Bashkirs uye Tatars: kusiyana kwechitarisiko uye hunhu

Kamwe Tatars uye Bashkirs vaigara pamwe chete uye akavaka umambo kukuru. Vanotaura mutauro pedyo, asi zvino ukama aya dzimwe nguva regai kuva pamapatya. Vanhu vanenge kare vakatonga nharaunda emakore, ndine chokwadi chokuti mutauro wevanhu, uye kwemazana emakore kurarama munharaunda - chete nendimi mutauro mukuru uye yekare. Uyezve, kunyange kuvapo yakazvimirira muvakidzani pasi mubvunzo: "Isu - vanoti - vanhu mumwe." Uye zvirokwazvo, munzvimbo inogarwa pedyo Bashkirs uye Tatars, misiyano ezuva nezuva mararamiro kazhinji razero.

Zvinokonzera kurwisana

The muvakidzani haribvumirani. "Iwe vanoraramira pachavo, asi isuwo rokugovera." Vavakidzani vari chivimbo kwayo kuzivikanwa, kufanana mutauro wavo, kuvaka yavo mamiriro. anoti zvakadaro rusununguko hukuru vanhu sokuti chero paangodira. Vane chivimbo chokuti pedyo nyika - rakagadzirwa nevanhu sangano. Chokutanga, nokuti ichi kunosvika chipikirwa chokuti rebei chikamu bashkorstana hunodzorwa dzemadzinza Tatars uye Bashkirs, uyezve, zvikuru kazhinji kutaura mumutauro wechiTatar. The kwomuzvarirwo chido chikuru nevanhu mundima - kuti mutauro wayo yepamutemo uye kuitira kuti vagari vose kurishandisa. Zvakakodzera kuratidza kuti varidzi venyika - the Bashkirs uye Tatars kusiyana mafungiro aizofanira kubvuma.

Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kushanda. Tatars uye Bashkirs - vanhu mumwe, achivimba Tatarstan uye wechiTatar nemisha dzakawanda bashkorstana. Bashkirov mhosva kumanikidzira chakagadzirwa kuitwa uye mutauro. Izvi pamwe nezvaidiwa kuti mutauro wechiTatar akava yechipiri mamiriro muna Tatarstan.

Saka, nhoroondo kutonga kusvika chauvinism pamusoro muropa rudzi chivakwa. Ndiani ane zvakawanda zvakanaka? Bashkirs uye Tatars - kusawirirana kana ani?

Sei -oma kurwisana kwemarudzi

Kunenge kuti munhu Russia akanga anzwa ari kurwa kwakadaro, asi hazvisi nekuti kuzvipokanidza aya asingakoshi. Vanowanzova kuva akasimba zvikuru kupfuura Russian-Ukrainian. Havazivi nezvazvo hakusi nokuti vokuRussia havana hanya chii kurarama Chuvash, Tatars uye Bashkirs. Uye Adygeys, Shor, Nenets uye Dolgan. Uye, chokwadi, Yakuts.

Zvino Tatars, Bashkirs uye sezvo pedyo vanhu Russian, sedzimwe 194 vemunyika kweyokutanga USSR. Izvozvo ndizvo pasingaverengwi duku avanhu, riri guru pasi. Heino mufananidzo Bashkirs uye Tatars. Kusiyana mapikicha transmits kuti zvokupfeka chete. Imwe mhuri chete!

Zvakaoma kugadzirisa pasina kumutsidzirwa tsika Nhaurirano kutopedza degeneration National elites: asi Bashkirs uye Tatars - daka. Kunyange zvazvo Kurwisana hadzina Logged mu sokuziva, muti, kuCaucasus, apo yaimbova Cumans (Kumyks) kumbogara norugare nevanhu mugomo. Rairambidzwa chaikosha ichi haagoni kuva chero nzira kunze kushandiswa simba. Tatars uye Bashkirs vakarasika haisi zvose.

national kunzwisisa

Funga dzinza nziyo kunyatsotevera. Wokupedzisira Kuverenga akaratidza 29% kubva Bashkirs muna Bashkorstane. Tatars Kunoumbwa 25%. Pasi pokutonga Soviet, okuverengwa akaratidza nehasha zvakaenzana nhamba zvose. Zvino Tatars vakapomera Bashkorstan mu postscript uye kuitwa, uye Bashkirs zvinoratidza kuti "otatarennye" Bashkirs vakadzokera kwavo kuzivikanwa. Zvisinei, kupfuura chete Bashkorstane Russian - 36%, uye zvavanotaura nezvazvo, hapana anobvunza.

