Biography Puankare Anri. Pfungwa Anri Puankare

Jules-Anri Puankare - kwakajeka musayendisiti, yakakura Profile nezvebasa iro akacherekedza mupiro huru dzakawanda nzvimbo wefizikisi, masvomhu uye hurongwa. Uyu murume akava muvambi Qualitative nzira topology uye dzidziso pamusoro differential equations, iye akasika hwaro dzidziso kugadzikana inofamba. "Science uye pfungwa" Anri Puankare - basa, izvo rava chaiwo, vakadzidza nevadzidzi zvose unyanzvi kumayunivhesiti.

sainzi

Article Poincare refu asati mapepa Einstein kuti ane mashoko huru zvokudya dzidziso relativity. Somuenzaniso, nheyo relativity, ari relativity pamusoro pfungwa simultaneity, wachi yaunonyanya kushandisa nechiedza anonongedzera, Lorentz, dzinogara kumhanya chiedza, kwemashoko ari Maxwell equations, uye vamwe vakawanda.

Puankare Anri akakurukura diki parameter nzira vakahushandisira matambudziko hurongwa yokudenga, iye akadzidzawo vakazvimiririra chaiwo dambudziko-muviri matatu. Kunyange uzivi akakwanisa kusika pakutevedzera hutsva, rinonzi conventionalism.

udiki

Nzvimbo yechizvarirwo of musayendisiti guru Lorraine muna Nancy muFrance April 29, 1854. baba vake - Leon Puankare - panguva iyoyo akanga achiri muduku zvikuru, asi kare inozivikanwa muguta uye nzvimbo dzakapoteredza pedyo nachiremba kuti chokwadi akanga akabatikana rabhoritari zvidzidzo ndikamuraira panguva Medical mano University. mai vake - Eugenia - pakurera vana. The mwanasikana haana kukonzera kunetseka zvikuru sezvo duku Jules-Anri Puankare: kugarofunga yake nguva akava kunozivikanwa.

Amai haana kuziva kuti kushaikwa iyi kunoratidza vachiberekwa dzakapiwa sechipo yomukati pfungwa yakadzika uye kuvhiringidzika zvachose kubva chokwadi. Uyezve, mushure diphtheria Anri Puankare awana itsva yepamusoro - akabatanidza nzvanyira rinonzwika pamwe nemamwe mavara. Apo neapo vana (kunyanya mbeveve pachisikigo) vane unhu uhwu. Anri Puankare akaramba kugona ichi upenyu.

musha dzidzo

Wokunzi pamwe mwana ane nyanzvi chaiyo uye munhu yakafara dzidzo, munhu akazvarwa mudzidzisi - Alphonse Gintselin. Kuwedzera nemitemo yomutauro, nhoroondo, jogirafi uye zvipenyu mukomana nokukurumidza nyanzvi zvose zvina svomhu akavhiyiwa uye akava nyore kuverenga mupfungwa dzenyu. Mudzidzisi mabasa haana kusiya, havasi kunyora chavanoziva, saka kare kwazvo auditory kuyeuka mwana akarwarisa nokusimbisa. Pakazosvika nzira, kwakajeka Kuda kutamba zvake zvakawanwa haana kufanana, tsamba yakanga kuramba kuregeredzwa. It akapinda kubvisa nzira.

lyceum

Vadzidzisi nansiyskom Lyceum farai kuti vanodzidza mudzidzi saka kuongorora uye kushingaira sezvo Puankare Anri. Pamba kudzidzisa kwakadaro yakanaka, iyo ndangotanga kudzidza mugiredhi rechipiri. essays zvakanakisisa kuchinzi, svomhu, zvakare, zvakanga nyore, asi rudo chairwo kwaari, haasati akanzwa.

