Biography yaSocrates - musimboti a anofunga maonero

Mwanakomana Bricklayer uye vaAtene nyamukuta, uyo akaberekwa, sokuti, mugore 469 asati aberekwa Kristu, akazozivikanwa yose. Biography yaSocrates - ari "baba" pamusoro idealist uzivi - kuwanikwa kwatiri vakawanda zvinyorwa. Chokutanga, kunoshanda ayo muteveri Plato, uyo akanyora "Apology" mudzidzisi wake, uye basa Xenophon. gamba ino haana kunyora chero mabasa, uye akagutsa kukurukura pamwe vateereri. Aidavira kuti iyi nzira ikabuda kwavari unyanzvi mafungiro. Mukuwedzera, Biography kuti Socrates (kana, asi, vamwe mashoko pairi) inogona zvishoma akapora kubva mutambo wenyika Aristophanes 'Clouds'. Zvisinei, basa iri rinofanira kuverengwa kutoti caricature munhu akakurumbira anofunga, uyo munyori wechiGiriki kuvhiringidzwa nevanoshora ake - vamiririri chikoro ari vaSophist.

The akakurumbira vomuAtene muzivi ainzi "gadfly" vaAtene, akararama panguva yacho Peloponnesian War. At yepamusoro vakararama panguva yake vaSophist, haana kudana pachake somuzivi. Iye akagadzira shoko "Philo-Sophia." Kureva, Socrates vaiona pachake unoda uchenjeri, achiti haana kuziva chinhu chokwadi, uye chete anozivikanwa chaizvo. Akashora nenhungamiro hweruzhinji, ari chizvarwa wechiGiriki polis, zvikuru akanga akaipa, akamutsa vavengwe nevanhu vomunyika inozvikudza uye kupomerwa ekumhura uye pakupedzisira rufu. Heano mashoko mashoma ake pfupi Biography. Socrates, pasinei mashoko zvishoma zvakadai pamusoro pake, akabereka chikoro repfungwa kwouzivi izvo mabhuku Soviet inonzi "chinangwa idealism."

Musiyano mukuru pakati vaAtene "gadfly" pamusoro vaSophist akanga ainzwa zvakanga zvakakosha kwete chete kune kuzviitira chinhu cognition ( "munhu mwero zvinhu zvose"), asi nechinangwa. Okupedzisira akatenda Mind. Ndiye, "Nous" - ndiyo pafuma naMwari kwakabva hwomunhu, uye ndiye mutongi wezvose kuzviitira. Nokuda Mind chokwadi yatiinayo. Zvikasadaro, mumwe vachasara zvaanofunga, uye hapana chinangwa chinosidyiwa havagoni kuva. Rubatso pamusoro rakada kuti chokwadi chiri Daymonion (izwi romukati, hana). Uzivi okugadzira zvinhu ine upenyu hwayo. Biography Socrates inotiratidza kuti ndiye zvikuru pamusoro maonero ake. Philosophy, kubva ake nemaonero - ndiwo unyanzvi kurarama zvakanaka. Naizvozvo, chikuru chinhu okufungisisa havafaniri kuva ontology (chii chakaitika uye kupi), uye magariro.

Zvisinei, kuti Biography yaSocrates anotaura chokwadi chokuti mubvunzo zivo, zvakare, chaiva iye mumwe kukoshesa. Tinofanira kutsvaka chaizvoizvo, vanoziva nhamba yacho yakatarwa. Asi induction ichi zvakanaka chete hwetsika, nokuti saizvozvo chete pachavo vanogona kudzidza uye kukura unhu hwavo - kuzvidzora, ruramisiro, ushingi ... chete nzira kuzadzisa vanhuwo chinangwa vanhu - nemhedziso zvakanaka. biographers vazhinji Socrates aidavira kuti akanga ari "Rationalist yetsika". Pashure pezvose, muzivi vaitenda kuti kana uchiziva kuda simba, unogona uye tsika. Kuti aite izvi, pane imwe nzira kuti Socrates "vakasora" kubvira amai vake - maieutics. Uyu dialectic chairwo, kuburikidza paunogona kuvaparadzanisa interlocutor kuti chokwadi kuti akawana mhinduro yakarurama.

Pakati vazhinji vadzidzi Socrates, Alcibiades aiva wezvematongerwe enyika. Runyerekupe ane nayo kuti aida zvenyama muzivi asi vapedzisira vakaramba ake chaiko. Aidavira kuti chero ukama panyama kudzivisa unhu hwakadai nomwero. Socrates akaponesa enyika uye wemauto muhondo pamwe Spartans, akashonga chete netsvimbo - mumwe murwi aisada kuuraya unarmed muzivi.

Asi ushamwari Alcibiades aremara njodzi anofunga. Zvematongerwo enyika muAtene hwachinja, policies ndokuwira haafarirwi, uye Socrates akapomerwa kuti asingaiti kukudza vanamwari uye vanokanganisa vechidiki. Muzivi akaramba chaizvo muchizvikudza mudare uye akataura kuti akakodzera kwete chirango, asi yakakwirira chinokudza. Zvisinei, akatongerwa rufu. Munhu akasununguka, akanwa muchetura (zviya, kwete hemlock, maererano nengano, uye, pachena, kuti aizomupa hemlock) uye akavonga Asclepius (mwari chokuporesa) hwokuponesa. Saka anofunga akaratidza chido chake kupinda munyika nani kupfuura mumwe yaairarama pamberi. Izvi zvakaitika muna 399 BC. Muzivi Socrates, ane Biography akanga muchidimbu zvinotsanangurwa munyaya ino, akaita muenzaniso wakanaka uye anorayiridza kwete chete ake upenyu, asi rufu.