Blackbird

Turdus merula (Blackbird) ine muviri wakakura, iyo yakareba makumi maviri nemana kusvika makumi maviri nematanhatu masendimita. Anogara mumasango (deciduous and mixed), mapaki, minda. Mukadzi wechiribheri ane mutsvuku wakakwana, ane ronderedzwa yemarangi uye anotinhira kumeso. Madzimai uye madiki madonhwe emushuvara mutsvuku nemuswe werima, chiedza chidiki uye nehuro.

Iyo shiri-inopisa zvokudya pazvipembenene, pamwe nemichero yemvura, kusanganisira majiroji.

Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzekudyara dzinogona kuwanika mumasango akavhenganiswa uye emasiferous ane ivhu rakasviba uye zvakanaka pasi, mumasango emasango, mapaki akawanda uye minda. Mbira inogona kushandisa dendere rakakwirira kumusoro kwevhu (kusvika mamita masere) pine, spruce, birch, nemimwe miti, uye yakaderera zvakakwana: pamiti mikuru yepirititi kana kuti kunyange zviduku. Dzimwe nguva matendere ayo anowanikwawo pasi, pakati pemidzi yekare nemiti mikuru. Nokuda kwekuvaka, Blackbird inoshandisa miti yakaoma yakaoma yakaoma, lichens, mashizha, masses uye mashizha mashomanana, ayo anonamatira pamwechete nevhu rakavhenganiswa nemasipuresi emiti, uye pasi. Dendere iri mukombe wakaumbwa. Kureba kwayo kubva kune zana nemakumi matatu nemazana maviri mamita mamita, kureba kwayo kunobva pamakumi manomwe kusvika makumi mapfumbamwe mamita mamita. Itirayi ine ruzivo rwemashumi makumi manomwe kusvika zana, nekudzika-kubva pamakumi mana kusvika makumi matanhatu mamita. Munharaunda nguva dzose yakaradzika marara emidzimu yakateteka uye inowanikwa. Kune mazai pairi.

Muchivako kunogona kuva kubva kune mana kusvikira kune mazai manomwe emucheka bluish-green hue ane marara kana rust-violet smear uye mavara, dzimwe nguva kunonyorera kusvika pakupedzisira.

Murume wacho haabatanidzi mukuvaka dendere chete, asiwo pakuvhara. Nenguva iyo mapeji aonekwa, ivo vanoramba vachiimba kuimba.

Sezvo mutemo, Blackbird inotanga kuisa mazai muna May, muhafu yepiri. Pakupera kwemwedzi iwoyo, kubatanidzwa kunotanga. Nestlings inowanikwa pakati peJune. Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, maBlackbirds anogona kuita chivako chechipiri. Kubva pakudhonza kwechipiri mapeji anobuda muna July kana kutanga kwaAugust.

Izvozvi shiri dzinoparidzwa munzvimbo yose yeEurope yeRussia. Nzvimbo dzekudyara dzinowanika muCaucasus, munzvimbo yeKaliningrad. Kakawanda mushure mechivako, anogara ikoko kwechando. Muganhu wekumusoro wehuwandu hwehuwandu hwahwo hunoenderera kune maUreals ari pedyo neBasi Kana uye Middle Volga kubva Gulf of Finland. Nhamba yakawanda yeshiri inowanika munharaunda yeUkraine, musango munzvimbo dzeKazakhstan, muCrimea. Zvakarewo zvakajairika muAsia Minor.

Inofanira kuonekwa kuti shiri idzi hadzioneki nyore musango. Blackbirds vakangwarira zvakakwana, vanocherechedza havabvumirwi kuenda pedyo. Vose pamwe chete izvi, ivo vakanaka kwazvo uye vanobudisa nzvimbo yavo nevezita-call.

Pasi pasi shiri inomira, ichikotama zvishoma, ichiparadzira mapepa ayo uye ichisimudza muswe wayo. Mukutsvaga kupambwa, anokwira pakati peuswa kana moss, achikotamatira achikotamira uye achikandira muswe wake nguva nenguva. Zvinofanira kutariswa kuti kubvongodza kwemuswe chinhu chinonyanya kufanana nezvose zvinopisa.

Shiri dzinofudza zvikuru mumangwanani uye manheru. Panguva ino vanowana zvakawanda muuswa uye pasi pehonye, snail uye usiku. Dzimwe nguva vanogona kutumbuka mumatare uye vanodzinga hurapa kubva ipapo - "mazai anopisa". Kufanana nevamwe vamiririri vezvikara, Blackbirds pakupera kwezhizha uye kutanga kwekuvamba vanotanga kudya michero - hawthorn, elderberry, brewery, rowan nevamwe. Muminda yemichero vanodya cherries, mazambiringa. Zvisinei, kukuvadza kwavanogona kuunza kuchava zvishoma kudarika zvakasara kubva mumabasa avo ezhizha.

Misa molting yezera rekare rinotanga munaJuly. Vechiduku vari variegated (nesting) vanoitika zvakare kusvikira munaSeptember. Blackbirds, kusiyana ne variegated, zvishoma "public", kwete muvhuvhu kana panguva yekufamba ivo vanoumba mapoka kana zvikoro zvikuru.