Asitironati basa: rondedzero vana, mashoko pamusoro asitironati basa. Ndezvipi mashura chokuita asitironati basa?

Munyika yedu pane yakawanda ounyanzvi hwokugadzira siyana. Vamwe vavo inonakidza, vamwe - zvakaoma, uye panewo rudo. Mumwe nomumwe wavo yazvo nzira anobatsira uye zvakakodzera kuti vanhu.

Asi pane imwe basa iro rinobatanidza vose pamusoro. It chinonakidza uye kudanana, asi panguva imwe chete kwakaoma chaizvo. basa iri - asitironati. Rinobatanidzwa ne ngozi huru, asi panguva imwe chete riri kupfuura chinokwezva uye hunakidze. Kuti zvakarurama kuona kana unogona kuva asitironati chaiyo, unofanira kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro umhare basa iri.

Basa asitironati - hope mwana ose

Zvakaoma kuwana munhu mukuru kuti mwana haana akarota kushanyira nzvimbo. Makore, akapfuura Zvisinei, uye zvino mwana ose ano kanenge kamwe muupenyu hwako funga pamusoro asitironati basa. Kakawanda unogona kuwana chikoro essays panyaya "ramangwana basa rangu -. Asitironati" In vana ava kutsanangura zviroto zvavo pashure chesekondari. Zvisinei, pasinei mukurumbira kwakadaro pakati pevechiduku, basa iri pakati rarest munyika nokuda soro zvinodiwa nechimwe mumiriri. Ndokusaka, kana ukasarudza vasarudze dzakagadzirirwa ichi, unofanira kutanga Muchifukura asitironati basa pamwe kuti uzive chii kunosanganisira. Unofanirawo kuziva chii vari zvinodiwa kuti ramangwana nzvimbo mutyairi, nokuti basa iri pachavo vanofanira kutanga chikoro.

History of basa

basa Izvi muduku. Chete muzana remakore rapfuura, vanhu vasingagoni kunyange nezvezvandisina, kuti pedyo nyeredzi, uye ikozvino dambudziko iri riri vakabudirira kugadziriswa vechokwadi nenyanzvi.

Yuriem Gagarinym - April 12, 1961 wokutanga nzvimbo kutiza wokutanga cosmonaut mungarava chaitwa. Ngarava anonzi "East" kwakatangwa kubva Baikonur, uye kubva panguva iyoyo akaberekwa ari umhare basa - asitironati hope kusvika zvose nevana. Zita iri pamutemo zvakachengeterwa dzakagadzirirwa ichi munyika, uye chete muUnited States chete basa anonzi muchadenga kunoongorora.

The vezvikepe rokutanga vaifanira kusarudza mumwe chete basa - kuti kutiza. Zvisinei, nokufamba kwenguva, kuvandudzika nzvimbo anotsanangura hurongwa, asi basa rava cosmonaut rinorevei refu uye zvakawanda. Wakawedzera kudiwa uye, naizvozvo, mungarava nzvimbo dziri zvakasiyana nyanzvi: mainjiniya, vanotsvakurudza ruzivo, vanachiremba uye vamwe vanhu vakawanda vane chinangwa - kunyatsodzidza Universe itsva.

asitironati basa. Description vana

Cosmonaut - munhu ane kugadzirisa matambudziko akawanda mungarava. mabasa ake anosanganisira kurapa onboard gadziriro, uyewo yokutsvakurudza michina. Uyezve, anofanira kukwanisa kuverenga uchapupu nhumbi dzose mungarava uye kudzora kushanda zvose zvokushandisa uye injini mudziyo.

Zvikuru zvichiri kunoreva basa "asitironati". Description vana vanofanira kusanganisira zvose zvaidiwa kuti vafambisi vezvikepe ramangwana. Pakati pavo, chinhu chikuru - kuti kukwanisa kuita zvisarudzo dzaisatarisirwa ezvinhu. Kana ngarava akayangarara muchadenga, zvichida zvose.

Somuenzaniso, unogona kukundikana zviridzwa, iyo ichatanga kupa ruzivo kururama. Hakusi nguva dzose dambudziko anogona kugadziriswa nokubatsira Pasi. The asitironati anofanira kukwanisa kuchengeta akadzikama musoro chero mamiriro ezvinhu nokukurumidza uye kusarudza sei kugadzirisa dambudziko rimwe nerimwe. Ndokusaka kutya-mongers regai kuisa pamusoro nzvimbo chikepe.