Makore mashomanana gare gare kuna Puankare Anri mai vakauya mudzidzisi vashatirwa uye mwanakomana wake akaporofita ramangwana mukuru akarongeka. Asi, pasinei neizvi, mukomana akaramba zvidzidzo ake mumabhuku dhipatimendi kuburikidza vachivhura Latin uye Classics yekare. Liberal musekiwa dzidzo panguva musayendisiti mukuru kwemakore gumi nematanhatu akanga kupfuura izere. Panguva iyo kwaiva zviitiko zvinokosha zvikuru muupenyu asina chete France asiwo yose Europe: yaFranco-Prussian Hondo uye dzeParis Tauriranai.

yunivhesiti

Double kuva BA (Mutauro Arts uye Sciences), Puankare Anri akatanga kudzidza zvokutanga masvomhu - zvino chaizvoizvo nechido. Uye geometry, uye nemasvomhu uye akarongeka ongororo - izvi zvose sverhseroznaya mabhuku masayendisiti akaita vaitire, iye chaizvoizvo savored mutsetse ose zvinyorwa Rouche vake, Bertrand, Sala, Duhamel kwaari. Zvokutanga masvomhu iye Saka akadzidza mugore.

Ecole polytechnique

Kuti kushanda hurumende kana muuto yakanaka zvekushandisa chinzvimbo, Puankare Anri akava mudzidzi ari Ecole Polytechnique, apo, pasina mubvunzo, akanga achitungamirira pakati vadzidzi vokutanga zvinenge zvose nyaya. Haana kubudirira kudhirowa, sketching, uye munyaya zvechiuto.

In vanodhirowa ake Somuenzaniso, kwakanga kusina zvakafanana kana converging, kwavakagamuchirwa kunge, kana kunyange chete twasu mitsetse. Asi wefizikisi, kemisitiri uye masvomhu, iye akanga ane simba zvokuti vezera ake akasawanikwa. Ndapedza kubva Ecole Polytechnique ramangwana musayendisiti mukuru akaramba zvidzidzo ake panguva Mountain, vakatora kare kuzvikoshesa yokutsvakurudza chaicho.

chikoro of Mines

Ideas waitsvaka uye vakawana nzira yokubuda pfungwa dzake panguva zvidzidzo ake panguva School of Mines, mune makore mashoma achava hwaro doctorate chinyorwa. Vose haazairangarira masvomhu, haachisiri kuva dzinonakidza, kunze mineralogy chimwe chete. Uye kunyange mineralogy uye chikamu kwayo pamusoro crystallography. Nekuti zvose aiziva parutivi nguva Anri Puankare pamusoro nesayenzi, loach vilos kumativi dzidziso mapoka, uko kinematics nezvishoma ndinoiitawo crystallography - mumwe huru pamusoro pokushandisa bazi iri masvomhu, apo anenge chaihwoihwo. Naizvozvo chinyorwa yakanyorwa. Ragamuchira dzakawanda accolades kubva mapurofesa uye nemasayendisiti. chinyorwa akapa kodzero kudzidzisa kumayunivhesiti, pane imwe nyanzvi huru uye akatora dzimwe nguva akashanda pakugoverwa Vesoul mumigodhi. Muna 1979, Anri Puankare University, akasvika Cannes kudzidzisa kwemasvomhu kuongorora.

Yokusarudza 1881

Muna 1881, magazini inonyanya chiremera dzesayenzi French yakabudisa nyaya pamusoro Poincare Fuchsian mashandiro, yaiva budiriro iri sayenzi masvomhu. Mumakore maviri akatevera, kwaiva zvinopfuura makumi maviri nemashanu nyaya. mathematicians European akatanga kunyatsotevera akuteerere danho ose matsva kwemasvomhu Zvinovheneka.

Fuchsian mabasa rwakazvitsaurira mumwe mashanu nyaya, mumwe nomumwe yaiva chaiye musayenzi zvakawanikwa. Pasinei zvikuru yakadzika svetuka kupinda pamasvomhu muna 1881 na Jules-Anri Puankare aiva nguva kuwira murudo kuroorwa uye kufamba nemhuri yake kubva Normandy kuParis kutanga kudzidzisa payunivhesiti.