Russian mhenyu kunyanya mumadhorobha dzoga, apo kumaruwa dzaitongwa Bashkirs uye Tatars, kusiyana Russian izvo ziso hazvina kunyanya kuoneka. In Russian pane midzi zvinopesana chimwe vanhu, kunyange avo nokurerwa ari Bashkirs uye Tatars. The musiyano yezvakaita ukama iguru kuti dzomunzvimbo dzinopesana yeko Russian vokuTurkey vari zvikuru kashoma.

Kubva munhoroondo ehurumende

Kare, Russia yakaumbwa kubva nzvimbo inogarwa siyana avanhu, seshumba Pacchiwaku pamucheka. Uye pashure pokuchinja Chokwadi, mubvunzo yokuzvitonga marudzi aya. Mumakore okutanga simba Soviet uye akaumba muganhu Bashkortostan, kusanganisira vazhinji Tatars mundima yavo. Tatarstan akapa zvirongwa zvavo inoshamisa unanimity kuratidzwa pano uye SRs Idel-Ural, uye Bolsheviks Tatar-Bashkir Soviet Republic. It vakafunga vasina kuroora uye mumwe vanhu.

Zvisinei, Bashkirs, vakanga vari Russian Empire, kirasi uto, sezvaiitwa Cossacks, akaumba nehondo uye vakabvuta simba Urals mudunhu. Soviet Russia avaita pashure kusaina chibvumirano. It akazviratidza, kuti Small Bashkurdistan, apo dzemadzinza Bashkirs, vachava pasi simba Bashkirs. Terms of chibvumirano Chokwadi, nguva nenguva akambokanganiswa, Bashkirs vakasimuka, asi dzakaguma 1922, zvinenge zvose Ufa dunhu akanga atova muna Bashkir zvionera Soviet Socialist Republic. Pashure paizvozvo, pakanga pachine vamwe kuchinja muganhu: Bashkorstan vakarasika kumaruwa inogarwa chete nokuda Bashkirs, asi basa.

Nhasi bashkorstana Muganhu - chikamu national kuziva pamusoro Bashkirs, uye handidi kuvapa. Ndokusaka Bashkirs uye Tatars, musiyano pakati iyo Russian Somuenzaniso, hazvina chaizvo kuonekwa uye edza kukurumidza pachavo mune mumwe. Kunyange zvazvo nhamba Tatars muna Bashkortostan akafanana ne nhamba Bashkirs, nokuzvidzora Bashkir miganhu sangano iri pasi rusingaperi ngozi. Chokwadi, Tatars vaigara Bashkortostan, zvose mauto tichidzivisa uye vanoda yakabatana National mamiriro.

Non-hasha chibvumirano

kurwisana kwemadzinza pakati Tatars uye Bashkirs Russia akakwanisa -oma. Asi haana kuurayiwa, uye pane mukana kuti rimwe zuva kusununguka. Kana Republic vakanga changamire, ipapo makakatanwa angangotadza kuva refu akaramba oga, asi, chero zvazvingava, unogona kuedza. The Nationalist hurumende - nguva dzose chinhu chakaipa; pano zvinoita kuyeuka Ossetians uye Abkhazians, Georgia vakatya nationalist chirongwa, Gagauz pakati vokuMoldova, vokuSerbia, vokuCroatia. Saizvozvowo, uye Tatars handidi nokusangana kupinda tsika Bashkirs, achisiya wake vanoti.

Kusvikira ropa rakadeurwa, uye vanoti yakatotanga yakazivisa, tinogona kutarisira rugare nhaurirano uye zvizere nokugadziriswa nokupokanidzana. Musiyano Tatars uye Bashkirs mumafungiro zvinogona kukurirwa.

Saka, chii vari Zvinotaurwa mapato? Bashkirs vanoda inviolability pamiganhu uye pfungwa yacho Bashkir State. Tatars havadi kurasikirwa kutungamirira nharaunda. Tatars bashkorstanskie vanoda pachako kwavo uye mutauro wavo. Uye hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti Tatarstan vakawanda vezvourudzi vanoda mumwe Big Tatarstan.

Kufambisa kuti zvido

Bashkirs kuda "Bashkir" riri mundima yavo - kumurega kuwana pamwe inviolability pamiganhu. Tatars havadi nezvairehwa - regai kugamuchira rinovimbisa kuti havangagamuchiri kusangomanikidzira mutauro Bashkir Bashkir uye kuzivikanwa. Tatarstan anoda kuva mutungamiri munzvimbo - kugutsikana nekuenzana.

