Avant-garde Artists. Russian chains-garde vemifananidzo remakore rechi20

Pakutanga ramakumi remakore muRussia makanga mumwe yokurera yaakatorera pakutanga modernism uye ainzi "Russian chains-garde." Panouya unonakidza akafanana chains - "pamberi" uye garde - "akachengeteka", asi vane shanduro nguva yakapfuura anonzi mazuvaano vakaridza se "Vanguard". Kutaura zvazviri, havaoni rwokufamba ichi chakava yokuFrance chains-garde vemifananidzo remakore rechi19 kuti waitsigira nokumunyima chero mazano kuti zvinhu zvinokosha kuti nguva dzose kuvapo art. Chinangwa chikuru chains-garde Artists ndiyo negation kwetsika uye mitemo sanyorwa romubati unyanzvi.

Vanguard yaro kosi

Russian chains-garde - ibatanidzo tsika Russian navamwe unyanzvi emifananidzo Western Europe. The Russian chains-garde Artists - avo akanyora chaihwoihwo werudzii Suprematism, Constructivism uye Cubo-Futurism. Chaizvoizvo, izvi mana huru dzinokura chains-garde kuitika.

• Abstractionist paainyora mapepa akapa ngwariro chaiyo ruvara uye chimiro. Kushandisa pavo, ivo akasika anoverengeka shamwari. Muvambi kufamba iyi Russia yakanga Kandinsky, uye pakupedzisira akanga anotsigirwa Malevich, Larionov, Goncharova.
• Achiwedzera pfungwa abstraction, Malevich akasika mumwe nokuda - Suprematism. The dandemutande chokutanga ichi kuitika - "Black Square". Nechemberi wemishonga zvitarisiko uye mavara anofanira kuitwa kusika mufananidzo. pfungwa Suprematist kunyatsoyeuka kwakunoitwa mabasa chains-garde vemifananidzo A. Rozanov, MI Kliun, Alexandra Exter, N. Udaltsov.
• Panobva pfungwa dzinovaka muri mifananidzo kugadzirwa michina. The havaoni rwokufamba ichi ndiyo chains-garde vemifananidzo remakore rechi20 V. Tatlin uye E. Lissitzky.
• A musanganiswa French Cubism uye Italian Futurism wakapa pave mumwe mukati: Cubo. Basa kuitwa mumagadzirirwo ichi, anokudzwa abstracts zvitarisiko uye ruvara anofambidzana zvisina zvaizivikanwa unyanzvi nguva. Mutsindo vamiririri Russian Cubo-Futurism vakava chains-garde vemifananidzo Malevich, O. Rozanova, Goncharova, N. Udaltsov, L. Popova, Alexandra Exter.

Artistic zvinhu uye aesthetics pamusoro chains-garde

Nokuti chains-garde kufamba vanoonekwa ne zvimwe kuti kusiyanisa kubva dzimwe nzvimbo:

• Garde vanogamuchira chero societal kuchinja, dzakadai chimurenga.
• Yerera cho imwe unoreva zvakawanda, somuenzaniso, rationality uye irrationality.
• Recognition, kuyemurwa uye kuremekedza zvesayenzi uye michina mberi.
• New siyana, nzira uye nzira, kwete kare kushandiswa unyanzvi nyika.
• Complete kurambwa Fine Arts VIII remakore.
• Kuramba kana kubvuma tsika, akasimbisa nheyo kupenda.
• Kuedza vane zvitarisiko, ruvara uye maketeni.

Wassily Kandinsky

All vemifananidzo remakore rechi20 chains-garde ndivo "vana" Vasiliya Kandinskogo, aiva muvambi chains-garde muRussia. All ake basa rakakamurwa 3 nzendo:

• The Munich nguva Kandinsky rinoshanda nharaunda, nokusika ounyanzvi akadai "The Blue Rider", "Gateway", "Gulf Coast muNetherlands", "Old Town".
• Moscow kumwedzi. The Mifananidzo inozivikanwa vakawanda "Amazon" nguva uye "Amazon mumakomo."
• Bauhaus uye Paris. The denderedzwa rinoshandiswa kakawanda kupfuura dzimwe geometric zvitarisiko uye noruvara muitiro inotonhorera uye kudzikama zvenzwi. Mabasa iyi vari "chiratidzo Small mu tsvuku", "Kuronga VIII», «Small Worlds", "Yellow Sound", "Zvinosetsa".