The chikuru dzakagadzirirwa kuti muchadenga kunoongorora

To musi, kana munhu anoenda mberi kwayo ubanguranyika zvakasikwa, pamusoro asitironati basa Zvinonzi ava yakakura. It haachatyi hunongotaura kukwanisa kudzora chikepe chako nzvimbo. Kana ari kutanga pavaipfuura muchadenga kunoongorora kuva vezvikepe anobhadharwa, uri chipo basa iri kare inosanganisira vamwe Profiles zhinji. Zvino kune vatatu chikuru dzakagadzirirwa muchadenga kunoongorora.

• Test Cosmonaut, inova mutyairi wechikepe. mabasa ake anosanganisira piloting muchikepe nzvimbo kutora kubvisa uye kumhara. Zvinofanirawo dzinotarisira basa nechimwe maitiro uye chero nezviito vashandi. Cosmonaut tester, muitiro kuva vezvikepe zvechiuto.

• Cosmonaut injiniya. Uyu munhu ndiye anokonzera ichishanda zvakanaka zvose ndege unyanzvi ezvinhu, anoona zvose gadziriro pamberi kutiza uye pashure, uyewo paChikoro kukura uye kuidzwa yepamusoro michina gadziriro. Information pamusoro asitironati basa kwaizova kukwana pasina kutaura injiniya, nokuti akapiwa basa kuita chero basa rokugadziridza panguva kufamba muchadenga.

• Cosmonaut muongorori, uyo anofanira kuva zvokurapa dhigirii. Ndiye anokonzera mamiriro eutano neimwe nhengo rakarira. Uyezve, unoisa siyana kuedza uye anoitisa zvidzidzo pamusoro maitiro zvipenyu pasi ezvinhu ose weightlessness. Long-rokuti nzvimbo dzakaitwa hazviitiki pasina kutora chikamu Vatsvakurudzi.

Saka, kwete chete unyanzvi mutyairi zvinoreva basa iri. The asitironati anofanira kukwanisa kuziva uye zvakawanda. tsananguro basa iri Rinosanganisira zvakawanda zvakasiyana unyanzvi, chimwe nechimwe anoita chinhu basa rinokosha mune basa kufamba muchadenga.

Ndezvipi zvinodiwa kuti ramangwana asitironati

Kana vakasarudza kuti pashure chikoro kuva asitironati, unofanira kuziva kuti basa iri kumusoro zvinodiwa. Ndokusaka zviri kwazvo kushoma munyika.

Saka, kana basa asitironati - iri sarudzo yenyu yakasimba, unofanira kutanga kunyatsoongorora akuteerere ezvinhu muviri. Strong, utano anenge hwakakwana - mukuru chinodiwa yemberi musarudzo. Haufaniri kuva chero chirwere zvirwere uye netsika dzakaipa. Uyezve, unofanira kuva chiratidzo vakakwana. asitironati utano kunofanira kwazvo uyewo nokuti nzvimbo havazowani muchipatara. Ndokusaka ramangwana vezvikepe vanofanira kuziva zvinokosha utano zvakasiyana-siyana ezvinhu.

Kuwedzera utano, matunhu zvinoda uye utano hwepfungwa. Future asitironati anofanira kukwanisa kuchengeta akadzikama musoro uye musavhunduka chero mamiriro ezvinhu. Uyezve, havafaniri kuva pasi mwoyo siyana uye tichibatwa kuora mwoyo. Pashure pezvose, kuva kure nomusha nokusingaperi kwete vose anogona.

Kunze wakakwana muviri nepfungwa, chimwe chinodiwa chinokosha muchadenga kunoongorora ramangwana - vachisimbisa mu Chirungu. Kuti kutaura International Space Station, izvo vakasikwa zvinoitwa munyika dzakawanda. Iye nguva muchadenga kunoongorora pasi pose, nguva nenguva kutsiva mumwe.

Uyezve, unofanira kuva dhigirii ari zvekushandisa, zvokurapa kana zvechiuto dzakagadzirirwa yamunogara kunzwisisa kupfuura chero ani zvake. Pashure pezvose, vari muchadenga zvakafanira kuitisa zvinoverengeka kuedza dzesayenzi saka hapana chikonzero vaimbi, vemifananidzo uye vamiririri nemamwe ounyanzvi hwokugadzira okusika.

Sei kuva asitironati

In Mafuro iri Star City, apo pane chinokosha cosmonaut inodzidzisirwa. Kana uine utano hwakanaka, matunhu kuita uye dzidzo raida Profiles, unogona kushandisa pano kunyange munguva kudzidza payunivhesiti.