All Marudzi bashkorstana vanofanira kodzero yokugamuchira dzidzo mururimi rwavo (pamwe fanira kudzidza Bashkir somunhu yoga pasi). mutauro Tatar anogona kushandiswa simba bashkorstana, asi haana kuva yepamutemo mutauro pamusoro ndima chete Bashkir haana.

Bashkorstan anogona kutaura National quotas, kuva aitungamirira basa Bashkirs, asi paivawo mumiririri nemamwe marudzi, uye anofanira kuramba nezvairehwa Tatars uye kuchinja kwevanhu. Tatarstan vakaramba miganhu dzinofunga uye kubva urongwa nezvekuva chizvarwa chenyika mbiri. Bashkorstan waives ayo vanoti National-miganhu kuzvionera. Asi anotarisira kuti yakadaro nhaurirano ichaitwa nokukurumidza, kuchigere.

Justice akararama muhero uye paradhiso - chete rudo

urongwa kwakadaro ingaita kusaruramisira uye zvechokwadi mumwe uye rimwe divi. Asi chii ndiye nzira, pane achafara? Musiyano Tatars uye Bashkirs iyi nyaya hakuwaniki, uye zvichava zvakaipa kumunhu wose. Kudivi rimwe, kuti Tatars kunzwisisa kuti nyika - kiyi dzavo dzinofunga kuti utungamiri. Tatars vaigara Bashkorstane, rive kubatana pakati chinoda.

Uye kana hondo, kunyange vakakunda kuitika, Tatarstan anowana muvengi akaipisisa panguva miganhu, pamwe izvi, kwete kuona Mvumo dzakawanda, asi ichava yakawanda nokufungirana kubva pedyo chinoda. Murunyararo kuti Bashkirs haana kukanda mapfumo miganhu reRepublic uye basa vanhu vayo munharaunda.

Bashkirs dzinewo zvakawanda kunzwisisa. Ponesai muganhu uye mamiriro ari titular rudzi zvinogoneka chete panyaya chibvumirano navanhu vaigara zvokuvhoterwa. Pane nezvechisarudzo: udzvinyiriri National madzinza. Hapana chakanaka bashkorstana yadzinovimbisa - hapana dzakawanda chinzvimbo, kana noukama ayo nevavakidzani ayo dzepedyo.

Zvino nokuti Russian, iyo ruzhinji

Sei kuva mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai, kuRussia mupenyu munzvimbo bashkorstana uye Tatarstan? Zvino mutauro wokuRussia ane disproportionate zvinobatsira mune zvose chinoda, kunyange zvavo nenyika. Pane zvachose kutonga mutauro Russian mubhizimisi, mune zvenhau zvose uye kubudiswa, uye voruzhinji Kutarisirwa iri zvinenge zvachose inoitwa Russian, kunyange apo nhamba yevanhu Russian iri diki.

In Bashkortostan nyore kukwira upward, asingazivi wechiTatar kana Bashkir. Asi kunyange shamisa kutaura nezvazvo, kana munhu asingazivi Russian. Haukwanisi enzanisa dzidziso Bashkir uye wechiTatar vana Russian vane achidzidzisa Russian Tatars uye Bashkirs. murayiro Russian mutauro, pasina chakasara uye nepaunogona kuti hazvigoni akati pamusoro zvarinoroora wokuRussia National mutauro chinoda.

Russian zvakadaro, "bashkirizatsiya" anowanikwa kana "tatarizatsiya" - chero zvazvingava, pamusoro makumi emakore mashomanana anotevera kupfuura mugove mutauro wokuRussia achava dzakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura chero nyika. Zvakaitika, pasinei zvose kutaura pakuenzana uye kururamisira. A mufananidzo enyika inogona rakabudiswa chibvumirano, sezvo chinzvimbo uye faira uye vanoda Bashkirs uye Tatars. Kusiyana navo haakoshi uye munzvimbo inokosha akadai chitendero kunze kusatendera uye Orthodoxy, izvo varipo vari vaviri chinoda, vakawanda vanozviti Sunni Islam.

zvakanaka mberi

Tariro kuvandudza Bashkir-wechiTatar ukama yakabuda pashure President M. Rakhimov. President of Republic vaipanana kushanyirwa. In Ufa Ndakatanga Tatar TNV mugero ari muchimiro hofisi wokudhinda.

