AS Pushkin kuti "Mozart uye Salieri": iri Genre, pfupiso

Zvinobikwa "Mozart uye Salieri", mumwe Genre iyo - zvishoma nhamo, rakanyorwa yakakurumbira nyanduri Russian, munyori uye munyori wemitambo A. S. Pushkina. Munyori mimba kunyorwa mutambo mutsva muna 1826, asi akaita nawo kupfuura zvibereko nguva hwake - munguva anonzi boldins. Mutambo yakabudiswa muna 1831, pakarepo kupa pave kumwe akasimbisa ngano pamusoro wenziyo Salieri akauraya shamwari yake Mozart. Drama wenyaya vaiita kuti libretto pamusoro dhanzi kubudikidza Rimsky-Korsakov, uyewo firimu mumanyoro.

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Mutambo "Mozart uye Salieri", mumwe Genre iyo inozivikanwa vamwe specificity zvichienzaniswa nevamwe mabasa munyori, akanga agadzirira mumakore mashanu asati bhuku kwayo, izvo zvakanyorwa uchapupu shamwari dzake uye vamwe vakararama panguva yake. Asi mudetembi akatya pamutemo kutsoropodza, saka regai kukurumidza varo bhuku. Iye wakaidzawo kubudisa mabasa ake idzva anonymously kana kuvanza rakanyorwa wavo, vachiratidza kuti ave rinoshandurwa dzimwe mabasa. The chidimbu zvakanyorwa pasi chakasimba vakambodanana zvikuru nhoroondo mutambo "Boris Godunov".

Pandaishanda yake Pushkin aida kunyora nhevedzano Mitambo pamusoro nhoroondo Zvikamu mune dzimwe nyika. Uye kana mumutsetse wokutanga, akafuridzirwa nemabasa William Shakespeare, asi nguva ino akatora nzwisa mumutambo nemunyori French Jean Racine, uyo akasarudza tichitarisa kubvumirana nezverangano uye manyorerwo.

chiitiko Features

Mumwe yakakurumbira mabasa Pushkin aiva mutambo "Mozart uye Salieri". Genre yenhoroondo iyi chaizvo zvakananga, sezvo chikamu ichitanga inonzi matambudziko duku, izvo sezvo vakadaro hakuwaniki mumabhuku, asi vave kugadzirwa munyori chete mabasa matsva, izvo kwaiva mana chete. Mumwe huru yaitaridza mutsauko zviri basa Genre - munhu anoitwa nemaune pebindu. In kutamba ichi - vaviri chete vatambi (pasingaverengwi violinist bofu uyo rinowanikwa chete chiitiko).

Murwiyo yose kutamba - zviri monologues uye nhaurirano umo zvakadaro zvinoratidza zvizere vatambi vavo. Achingwarira ushandiswe zvepfungwa vevatambi akasiyana sezvamunoita "Mozart uye Salieri". tamba Genre rinotsanangurwa nemimba uye akaramba akazvivanza wayo: chiito kunoitika munguva akanyudzwa nzvimbo, iyo inoita kuti chichiwedzera noruvara, uye anosimbisa mumutambo nhoroondo. Kuguma anoshanda zvikuru oneka: kuti chivande tichitarisa chomunda chiri kushanda haazovipo. The huru kuomesa - kuratidzwa nyika magamba yomukati, vachiedza kutsanangura maitiro avo uye vavariro.

mutauro

Very nyore, asi panguva imwe chete mupfumi Mutauro akasiyana mutambo "Mozart uye Salieri". Pushkin akaramba kunzwisisa mabhuku nokumukirana akareva paainyora yapfuura nhamo yake kana aitevedzera Shakespeare. Zvino aifarira nyore, chakanaka mutauro Racine. Akatsvaka kuti muverengi (kana Fafitera kuti pachikuva) haana kutsauswa kubva musimboti makakatanwa uye yokurwisana vatambi.

Saka nemaune kujekesa yezvinoreva nyaya uye vakatsvaka kunonyanyisa Kupfupika iri nhaurirano uye monologues. Zvechokwadi, magamba maviri kamwe kuva zvakajeka kubvira pakutanga kuti zvakajeka rwayo, chaizvo uye zvakarurama vavariro dzavo uye chinangwa choupenyu. Pamwe ari matambudziko duku zvikuru yakajeka matarenda munyori kuti nokubvisa nyore ari duramazwi. Izvi chinokwezva muverengi kuti mutambo "Mozart uye Salieri". Pushkin aida kuti pfungwa makakatanwa sezvo nyore sezvinobvira, saka kudzivisa chero chinhu chingaita kutsausa muverengi. Zvisinei, hakusi isina vamwe vanotaurwa akanaka: anofungidzirwa kuti ataura, izvozvo asi melodic ruzha uye zvakarongeka kwazvo. In aripo basa mumwechete ichi kunoratidzwa kunyanya zvakajeka nekuti vaviri kwayo protagonist - munyori, vanhu vakadzidza basa, avo vakanatswa kuravira.

kupinda

Mumwe wevanyori yakakurumbira uye vadetembi ndiye Pushkin. "Mozart uye Salieri" (pfupi kutamba tigutsikane dzinosiyana pachena nyore uye nyore kunzwisisa) - iri mutambo, iyo Zvinofadza zvawo mupfungwa nyaya zvinoshamisa uye kunzwisisa. Start anovhura kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura Salieri, anotaura zvake kuzvipira uye rudo mumhanzi, uye anoyeuka kuedza kuti akaita kuti kudzidza kwake.