Danho rokutanga kusarudzwa inopiwa pamusoro nemibvunzo, iyo 350 vanosarudzwa. Vakagara miedzo dzenyaya dzakadai wefizikisi, masvomhu uye mutauro wokuRussia. Ipapo anogona kutarisira zvakaoma zvokurapa basa. Pashure Danho iri nhamba musarudzo ipfupi kusvika 50. kupfuura ichangopfuura vakasarudzwa kwave rakaitirwa Cosmonaut Training Center, umo achiongorora kana munhu achakwanisa kumira siyana nemiedzo yakaoma.

Somuenzaniso, imwe kubhabhatidzwa nokuti muchadenga kunoongorora vanogona kiya mune akanyudzwa zvachose nzvimbo, apo pane zvakakwana kunyarara, uye hakuna mumwe kunze pachake. Izwi mujeri akadaro 5 mazuva, umo vanotongwa ainyatsotevedzera, tichicherechedza kuchangotanga kuchinja maitiro ake. Pashure Muedzo wakaoma vanhu rombo vasere chete uyo akanyoresa yokuzviparadzanisa kuti muchadenga kunoongorora ramangwana. Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kuti nokukurumidza kuchava dzichibhururuka muchadenga. Kazhinji akagadzirira kudaro chiitiko makore 5-10, umo nguva kudzidza zvakaitika zvakasiyana siyana nemiedzo.

Panguva ngaatore-kubva chitundumusere-musere ruchiramba simba zadzisa, uye nzvimbo vachingotya weightlessness. Kuti vave vakagadzirira zvose miedzo izvi, remangwana cosmonauts kudzidza makore akawanda kudaro vasati ndege yayo yokutanga. makirasi dzavo inoitwa chaiyo mumakirasi uye gyms. Ivo kusvetukira ane parachuti, chakayerisirwa nguva yakawanda kudzidza kubhururuka uye atakure kupisa nokutonhora, kuti kujairana nemamiriro ezvinhu ose zadzisa uye weightlessness. Saka, vaya vakasarudza kusarudza vakazvimisira umhare basa, unofanira kuva vakagadzirira kukunda yakawanda nezvipingamupinyi uye zvakaoma.

mashura cosmonauts

Pasinei nokuti nzvimbo chirongwa - imwe nharaunda umo kururama rokutonga sayenzi achangobuda ruzivo nechokuita nawo zvizhinji zvakasiyana mashura uye zvinoitwa. Kana uchizopa kusarudza basa iri, iwe zvechokwadi kuziva chii mashura chokuita asitironati basa.

Vamwe vavo vane dzakavapo kubva pamazuva yokuberekwa basa iri. Somuenzaniso, Sergei Korolev, Mugadziri Mukuru wokutanga, vaiona Monday rimwe zuva zvakaipa kutanga. The tsika kutakura kuenda musi akauya nguva yedu. Uyewo nezvekutanga ngarava kumbobvira basa musi October 24 - zuva, iro riri chokuita maviri matambudziko. Muna 1960, nhasi rava raputika experimental chitundumuseremusere kuti vaiuya vakawanda vakatambudzwa, uye makore matatu gare gare moto yakatanga imwe mumigodhi kuti ngwizhingwi chitundumuseremusere. Pashure musi akava kunorambidzwa ari muchadenga purogiramu Russian.

Mashura chokuita asitironati basa, kunewo chokuita zvakasimba zita Yuriya Gagarina - wokutanga cosmonaut munyika. ndege vashandi asati fanira kushanyirwa hofisi yake, iyo ichiri zvakachengetwa yakafanana nayo akasiya kunozivikanwa mutyairi wendege, uye kupinda mashoko mubhuku nevashanyi. A vanofanira kushanya anonzi Gagarin chirangaridzo ndangariro uye dzimwe muchadenga kunoongorora vokutanga vakafa murwendo uye nokuisa maruva - red carnations.

Kusvika pana Baikonur, chinotevera vashandi kugara pahotera "Cosmonaut", inova rudzi chiratidzo pakati basa. Pamberi hotera pane wetsoka, miti ayo wakasimwa nemaoko muchadenga kunoongorora achidzoka kubva vakabudirira nzendo hanya. Future vezvikepe kuita paari kufamba, chinyararire kukumbira rutsigiro kubva zvavo mukuru navo.

The hotera chinoratidza chirongwa firimu "White Sun of Desert", ndiko kuti kutarisa neimwe nhengo rakarira.

Pakati kwairayirwa tsika dzinosanganisira chokwadi kuti vose muchadenga kunoongorora kuwana kugerwa muzuva ndege.