Ikawanda nemagariro uye upfumi pamwe chinoda izvi. Kunyange zvazvo matambudziko unsolved hauna uye kuramba vari hukama pakati penyika mbiri vakawanda kuzvipokanidza. Kutaura zvazviri, ndiye chinoshamisa kuti elites dzavanhu, chinotevera mutauro uye zvakafanana tsika yakatanga, hazvibviri pakubatsirana yokusvika rudzi-kuvaka matambudziko.

Location zvakasiyana chiratidzo ethno-enyika nzvimbo? 1917-D wayo zvakaipa, pamwe mushonga uri kusimba kure chipo, asi, zvakadaro, pane kusawirirana vachiri kukanganisa mafungiro maviri hama marudzi yakavanzwa.

Zvinokonzera kurwisana

Kana iwe kuchera kumativi, unogona kusarudza kubva kanivhasi zviitiko ane remakore kare zvikuru zvinhu zvishanu chiitiko ichi. Chokutanga - the kuzviitira, mumwe - zvikuru chinangwa.

1. ruvengo uye kushayikwa kunzwisisa pakati vatungamiri Zaki Validi uye Gayazom Iskhaki yakakwana.

Zaki Walid aiva mutungamiriri Bashkir yekusunungura kufamba kubva 1917 kusvika 1920. Orientalist, Historian, Ph.D., purofesa honorary nhengo University of Manchester mune ramangwana. Asi - chete mutungamiri.

Ayaz İshaki - national mutungamiriri kufamba Tatarstan, muparidzi uye munyori, publicist uye enyika. Anoshingaira Muslim - predominated mukugadzirwa, uye ipapo kubata Congress of vaMuslim wokutanga pre-echimurenga Moscow. Smart vanhu vakadzidza zvakanaka, wadii zvakanaka?

2. Nyaya nyika yave nezita Tatars uye Bashkirs nenzira dzakasiyana.

Tatars makore 365 kubva Colonisation zvishoma nezvishoma vakarasikirwa dzose atora panguva Mongol-wechiTatar joko, sezvo mamiriro ndima idzi yakanga inokosha: nzizi, migwagwa, dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana. nguva First - pashure 1552, ipapo - pakutanga rechi18 kusvika wamambo paakaenda muna Tatarstan vakanga aparadza feudal nemadzishe uye nyika kune Russian vatama uye upfumi. Sezvo landlessness rashanduka njodzi nokuda Tatars chaiye.

Zvakasiyana muna Bashkir mundima ine iri tsarist hwacho patrimonial rworudyi, uye ndaingogara nokuti paya. Panguva yenzara, nyaya pasi tsars nenguva - kamwe pamakore 3-5, uyewo panguva yacho Stolypin kuchinja mu Bashkiria akasvika kugara kubva Russia uye kubva pedyo nenyika. Kuvakwa nemakambani vanhuwo zvavo. Nyika nyaya yaiva Bashkiria nguva dzose zvikuru nehasha, uye kubvira 1917 rava raivapo paumbwe imwe National sangano.

3. Geza nzvimbo yomugariro wacho wechiTatar uye Bashkir nyika.

Earth Tatars vaiva pakadzika Empire, vakanga vasina miganhu chero shoma nharaunda, izvo zvinogona nokubatanidza kwekushereketa zvakafanana zvido. Bashkiria dzinenge miganhu musi Kazakhstan - Russian mashanu makiromita nyika akaparadzanisa Republic kubva mumwe. Mukana wenyika pamwe yakanga kwazvo.

4. Vamwe kusiyana ezvinhu kugarwa pamusoro Bashkirs uye Tatars muna Russian Empire.

Akaparadzira kugarwa pamusoro Tatars pamberi chimurenga, kunyange nyika yavo hadzisi vazhinji, pamusoro Bashkirs, zvakamisa hurongwa ari munyika yavo ruzhinji.

5. Different tsika uye vakadzidza pachiyero Bashkirs uye Tatars.

Kana vakapararira Resettlement pakati Tatars, avo chombo chikuru chaiva ungwaru, kuvimbika uye sangano. Simba Bashkirs havana madrassas uye ungwaru. Ivo vaiva munyika, vaiva muuto uye akagadzirira chero nguva kudzivirira kwavo rusununguko.

Pasinei zvose zvinhu izvi zvinogona kuva noushamwari chaizvo Bashkirs uye Tatars. Photos munyaya akaratidza kakawanda chaizvo pamapatya uye yakanaka vavakidzani ukama.