Chii Chechi yeOrthodox?

Kazhinji anonzwa mashoko okuti "Greek-Catholic Orthodox Orthodox Church." Izvi zvinomutsa mibvunzo yakawanda. Sezvo muChechi yeOrthodox anogona kuva mumwe uye imwe nguva muKaturike? Kana shoko "mukatorike" rinoreva chimwe chinhu chakasiyana zvachose? rokuti "vechokwadi" Anonziwo kwete zvakanaka kunzwisisa. It rinoshandisirwa vaJudha, akanyatsotevera yake muupenyu Torah nemirayiro, kunyange enyika pfungwa. Somuenzaniso, unogona kunzwa izwi "vechokwadi Marxist". Panguva iyoyo vari Chirungu uye nemimwe mitauro Western, "Chechi yeOrthodox" kwakafanana ne "Orthodox". Ndechipi chakavanzika pano? Tichaedza kujekesa zvakawanda chokuita chechiJudha (Orthodox) Church munyaya ino. Asi iwe unofanira kutanga tatsanangura zvakajeka mazwi.

Orthodoxy uye orthopraxy

Jesu akati kuvadzidzi vake: 'Iye inovaka mirairo yangu, urarame maererano navo, Ndichakufananidzai akachenjera akavaka imba yake paruware. Uye uyo vaiita mirairo, asi akasaaita, ndichaita nei murume benzi anovaka imba pajecha "(Mt 7 :. 24-26). Kuti mutsara uyu ine chokuita Orthodoxy uye orthopraxy? mazwi Vose ane shoko rechiGiriki orthos. Zvinoreva "zvakanaka, akarurama, zvakarurama." Zvino funga musiyano pakati Orthodoxy uye orthopraxy.

Shoko rechiGiriki doxa rinoreva "pfungwa, achidzidzisa." A "praxia" rinoita yokuRussia rokuti "tsika basa." In chiedza ichi, zvinova pachena kuti pokutenda zvinoreva dzidziso yakarurama. Asi zvakakwana? Vaya anoteerera uye anoudzawo dzidziso Kristu anogona kunzi vechokwadi. Asi mukereke yokutanga, pfungwa yakanga kwete dzidziso yakarurama, uye pamusoro kuchengetwa mirairo - "upenyu hwakarurama." Zvisinei, pakupera kwezana remakore rechitatu zvikazikamwa hwakagadzwa seakafuridzirwa, chitendero dzidziso. The Orthodox Church akava nzvimbo Chinonyanya kukosha ndiko kuparadzana hwokudzidzisa wechokwadi, "kubwinya rworudyi rwaMwari." Uye zvakadini mirairo? Orthopraxy zvimwe zvishoma nezvishoma yaserera. Rakadzikama kuomerera zvose zvinodiwa Pfungwa Church akaratidza kare kukosha.

Orthodoxy uye heterodoxy

Sezvatinoziva ambotaurwa, izwi yakabuda chiKristu pakupera kwezana remakore rechitatu. Rinoshandiswa vanyori, kusanganisira Evseviem Kesariyskim. In ake "History of Church," munyori anoreva Clement wokuAlexandria uye Irenaeus wekuLyons "nhume pokutenda." Uye panongopera shoko rinoshandiswa sechinhu rokupikisa rokuti "heterodoxy". Zvinoreva "mamwe dzidziso". maonero zvose kuti chechi haina kutora kwaro seakafuridzirwa, zvinonzi pakuva vemanyepo. Sezvo nguva Justinian bhodhi (VI c) rokuti "vechokwadi," rinoshandiswa zvikuru kwazvo. Muna 843, chechi yakasarudza musi wokutanga weSvondo muLent rinonzi zuva kuchakunda Orthodoxy.

Other dzidziso dzechiKristu, kunyange kana vateveri vavo akaomesa musoro kutevera Jesu mirairo uye muzviite, vaiva nemhosva vari Church. Heterodoxy vari kutanga kunzi vanyengeri. Muteveri kwakadaro masangano echiKristu kutevera utongi masangano akadai Raibvunzurudza uye Revafundisi. Muna 1054 pakava kwokupedzisira zvaparadzanisa pakati kumabvazuva nokumavirira mirayiridzo yechiKristu. Shoko rokuti "Orthodox" pakuzivikanwa se dzidziso yacho Patriarch weConstantinople.

Catholicity - chii?

Kristu akati kuvadzidzi vake, "Where vaviri kana vatatu vakaungana muzita rangu, ipapo ndiripo pakati pavo" (Mateu 18:20.). Izvi zvinoreva kuti kereke ndiyo kwose kune kamwe, kunyange zviduku munharaunda. "Catholicity" - rechiGiriki. Zvinoreva "mukuru tarirai", "nokudenga." Pano unogona kuyeuka sungano naJesu kuvaapostora vake: "Endai., Rokuparidzira marudzi ose" Mune nenzvimbo Mupfungwa, catholicity rinoreva "nyika".

