Biography Starodum. Comedy Denisa Ivanovicha Fonvizina "Oaf"

Ichi kutamba yakakurumbira Fonvizin rakanyorwa naye muna 1782. Comedy magamba vaiva vanhu vakasiyana munzanga strata avakuru XVIII remakore, serfs, vakuru vakuru vehurumende uye vazviidza fashoni mudzidzisi. Tisati anoratidza zvakazara dingindira "Biography Starodum" kugara zvishoma pamusoro pavagere imba Prost, nekuti navo zvose vakatanga.

Prost

Saka, vanhu vanonyanya kutaurwa: ignoramus - gumi Mitrofanushka - namai vake, Ms. Prost, inova huru kunaka hunhu basa iri. Hazvina utsinye uye capricious, uye anoda kuroora mwanakomana wake sagona Mitrofan, uyo zvachose hanya zvose. Haadi mai vake, asi chete kunyepedzera pamusana wayo simba uye simba hunhu.

Prost, kudzidza kuti murume muzukuru Sophia murume (a kwaye chaizvo uye vakadzidza murume) akava mugari wenhaka guru upfumi, izvo iye bequeaths babamunini wake anokosha Starodum akasarudza zvose chaiva kumuroora vake simbe Mitrofanushka. Zvisinei Starodum hama dzakanga refu vakamuviga, uye ikozvino kubva ino chaiyo zita rake anouya pachena. The imba Prost zvose vanotanga kuenda achipenga nokuda nhaka Sofia, pashure 10,000 - uwandu panguva iyoyo haisi achinyengedza. Starodum aiva ani uye kwayakanga yabva?

Biography Starodum

The waidzora kutamba Fonvizin Starodum akapa chimwe chinhu chakanaka uye chinonyanya zvakanaka vatambi. Akava vateveri vake. Zvechokwadi, basa "The Minor" kwakakanganisa mazhinji enyika, magariro evanhu, dzidzo uye dzetsika.

Writer zvakananga anosiya mubvunzo rakazaruka kana Starodum muridzi womunda, asi inozivikanwa kuti hazvina akabatwa mudare ramambo uye ipapo vakaenda kuSiberia. In Mashoko gamba rake, ipapo kuwana mari, pasina kuchinja navo nehana, kwete meanly Buck uye kwete nokubira nyika, kuwana kwavo munyika rusina unyengeri uye ndichaita popravosudnee vanhu, uye kuti zvavaiita kubhadhara nokutendeseka wechokwadi uye rupo.

"Zvakaenda kwamachinda"

Fonvizin bhizimisi Starodum unoratidza kwacho chaiko hupfumi upenyu Russian kwamachinda, akakwezva ayo kuteerera pashure munyori French kushandurwa imwe bhuku rinonzi "bargaining kwamachinda protivupolozhennoe nemauto kwamachinda."

Starodum Biography rinoti kuti akanga muchifumiswa mumigodhi ndarama, chinangwa chacho chaiva nechokwadi yakanaka neramangwana rake muzukuru chete uye vanodiwa - Sofyushki. Ndangariro Starodum akachenjera uye anokosha, Jesu anomuudza kuti akanga aita chirwere zvokuti anogona kubvumira kwake kuroorwa, kunyange varombo, asi chinhu chikuru - yekutenga murume. Haadi batanidza zvakanaka muzukuru kuti vaiva serfs lyudom.

Uye haasi masanga: Fonvizin akanyora mutambo ari neapo, kana Russia akaedza kudzidza kubva murimi mudiki nehondo 1773-1775. uye akafungisisa zvikonzero zvayo, izvo akapotsa akatungamirira feudal-revatongi mamiriro kukuparadzwa nokurasika. Zvisinei, kudzivisa vanhu kuti kushatirwa, mamiriro Catherine II avakuru mberi chakasimbisa uye akawedzera ropafadzo mukirasi mutongo. Varombo pamberi mutemo akatarira kunyanya simba uye vasingabatsiri. In mutambo "The Minor" izvi nyaya enyika vava chakasimba chaizvo uye kukamura uchishandisa.

Free-mafungiro, echimurenga uye muvandudzi

Biography Starodum, izvo iye oudza interlocutors ake, kunyanya Pravdina uye Milo, rinosanganisira mashoko pamusoro kuti, kuti aiva makore 60 okuberekwa. zita rake rinoratidza kuti anotevera nhungamiro yakare yaitonga - nenguva Peter I. Starodum akayeuka mashoko ababa vake, uyo akaramba akanga nguva dzose pamusoro zvaunofanira kuva mwoyo uye mweya, uye ipapo iwe uchakurati- munhu chero nguva.