Kazimir Malevich

Kazimir Malevich akaberekwa muna February 1879 muKiev mumhuri ine wePolish. Kokutanga muupenyu basa the artist, akaedza rwake nemakore 15 okuberekwa akapiwa mamwe pendi. Kubvira ipapo, nokuti Malevich zvakanga kukosha zvinoitwa kupenda. Asi vabereki vangu havana kugoverana nechido mwanakomana uye akaramba nezvokuchera zvikuru uye mari basa. Naizvozvo Malevich akapinda chikoro agronomic. Pandakangosvika Kursk muna 1896, anoita kunyatsoziva Leo Kvachevskim, emhizha uyo anopa zano Casimir kuenda kudzidza muMoscow. Zvinosuruvarisa Malevich kaviri vakatadza kupinda Moscow School of Painting. Akatanga kudzidza unyanzvi pana Rerberg uyo akadzidzisa kwete chete majaya womufananidzo, asiwo mufudzikadzi nenzira yose: rakarongwa kuratidzira basa rake, akapa kuna veruzhinji. Vose mangwanani uye mushakabvu mabasa kubudikidza Malevich - a zvokushamisira uye zvemberi. Kufanana nevamwe Russian chains-garde vemifananidzo remakore rechi20, iye Chine basa rake undere uye unzenza, asi mufananidzo rinobatanidza ndyaringo uye aikurudzira. Muna 1915, Malevich chaipiwa kuruzhinji nhevedzano emifananidzo sezvinoita chains-garde, zvikuru nomukurumbira pakati pavo - "Black Square". Pakati mazhinji mabasa zvose mafeni uye chains-garde Artists vakabatsira "Mumwe achirwara-vavariro", "Zororo. Society munyika sepombi, "" Hanzvadzi, "" andapeni pamusoro fenzi "," mutumbi "," bindu "," Church "," Dryads vaviri, "" kubofuturisticheskogo sezvamunoita. "

Mikhail Larionov

Akadzidza paChikoro Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture uye Architecture. Vadzidzisi vake vakanga zvakadai vemifananidzo yakakurumbira sezvo Korovin, Levitan, Serov. Mukutanga mabasa Larionov rinorondedzera manotsi yokusafa okugadzira zvinhu Nesterova uye Kuznetsova asina chains-garde vemifananidzo uye dzavo mifananidzo hamuzi ichi muitiro. Dzinoratidzwa Larionov uye kunzvimbo dzakadai chevarwere unyanzvi, chinyakare. Skips manotsi zvechiuto Somuenzaniso, "Masoja pazororo" uye dzidziso yakanaka runako, kuvhenekerwa mu firimu "Venus" uye "Katsapskaya Venus." Kufanana nevamwe Soviet chains-garde vemifananidzo, Larionov akatora mugove pashoo "Mbongoro kuti Muswe" uye "Jack kuti Diamonds."

Natalia Goncharova

Goncharova pakutanga akadzidza chivezwa, uye chete akazotamira kuti kupenda. chipangamazano wake wokutanga akanga Korovin, uye panguva iyi akanga anofadzwa pashoo mifananidzo yake mweya Impressionism. zviri ipapo akamutsa yemisoro murimi mudiki unyanzvi uye tsika dzakasiyana marudzi uye eras. Izvi zvakaguma chidzoke mafirimu akadai "vaevhangeri", "Kukohwa", "Amai", "Runaround". A pachake pfungwa usingafi pamusoro kanivhasi unyanzvi akatanga kupenda "Orchids" uye "Maruva Penyai"

Olga Rozanova

Kufanana vemifananidzo vakawanda, Rozanov mushure chikoro akauya pasi pokudzora mamwe Artists. Avant-garde vemifananidzo vanodya muduku matarenda musikana muupenyu paruzhinji, uye kwemakore 10 akanga muchirongwa vakawanda kuratidzira uye rakapa yakawanda mabhuku uye mitambo. Rozanov rabva kuburikidza wandei zvokukura basa, kushandura manyorerwo uye kutungamirirwa.