Paris

In yunivhesiti guru raMwari nemasayendisiti vaduku zvidzidzo zvina zvikuru rwaiitwa noruremekedzo kuti differential equations, chinokosha makakombama dzavo kuchisazitasingwi pfungwa uye muganhu zvinogara, anomirira itsva bazi wemasvomhu somunhu sainzi. Puankare Anri maviri namanomwe kusarudzwa vane zvavakanyora aonekwa mabhuku, kumhara pamusoro laurels edu haana, nekuti Qualitative nzira dzidziso diffentsialnyh equations kusvikira hapana akaita. Izvi rukoko vangasimudzira itsva masvomhu zvaida mberi pakudzidza: nzira parameter duku dzidziso chinokosha invariants, uye dzidziso kutsiga differential equations ari parameters diki uye kutanga ezvinhu.

Nechekare muna 1886, Anri Puankare akava mukuru weDhipatimendi kwemasvomhu wefizikisi uye fungidziro yokuti pa University of Paris, uye muna 1887 iye akasarudzwa nhengo French Academy of Sciences. Opening akatevera Zvakawanikwa: dzidziso automorphic mashandiro, combinatorial topology, differential geometry, algebraic topology, mukana dzidziso, chadzo pachisara , uye vamwe minda ruzivo zhinji hausisiri chakavanzika kuna Puankare Anri.

yefizikisi

Three-dimensional vibrations pakati kwemasvomhu wefizikisi yokuita dzidziso chinozunguzirwa kupararira (diffraction), dambudziko kupisa conduction, dzidziso zvinogona, iyo pfungwa yacho nheyo Dirichlet - ichi hachisi zvose kuti icho, mvumo uye akaratidza kwakajeka musayendisiti munguva pfupi nguva. Somwana, akatarisisa spellbound makadzika nyeredzi usiku, uye ikozvino vakura Poincare aiziva kuti mitumbi yokudenga kwete chete kupa chiedza kuti vanhu vanogona kuona zvenyama ziso, asi mumwe, anokunyengedzera, kugadzirisa pfungwa. "Science uye pfungwa" Anri Puankare - basa, akajekesa nyaya zhinji pamusoro munhu maonero musayenzi mananara.

Muna 1889, akagamuchira dzakawanda mubayiro nokuda basa rake "hurongwa yokudenga", iro-muviri matatu wefizikisi, iro Mashoko iyo akashanda se tambo nhetembo yekare muchiLatin: Nunquam praescriptos transibunt sidera fines - "Usaita rasai ushandiswe miganhu yenyika." Humwe kudzidza nzvimbo iyi kwakaguma mavhoriyumu matatu bhuku "nzira New makanika yokudenga", akava chaiwo kutsvakurudza kwesayenzi, kwete chete nezvenyeredzi uye hurongwa, asiwo quantum makanika uye Statistical wefizikisi. Somugumisiro, Professor Puankare Anri panguva Sorbonne, akakokwa achatungamirira dhipatimendi makanika yokudenga ipapo, uye akabvuma. Makore gumi kudzidza dzidziso fungidziro uye akarongeka wefizikisi pa Paris akapfuura akaita zuva rimwe.

pamusoro-soro

Shanda Puankare Anri "Science uye pfungwa" yakabudiswa muna 1902 uye akadana madenderedzwa kwesayenzi kuchikosha resonance, sezvo musayendisiti akanyora, kupfuura zvose, vanofunga kuti hapana chakakwana chinhu - kana nzvimbo kana nguva, vanhu vanonzwa zvikuru hama kufamba, kunyange apo vainzwa yakasiyana. Akasarudzwa chete zvokuimba kuti chokwadi, uye vaya vasina vasiri Euclidean geometry haigoni sechinoitika nesayenzi.

Munguva upenyu Poincaré wakaunganidza mhando dzose mazita, mibayiro uye mibayiro, zviri mazita Paris Institute of Mathematics uye hombe muzigomba pamusoro (kwasviba) divi mwedzi.