Panguva iyoyowo anoratidza godo rake (nenzira, ndizvo uyu aiva mumwe drafts ari kutamba mazita) kuna Mozart, uyo nyore uye virtuosity composes mabasa shasha. Chikamu wechipiri kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura kuna Kuziviswa urongwa hwake, munyori vakasarudza kuchetura shamwari yake, rinotungamirirwa ndechokuti pasina kutambisa tarenda ravo uye havagoni kuwana kuti kushandiswa zvakanaka.

hurukuro yokutanga wemagamba

Kufanana hapana mumwe ari pfupi basa aigona kuratidza kudzika mupfungwa zvakaitika Pushkin. "Mozart uye Salieri" (pfupi zviri kutamba ndiyo yakanakisisa uchapupu kuti) - iri yoku duel pakati vatambi vaviri, dziri kutarisana zvavanoda uye zvinangwa muupenyu. Zvisinei, zviri pachena kuti havana kukurukurirana ushamwari chaizvo, asi munyori akavaka pakutaura kwavo kuitira kuti mutongo ose zvinoratidza sei vari vanhu vakasiyana, uye sei vasingawirirani kupokana pakati zviviri. Rinowanikwawo kare mukurukurirano ravo rokutanga.

The Musoro "Mozart uye Salieri" riri zvichida zvakanakisisa kunoratidzwa chidzoke wokutanga panzvimbo kuti pakarepo anoratidza hasha dzake nyore uye wakasununguka. It zvinotisvitsa bofu violinist anotamba zvakaipa ayo sezvamunoita uye ayo kukanganisa muimbi murombo varambe vachifara. Salieri anotsamwa nokuti chokwadi chokuti shamwari yake anoita vamuseke shasha yake mumhanzi.

Musangano wechipiri vanotaurwa

Nhaurirano Izvi zvachose Rakasimbisa mhinduro munyori chepfu shamwari yake. Anotora uturu uye anoenda kuna kuresitorendi apo vakanga akabvuma chisvusvuro pamwe chete. Vaviri pane kamwe zvakare nhaurirano kuti pakupedzisira rinoisa nezvake i. Saka laconic chiito zvose zvakasiyana zvishoma Pushkin kuti njodzi. "Mozart uye Salieri" - nomutambo waiva kuvapowo. Ichi chechipiri kukurukura Vanyori anopindura nzvimbo nechepakati munyaya. Panguva manheru ichi zvakananga kutarisana zvido zvavo zvinokosha uye vavariro.

Mozart akati shasha wechokwadi hazvigoni kuita zvakaipa, uye shamwari yake, takawisirwa nokufunga inongopa pfungwa yake pakupedzisira. Panyaya iyi, muverengi anoona kuti Mozart inokundikana. Pushkin saka anovaka basa rake, kuti ichi haaregi chero mubvunzo. Iye anofarira pakutanga akatungamirira mumutambo uyu.

Mufananidzo mukuru mutambi

Dambudziko "Mozart uye Salieri" Zvinofadza panyaya mupfungwa kunetsana kwevanhu ava. Chimiro rokutanga nyore chaizvo uye yakananga. Haina pfungwa yokuti shamwari yake iri godo naye. Asi sezvinoita shasha ounyanzvi wechokwadi, iye ane flair kujairika kuti zvinoratidza nokukurumidza kuchaguma, chii uye rinotiudza. Mozart anoudza Salieri nyaya chinoshamisa mutengi, iye akarayira Requiem ake, uye kubva ipapo hadzichaoneki.

Kubvira ipapo, munyori vakafunga kuti akanyora requiem Misa pacharo. In ichi nyaya pfupi akanzwa munhu fungidziro kwaaizoita kuguma kwavo, kunyange zvazvo iye haazvizivi chaizvo sei zvinoitika.

Mufananidzo Salieri

Munyori uyu, nekusiyana, vatowedzera kutsunga kuita yake zvakaipa urongwa. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya pachiitiko apo aitambisa Mozart zvishomanana kubva Requiem. Zviri pari mumwe akasimba ari kutamba. In chiitiko ichi, Mozart zvakare zvinooneka muverengi ave mumhanzi shasha uye Salieri - sezvo vane zvakaipa. Saka, munyori akaratidza pfungwa yake kuti pfungwa mbiri idzi haawirirani mumwe.

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Zvinobikwa "Mozart uye Salieri" - ndiro basa rinonyanya uzivi ichitanga nematambudziko duku, nokuti zvizere akataura dambudziko yokurwisana pakati zvakanaka uye zvakaipa, dziri huru wenziyo uye ake neshanje. Pushkin zvakakwana vachiwirirana vatambi kuti embody pfungwa dzake: chaizvoizvo ikozvino, okugadzira zvinhu zvechokwadi anova nhandare okutambura pakati nheyo mbiri idzi anoshora. Saka, mutambo uyu ane tsika rinoreva. Uye kana vamwe mabasa kutenderera pasi kukurukurwa vane zvakakwana simba zano, izvo chinoita kuti pfungwa huru iri kutamba iri pakatarisana: yakatsviriridza munyori akaisa mberi pfungwa kwouzivi kuti iripo basa zvinoreva upenyu, uye rangano rine nokutsigira basa, kuisa kubvisa pfungwa yomunyori.