Kusiyana akararama mukereke yokutanga, chiJudha, yaiva chitendero emarudzi vaJudha, chiKristu vaitaura kufukidza oikoumene yose. Asi pakawanda kuti catholicity nechimwe chinangwa. chikamu chimwe nechimwe chechi yakanga kuzara utsvene hwose. nzvimbo iyi vaiita nevanhu mirayiridzo yechiKristu. The Church Roman akanzi Catholic (Catholic). Asi yake seakafuridzirwa aiti simba mukuru napapa sezvo mumiriri Kristu panyika. Greek-Catholic Orthodox Church, zvakare, vaitaura kuti dzakapararira munyika yose. Zvisinei, kunyange zvazvo musoro wayo, uye raiva tateguru, machechi vemo vane rusununguko rwakakwana kubva mumwe.

Orthodoxy uye chiKaturike

All masangano yechiKristu tsanangudzo vanoti kuparadzira chitendero chavo panyika, pasinei National chavanopinda vatendi. Mupfungwa iyi, Orthodoxy yeRoma uye Protestantism zviri zvakafanana. Chii Chechi yeOrthodox yomuRussia? nyaya iyi inofanira kupiwa zvakawanda nezvayo. Asi ikozvino tichakurukura nyaya musiyano pakati Orthodox uye machechi Catholic.

Pamberi pakutanga mumireniyamu yechipiri, hazvina kuvapo zvachose. Naizvozvo, vanyori okutanga emakore chiKristu, dzamadzibaba Church uye vatsvene, vaigara kusvikira 1054 (chokupedzisira paradzanisa), anokudzwa sapamazuva yeRoma uye Orthodoxy. Sezvo kuguma chemakore yeRoma curia wokutanga anoti dzakawanda simba uye aida muchamanikidza vasara yeveubhishopi. The kwacho kwakaguma muna yakawiriranwa kuzvibvisa of Schism Great, somugumisiro iyo Papa uye Patriarch weConstantinople vaidaidzana vaipikisa. Wechina Lateran Council of yeRoma akasarudza chechiJudha kuti vanyengeri.

kugadzwa

In yeOrthodox Orthodox, uyewo chiKaturike, chikuru kukosha hunopiwa sakaramendi rokugadza. Shoko iri, kufanana nemamwe mazwi akawanda ezvitendero, zvinobva mutauro wechiGiriki. The setsika rokugadza kunokwidziridza murume kuti chiremera youprista, anopa nyasha Mutsvene yokunamata uye kodzero kuti Mweya.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti Chechi yaMwari akasimbisa Ishe pazuva rePentekosti. Ipapo vaapostora vakazadzwa neMweya Mutsvene. Maererano nomurayiro wakapiwa kwavari Kristu, vakaenda akasiyana enyika kuparidza kutenda chitsva "mitauro yose." Vaapostora akapfuura nyasha Mutsvene vatsivi zvavo kuburikidza nekuiswa mavoko.

Mushure schism guru mabhishopi yeRoma uye Orthodox Churches "Chidyo kwete yakashuma." Kureva, havana kuziva chaizvo vavengi sakaramendi kunobudirira. "Kuzara chirairo" akanga asvika kupi pashure Vatican II pakati machechi. Naizvozvo, dzimwe nguva, vari achishumira vadyi yokunamata.

Sei Chechi yeOrthodox aiva

Tsika inoti kuti necheSalvic nyika aiparidza vakapararira chiKristu muApostora Andrey Pervozvanny. Kusvikira nyika, apo Russian Federation zvino, haana kuuya pasi, asi vakabhabhatidzwa vanhu muRomania, muThrace, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Greece, cheScythia.

Kievan Rus kushandisa chiKristu Greek mharidzo. Patriarch Constantinople Nicholas II Hrisoverg akagadzwa yokutanga yemo Michael. chiitiko ichi kwakaitika muna 988, panguva yaitonga Prince Vladimira Svyatoslavovicha. Kwenguva refu, Metropolitan pakati Kyiv Rus 'akaramba pasi wenharaunda yaitongwa yeGreek Orthodox Church.

Muna 1240 paiva nechisimba wechiTatar-Mongol mapoka. Metropolitan Joseph akaurayiwa. Mutsivi wake, Max, akatamira chake choumambo muna Vladimir musi Klyazma muna 1299 uye venhaka yake muna Kristu, zvakadaro, uye pachavo anonzi "Metropolitan pakati Kiev" Chokwadi, aigara munharaunda yacho kuMoscow princedom. Muna 1448 paiva dissociation yakazara Moscow archdiocese pakati Kiev Mutongo Council, iyo predominated bhishopu Ryazanskiy Iona, vakazivisa pachake "Metropolitan pakati Kiev" (asi chaizvoizvo - Moscow).

Kiev uye Moscow Patriarchate - pane musiyano?