Ivan Klyunkov (Kliun)

Creative nzira Ivana Klyuna payakakurudzirwa zvakachinja pashure kusangana Malevich. Kunyange ndisati pake French Artist akadzidza kupenda uye vakashanyira pashoo "Jack kuti Diamonds." Pashure musangano yenhamo Kliun anowedzera kuti muunganidzwa wake emifananidzo ne "Gramophone", "Jug" uye "kumhanya kuburikidza kwenzvimbo." More kuchangobva basa womufananidzo akaurayiwa manyorero wokufananidzira kupenda, asika Portraits, Genre nziyo, achiri upenyu, mufananidzo.

Alexandra Exter

Exter akava emhizha nokuda parwendo kuParis, apo mugumo ndokumuisa nyika-mukurumbira vemifananidzo zvakadai akadai Picasso, Jakobho, Braque, Apollinaire, uyo pakati vaiva chains-garde.
Pashure rwendo Exter akatanga kunyora impressionistic manyorerwo uye mugumisiro basa raiva mufananidzo "Kunyange upenyu ane vhasi uye maruva" uye "The hadzi Nhamba matatu." Nokufamba kwenguva, basa wakazooneka pointillism uye cubism. Alexander akapa Mifananidzo ake kuratidzira. Gare gare, yokudhirowa akaita wakayeriswa nguva yakawanda uye vasiri yokufananidzira nziyo kupendwa sefa, lampshades, mutsamhiro, uyewo magadzirirwe chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo nezvinhu.

Vladimir Tatlin

Tatlin akatanga kudzidza paChikoro Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture uye Architecture, uye ipapo - at Penza Art College. Asi tichifunga kakawanda Makwanza uye murombo zvedzidzo chaitwa, akanga adzingwa, pasina kugamuchira chitupa. Muna 1914 Tatlin akaita hwakaratidza mabasa ake ari kuratidza "Jack kuti Diamonds" uye "Mbongoro kuti Muswe". Kazhinji, mifananidzo yake zviri chokuita mevhiki hove. Basa rinokosha kuchinja mirayiridzo anotamba kunosangana Picasso akanga abva Tatlin akatanga kusika Cubist mumagadzirirwo "Larionov simba." zvaakasika inoratidza mamiriro, zvinosanganisira matanda uye simbi uye simbi kuti zvinhu kosi mu Russian constructivist chains-garde.

El Lissitzky

Kokutanga zvakasimba pamwe kupenda Lissitzky akasangana vechiJudha muvanhu Kukurudzira of Arts, kwaaishanda kubva 1916. Panguva iyoyo, haana chete yairatidza pepanhau yechiJudha, asiwo achishingaira chikamu kuratidzira yaiitirwa muMoscow uye Kiev. munyori basa Nyatsobatanidzwai chokubatanidza zvokukopa mipumburu uye miriskusnicheskie purogiramu. Patakasvika muna Vitebsk Lissitzky musoro vanofarira okugadzira zvinhu, rinogadzirira mabhuku uye mapepa. Nadto ndiye brainchild kuti "Proun" --dimensional matatu zvitarisiko, inova hwaro fenicha kugadzirwa kunyange nhasi.

Vanya Popova

Kufanana vemifananidzo vakawanda, Popov akatora multistep nzira inotungamirwa: mabasa ayo okutanga anoitwa sezvinoita Cézanne, uye gare gare akazviratidza zvimwe Cubism, Fauvism uye Futurism. Popov ndinoona nyika sezvo mukuru achiri-upenyu, uye amutamisa kuna kanivhasi muchimiro kwakajeka mifananidzo. Pfungwa iri akaripa rudo manzwi mavara. Izvi chinosiyanisa basa rake kubva pabasa Malevich. Kuratidza zvakagadzirwa chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo nezvinobvamo, Popov ave vakashandisa manyorero "Art deco", iro nokubatanidza chains-garde uye ano. The Artist yakanga yaingowanikwa chokubatanidza incongruous Somuenzaniso, pamwe Renaissance Cubism uye Russian iconography.

Basa Russian chains-garde munhau

Zviitiko zvizhinji chains-garde zvichiri kushandiswa vemazuva yakaisvonaka Arts, pasinei nokuti iye pachake somunhu Vanguard kuti vazodya chaizvo refu. Chikuru Chikonzero yakawondomoka ari vakawanda mirayiridzo, izvo akasika chains-garde vemifananidzo. Vanguard Art zvaiita kuumba Photographic firimu, uye akabvumira kuti kukudziridza matsva siyana, nzira uye negadziriso kugadzirisa matambudziko hwokudhirowa.