In ichi satirical kutamba Starodum anongowanika pakupera wokutanga chiito. Pamwe Pravdin Milon uye anobvisa Sophia Prostakova kubva kushungurudzwa uye chinopa yera yokurera asingazivi benzi Mitrophan.

Unhu Starodum anoti mumwoyo make ari mukuru muvandudzi uye echimurenga. Ari zvokudya pamwe hurumende nokusaruramisira, apo chokwadi uye kutendeseka basa yagara devalued, zvose ndikasarudza nokukurukurirana prisposoblennichestvo uye servility. Education Starodum havabvumirwi chinyararire kutarisa sei dzimwe shamwari dzake dzepedyo rokunyengedza uye kuvirima waitsvaka. Ndicho chikonzero akasiya basa, nokuti vakakoniwa kutarisisa zvakawanda zvakafanana chepamusoro havasi chete vanhu, asi vakaisvochenjeresa uye akafanira zvikuru akagara kunze pamukova.

aphorisms Starodum

Nemhaka yake nomwoyo wakatendeseka, dzidzo uye dzidzo yetsika, izvozvo rinozivisa mirawu hurumende, apo zvose mitemo kudzorwa ndivo musoro uye zvakanaka.

Chimwe dzinonakidza Chokwadi ndechokuti aphorisms Starodum kuyemurika nekuti anoti zvakanaka chaizvo chinhu Somuenzaniso, kuti zvikuru chinoziva pasina mweya anova akangwara kusiririsa chisikwa. Haana matai kudzokorora kuti dzidzo yacho vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata - nyaya ehurumende. Uye pano inofanira kusanganisirwa dzidzo mwoyo uye pfungwa. Panguva iyoyo zvinoita anoisa dzidzo mwoyo pakutanga.

Starodum unhu kunoratidza kuti zvakarurama, nyore mupfungwa uye okunzwisisa. All zvakaora mhuri Prost, anoona kuburikidza ziso uye inoti zvose anofunga pamusoro pavo.

kuratidzwa

In mutambo "The Minor" Fonvizin akapa pachake maonero "vanhu vakatendeseka" uye zvaanorumbidza chii vanofanira kuva avo mhenyu kutevedzera. Uye saka mufananidzo Starodum pano hakusi netsaona. Inoshandiswa pakutsigira "Nedorosl" nezvikonzero pachena, zvakanga akambononoka kwenguva yakati. Pakarepo akawira "zvakaipa" kuwedzera, naro vanhu vaya vakawana pachavo vari kutamba muchimiro tisingasaruri, vaizotadzisa mbudo kwayo. Uye zviri pachena, Fonvizin pachake akanga kushandisa vanoitisana simba kubvisa zvipingamupinyi zvose.

Muna 1782, September 24, kuratidzwa kwe kutamba ichiri inoitwa padariro St. Petersburg ari Free Russian yemitambo. Arayirwa munyori basa. Uye, Pakuumbwa zvakakwana, mutambo haana kuchinja chimwe mabhii, saka, aiva maungira kubudirira.

Mumwe vaya vakaona wehurumende akati kuti vamwe enyambo mifananidzo rinonzi imhute kuseka, asi zvakakomba mifananidzo nenyota kwazvo uye vainyatsoteerera ose enyika vateereri, uyo aida apo zvahungava hwakaita zvakavimbika netsanangudzo Panyanzvi simba uye noutsinye vamwe netsika nguva. The kutamba, anoonga liveliness ari nhaurirano, zvinosetsa, aphorisms, zvinonakidza akatorwa uye dzidzo hunhu, rabatsira vamwe kuona Prost, ayo zvino akadzingwa mudzimba dzavo lzhepedagogov mhando Vralmana uye Tsyfirkin.

mhedziso

Mutambo "The Minor" raiva chete zvakanaka-yakagadzwa zvose Russian mutambo yacho XVIII remakore. In zera classicism iye mhosva zvetsika revatongi akarerwa, "noutsinye" uye "zlonravie" dzematunhu kwamachinda. Vose vanotaurwa vanokamurwa pachena kunyika yakanaka uye kunaka, sezvo shandisweyi pana mazita avo: Staro, PRAVDIN, Prost, Skotinin nezvimwewo ...