Panguva zvemangwanani isati yasimuka vachiita pamusoro huro champagne uye kusiya vakasaina yavo mikova yamakamuri yavaigara. Gara munyika bhazi, akashongedzwa Horseshoes, rwiyo "Uswa pedyo neimba." Tasvika panguva helipad neimwe vashandi nhengo akadzokorora zvaakaita kamwe Gagarin - irrigates kodzero rwemberi vhiri riri bhazi. Climbing mune, vashandi vemo t vanochema, asi ari kudzokera kutaura akaonekana navo iri zvachose hazvitenderwi - a semhanza zvakaipa.

Pakati tsika ikoko, uye saka - kuratidza pamusoro kanda motokari kuti kushanda kweshoko "Tanya." Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo nguva yokutanga zita mukuru akanyora murudo. Maererano runyerekupe, kana kamwe vakakanganwa kunyora vaiita shoko - the chitundumuseremusere raputika.

Nhengo All vashandi vane chikwata Mascot, izvo anosarudza nzvimbo chikepe mukuru. Kazhinji ndiwo chitoyi diki, inova chakajairika zita Boris. It wanamatira kuitira kuti unogona kuona makamera, uye pasi mabasa vari chitoyi nechipi, ngarava akasvika pakakwirira apo hakuna simba regiravhiti.

On the nzvimbo chechitima muchadenga kunoongorora zviri kukwaziswa chingwa uye munyu.

Vadzokera Earth chikwata zvakare anoita dzakatevedzana tsika, kusanganisira rokuenda chokurangaridza uye kudyara muti yavo.

nhamba kwakadaro mashura - mumwe mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti pane zvinofadza basa asitironati.

zvayakanakira basa

Kana waita sarudzo pamusoro basa ravo ramangwana, zvakakosha kuti tinyatsoongorora ose zvayakanakira ayo nezvayakaipira. Achitaura basa asitironati Chokwadi, iye ane zvakawanda zvinobatsira:

• uchaona zvavakaona vashoma munyika;
• Uchava mumhemberero kuedza zvesainzi, uye iwe unogona kuziva chinhu chitsva kuti ichabatsira kukura vanhu vose;
• kuwana mukana kubata remangwana;
• Uchaongorora sezvinoita gamba mumaziso nehama neshamwari;
• nemaziso avo pachavo vanoona nyeredzi.

Zvose izvi ndizvo chete zvinoita kuti muchadenga kunoongorora, hapana rimwe basa haabvumiri zvikuru kuona uye kudzidza. Asi musakanganwa kuti ose dzorudo basa iri riri chokuita nezvengozi zhinji uye matambudziko.

nezvayakaipira basa

Chokwadi, kupupura asitironati kuti vana - mumwe chinonyanya kukwezva uye inonakidza. Zvisinei, unofanira kunzwisisa chii nekuipira kunoita nayo, uye anofanira dzavagadzirira. Ivo:

• refu uye zvakaoma basa kutangira kutiza;
• vakawanda ngozi panguva kufamba muchadenga;
• kuparadzana refu kubva mhuri uye shamwari;
• kukuvara utano kwenguva kugara weightlessness.

Uyewo, unofanira kuziva kuti, pasinei pachiyero muzvigadzirwa mberi munyika haangagoni kusika zvinhu kuti rinodzokorora muchadenga. Pasinei dzinoverengeka vanga vaneta, asitironati kamwe muchadenga, vanofanira kuva vakagadzirira zvose matambudziko angamuka.

In mhedziso

Kamwe chawakadzidza zvose nezvokuzadziswa asitironati wokupupura, zvinodiwa kuti inoshanda vamhan'ari, mamiriro ezvinhu ayo zvakafanira kushanda, sarudzo yako ichava pakati nepakati. Unogona kunyora rondedzero woga kuziva sei zvakanaka vainzwisisa matambudziko basa, "Profession - cosmonaut" anorondedzera ose zvayakanakira ayo nezvayakaipira. Izvi zvichakubatsira kuona kuti basa iri akakukodzera.

Zvisinei, kana muchidaro kusarudza kuti unoda kubatanidza ramangwana ravo pamwe nzvimbo, kutanga nhasi kutora matanho kurota kwake. Tanga vachishingaira kuita zvemitambo, dzidza Chirungu uye wefizikisi. Verenga mabhuku panhau, uye zuva Dzidza chinhu chitsva. Zvichida iwe akaita zvakawanikwa zvinokosha kuti achaunza vanhu kuongorora mapuraneti itsva uye kuva nyanzvi, ane zita riri zvakasimba chokuita basa asitironati. All mumaoko enyu, uye chete pakuti iwe, ramangwana rakadini uve!