Nyaya vakasiya chiitiko pasina nokuropafadzwa Patriarch weConstantinople. Makore gumi gare gare, rinotevera Council zvakajeka akaratidza ake yokuzviparadzanisa wakakwana kubva Kiev. mutsivi raJona, Theodosius, zvakazivikanwa se "Metropolitan of Moscow uye All Mukuru wokuRussia." Asi ichi yechitendero-miganhu chikwata zvakawanda makore zana nemakumi mana vakasaziva dzimwe kereke Orthodox uye haana kuita nawo chirairo.

Chete muna 1589, tateguru weConstantinople akaziva autocephalous (kuzvionera pachipfuva yeChechi yeOrthodox) nokuti Metropolitan kuMoscow. Zvino mushure kubatwa weConstantinople nokuda kuvaOttoman. Patriarch Ierimiya wechipiri Tranas panguva kukokwa Boris Godunov akasvika Moscow. Asi wakatendeuka kubva kuti vaenzi vane simba kumanikidza yomunharaunda ugadze hapana aiziva musoro Metropolitan Church. Pashure mwedzi mitanhatu-yevasungwa mujeri, Jeremiya akapedza Metropolitan of Moscow mu yemadzitateguru.

Gare gare, pamwe nokusimbaradza basa Russia (uye mawa kuderera weConstantinople sezvo muzinda Eastern Christianity) vakazoora akasima ngano Third Rome. Moscow Patriarchate, kunyange zvazvo akanga chikamu Orthodox Church echiGiriki setsika, aiva vanoti ukuru pakati vamwe. Iye akaita abolition of Kyiv Metropolis. Asi kana musingadi kufungawo gakava pamusoro zvakarairwa Patriarch of Moscow, maererano chitendero chechi idzi hapana kubva mumwe havana kusiyana.

Nevanhu, kupatsanura Orthodoxy uye yeRoma. Filioque

Chii anoti yeOrthodox? Kutaura zvazviri, kutonga nezvinooneka rokuremekedza, panguva mwoyo kwayo rinoisa "kodzero vakudze Mwari." Its seakafuridzirwa ine zvikamu zviviri guru: Mutsvene Gwaro Tsika Tsvene. Kana rokutanga zvakajeka - ndiwo Yekare neItsva, zvino chii yechipiri? Mutongo uyu ari Ecumenical Councils (kubva kare kusvika Schism Great, uye ipapo chete nemachechi Orthodox), upenyu yavatsvene. Asi chikuru gwaro yaishandiswa yokunamata, ndiye Nicene Creed. Akanga vakabvuma kuti Ecumenical Council muna 325. Gare gare, chechi yeRoma vakatanga dzidziso Filioque, anoti kuti Mweya Mutsvene anobuda kwete chete kubva kuna Mwari Baba, asi Mwanakomana, Jesu Kristu. Orthodoxy haagamuchiri nhungamiro iyi, asi anoudzawo ari indivisible Utatu.

zvitendwa

Greek Orthodox Church anodzidzisa kuti mweya unogona kuponeswa chete pachipfuva chake. unhu rokutanga - kudavira muna Mwari mumwe chete uye vari kuenzana vose vanhu Utatu. Uyezve chitendero kunamata Kristu, zvisikwa pakutanga kwenguva, yasvika munyika uye zimukadzimu munhu uyo akaroverwa kuti uyananisire chivi chokutanga, kumuka uye kuuya zuva rokutongwa. The Church rinodzidzisa kuti mupristi wayo wokutanga aiva Jesu. Uye saka iye mutsvene, mumwe, mukatorike uye risina kuremara. Pakupedzisira, dzidziso kunamata kwemifananidzo rakagamuchirwa panguva Wechinomwe Ecumenical Council.

yokunamata

The Orthodox Church rinonyomba kunamata maererano Byzantine (chiGiriki) setsika. It presupposes kuvapo namahwindo iconostasis, iyo akaita sakaramendi yeChidyo. Komuniyoni chitete haina mabasa, uye prosphora (chingwa chakaviriswa) uye waini (zvimwe Cahors). mhemberero minamato ine madenderedzwa zvina: zuva, mevhiki ose, wakaiswa uye chinjwa annum. Asi vamwe Church Orthodox (semuenzaniso, Antiochian uye Russian Orthodox kunze) pamwe remakore rechimakumi maviri vakatanga kushandisa Latin setsika. Services inoitirwa paImba synoidal shanduro Old Church kwechiSlavonic.

Russian Church Orthodox

Mushure October Revolution, kuti Moscow Patriarchate ari refu dzakafuridzirwa uye nomutemo zvinopesana Constantinople. Kunyange zvakadaro, Chechi yeOrthodox ndiyo pakukura rechitendero. Rakanga vakanyorwa kuva sangano repamutemo, uye muna 2007 hurumende basa kumupa zvose pfuma nokuda kwezvinangwa zvokunamata. Roc anoti kuti ayo "nharaunda dzakafuridzirwa" kunosvika kune zvose dzaichimbova dzeSoviet kunze Armenia uye Georgia. Hazvina kuzivikanwa Orthodox Church kuUkraine, Belarus, Moldova, Estonia.