba.

Mutemo wezvemitemo yeChikamu 205

MuCriminal Code yeRussian Federation, chiito chegandanga sechiito chinotyisa chevanhu chinowanikwa muArt. 205 yeCriminal Code. Inopa maitiro akareruka, akakodzera uye akakodzera. Maererano nehuwandu hwehutano hwevanhu, izvi zvinowanzogadzirisa utsotsi hunokosha. Nokudaro, zviyamuro zvehutungamiri wayo zvichave zvakanyanya kunyanya, panzvimbo yezvimwe zvemhosva zvakafanana mukuumbwa kwavo. Inofanira kuonekwa zvakare kuti kuumbwa kwehupombwe uyu kune unhu hunenge huri munharaunda dzose dzezvikamu.

Chinangwa chechivi

Ugandanga (Chikamu 205 cheCriminal Code chinoshandisa chirevo ichi zvakajeka), kana kuti, chinangwa chechinangwa ichi, chinosanganisira maitiro evanhu ane ngozi. Vanozviratidza pachavo nenzira yechisimba zvekuita zviyero. Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti zviito hazvifaniri hazvo kuunza kukuvadza zvakananga. Chimwe chinangwa chechivi ichocho chichavapo kunyange kana pane ngozi yechisimba chemaitiro akawandisa. Kana zvasvika kune dzimwe mimwe mitsara yakaipa, iyo inotaurwa muChikamu 1 cheChitsauko 205, mazwi aya anofanira kunzwisiswa sechinhu chero chipi zvacho chinogona kukonzera kukuvadza kukuru. Izvi zvinosanganisira kusvibiswa kweimwe nzvimbo inonzi radioactive, inouraya, zvimwe zvinhu zvinokuvadza, kuparadzwa kwemagetsi ekugadzirisa zvirongwa munzvimbo dzekugara, kupararira kwehutachiona hwehutachiona hunotyisa, sangano rezviitiko, nezvimwe. Muchiitiko ichi, Art. 205.1 yeCriminal Code inopa mukana wekuvhara huwandu hwakawanda hwehutano hwemagariro evanhu vanotsigira pfungwa dzehugandanga.

Kutsunga kwekuparadzwa

Mhinduro pamusoro penyaya yeCriminal Code inopa pfungwa dzakasiyana dzekukuvara. Inofanira kurangarirwa kuti pfuma inokanganisa munyaya yeArt. 205 yeCriminal Code haisati yasarudzwa kubva pachigaro chekukosha kwayo. Muchiitiko ichi, tiri kutaura nezvehuwandu hwekuparadzwa kana kukanganisa kune zvimwe zvinhu. Kutyisidzira kwekuparadzwa kwakadaro kunobatanidzwawo. Chiratidzo chakadai chekuparadzwa kwekuparara hakuratidzi nzvimbo yekurasikirwa, asi chiyero chekutyisidzirwa nekuda kwekushandiswa kwayo. Mushure mezvose, chinangwa chikuru chemugandanga ndechekukonzera kutya nekutya pakati pevanhu uye zviremera zvehurumende.

Inofanirawo kuyeukwa kuti chiito chehugandanga chinounza kwete chete kuparadzwa kwepfuma, asiwo kukanganisa tsika.

Chinangwa cheUrwere

Terrorist chiito chiito chinotyisa mune zvemagariro, chinhu chaicho chaicho chiri hukama hwepamutemo mumamiriro ekuchengeteka kwevanhu. Chiito chemagandanga chinokanganisa rugare rwemagariro evanhu uye chinochinja mararamiro ehupenyu hwehuwandu hwevanhu. Zvinhu zvakajairika ndezvehupenyu, hutano, hukama hwehupfumi, nezvimwewo.

Nhengo dzakakodzera zvemhosva

MuArt. 205, chikamu 2 cheCriminal Code chinoratidza nguva dzekuita zvekupara mhosva. Maererano neCriminal Code, zviitiko zvinotevera zvinoonekwa sechisimbiso chechiito:

- Kuita mhosva neboka revanhu vakambogadzirira;

- kutongerwa mhosva nehushandiswa kwepfuti;

Iko kunofanira kucherechedzwa zvinhu zvechipiri chinowedzera huno. Kufanirwa hakusi kwekushandisa zvakananga zvombo zvemugadziro mukuita kwechiito chegandanga (kupfura vanhu), asiwo nekuchiratidzira kuitira kuti zvive nemamiriro ezvinhu anodiwa ekushandiswa kwegadziriro yakagadzirirwa. Ichokwadi chekuva nechibhakera kuitira kuti usashungurudzwa nemitemo yekuchengetedza mitemo hakuzogadziri chinhu chinofanirwa kunze kwekuti zvombo zvichishandiswa sezvinotsanangurwa pamusoro apa.

Vashandi vanonyatsokwanisa

Pamusana pekududzirwa kwakasiyana-siyana kwezvirongwa zvemugadziro uye kukurudzirwa kwehupombwe hwehupfumi muhurumende, mutongi wepamutemo, pamwe nevashandi vanokwanisa, akachengetedzawo akakodzera, iyo ndiyo mhando dzine njodzi dzevanhu nekuchengeteka kwevanhu izvo mhosva iyi inogona kugamuchira. MuArt. 205, chikamu chechitatu cheCriminal Code rinonyora zvakasiyana siyana zvevashandi vanokwanisa. Maererano nenyaya ino, zviito zvose zvinofungidzirwa nechinangwa chechivi chinotaridzwa muZvikamu 1 ne2 zvinonyanya kuomesa kana zvisiri izvo zvivako zve nyukireya kana kuti zvakagadzirirwa kushandisa zvishandisikireya, pamwe chete nehupfu, zvehupenyu kana zvemakemikari zvinhu. Uyewo chinonyanya kukoshesa chiitiko rufu rwevanhu. Munyaya iyi, nhamba yevanhu vakafa haina basa.

Nyaya yebato rezvegandanga

Pamusana pengozi inokosha yekupa mhosva inopiwa muArt. 205 yemutemo weCriminal Code, kuumbwa kwechiitiko kune makore asina kufanira ekutonga mhosva. Nokudaro, nyaya yechirongwa chegandanga ndeye munhu anenge asvika makore gumi nemaviri. Apo zvinosvika kuboka reboka rechigandanga, zvinokwanisika kubvisa nguva apo munhu anenge achikwanise kusunungurwa kubva pamhosva. Semuenzaniso, munhu wepanyama uyo akakurumidza kuchenesa hurumende yehurumende pamusoro pekurwiswa kwegandanga kana kuti akadzivisa kushanda kwayo haisi kurangwa.

Nokudaro, munyaya yacho yakaiswa zvinhu zvose zvakakosha zvehupombwe hwakadaro sechiito chegandanga. Kuongorora dambudziko iri kunobatanidzwa basa rinokosha, nokuti hukama hwemuhutachiona hwehupenyu huno huri kuramba huchiwedzera hunozvidemba. Nokudaro, kusikwa kwekudzivirirwa kwepamutemo kwepamutemo kunobvumira zvishoma kuti zvidzivirire kushanduka kwemhosva iyi.