Hanafi zvitendwa: Akatanga, zvitendwa, manyuko mutemo

Madhhab muna Islam anonzi pachikoro Sharia mutemo. In emakore okutanga pashure panowanikwa ichi nevakawanda zvikuru mazuva ano chitendero, boka dzinoremekedzwa masayendisiti uye nyanzvi munyaya Biography hweMuporofita Muhammad uye vateveri vake. Pahwaro basa ravo ramangwana zvakanzi akasikwa akawandisa zvikoro zviri kushanda ari Korani uye Sunnah. Takapona nguva yedu, Chokwadi, kwete vose.

Panguva iyoyo, pane zvina Madhab chikuru munyika vaMuslim. Vateveri Islam vanodavira kuti dzidziso idzi - Sunna ndezvechokwadi uye zvakarurama maonero Koran ari ano nezuva tsika. Rakajairika munyika panguva imwe ndiye Hanafi chitendwa. Vateveri dzidziso iyi ndiyo muMuslim ruzhinji.

dangamusha

Zita rakajairika muna Islam madhhab anonzi Azam Abu Hanifa. Zvinonzi izvi airemekedzwa nevaMuslim rose hwakaoma uye wakazvipira Imam uye akanga kwayo muvambi. Akaberekwa Azabm Abu Hanifa munguva iri Sahabah muna Kufa. The guta mumazuva iwayo chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha dzidzo, tsika uye zvechitendero nzvimbo yacho Caliphate. mhuri Imam akanga anobva Iran uye mubasa sirika kutengeserana.

Kubvira vachiri vaduku Azam Abu Hanifa akatanga kuratidza kufarira zvitendero nouzivi zvakasiyana nedzidziso kuti aivapo panguva iyoyo Kufa. Pataikura, akasarudza kurega zvachose kubva nesirika zvokutengeserana uye akazvipira zvakakwana nesayenzi.

Kudzidza fiqh

Pakutanga Azam Abu Hanifa akatora Zvinoshingaira zvemarudzi ose ezvitendero uye dzouzivi nharo pakati Kharijites, uye Mu'tazilites vamiririri vezvimwe. Gare gare akava kufarira Islamic mutemo (fiqh). Chokutanga, akatanga nokunyatsodzidza ari hadiths hweMuporofita Muhammad uye ayahs (ndima) of Korani. Muchiitiko chino, Azam Abu Hanifa akanga akatsunga kurega magwaro uye kuti systematize wepamutemo zvinodiwa, achivapa zvose nesayenzi.

Kudzidza fiqh muzivi wechiMuzirimu riitwe refu - anenge 28 makore. zvevapi vamazano ake mutemo Islamic panguva dzakasiyana vaiva vanoremekedzwa nyanzvi yakadaro vaMuslim, kufanana amr ibn Dzhumahi, Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri, Hisham ibn Urwah, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Hanafi zvitendwa: Kusiyana nezvimwe zvikoro

Kuwanda chikoro ichi munyika vechimoziremu anongofunga nokuda kwayo kunzwisisa. Uyewo, popularization of Hanafi Madhab akasimudzira uye hwakadzama kudzidza nyaya chokuita Shariah. Panguva iyoyo ndiye kupfuura hwakadzama yechitendero uye zviri pamutemo dzidziso munyika vaMuslim.

Kuwedzera Abu Hanifa, muvambi Hanafi chikoro repfungwa vanosimbirira vateveri vake Muhammad reMirwi Shaibani, uye Abu Yusuf. Ava vatatu vanoremekedzwa vazivi vafundisi vakakwanisa kusika chikoro kupfuura dzokufungidzira, vachitevera kuburikidza kwete chete rechitendero asi evasingatombonamati kodzera mhedziso.

chitendero

Kana ukaisa vose mabhuku Hanafi Madhab, ipapo vachava kupfuura vamwe vatatu pamwe chete. Ruzhinji rwakapindura vaMuslim chikoro ichi sezvo redzidziso hwaro hwokutenda kushandisa maturidi. Izvi kwouzivi Islamic fambisa yakabuda munzvimbo XIII remakore uye vakava kwakapararira mumwaka kutongwa hweOttoman.

Huru runoratidza maturidi ndechokuti vateveri vake munyaya "Genesis waMwari" akabvumira kuti kuvimba kwete chete pamusoro pechipupuriro, asiwo mupfungwa vayo, Chokwadi, pasina kuwira mwero. Maererano rusununguko nechido, pachinhu ichi, pamwe kuzivikanwa zvinodavirwa muchitendero dzhabritov. Ekupedzisira vanodavira kuti zvinhu zvose dzevanhu vakasikwa kwete navo asi naMwari. Zvisinei, zvakasiyana kuti kuramba zvachose munhu rusununguko rwokusarudza dzhabritov vateveri hanfitskogo Madhab kubvuma chokwadi chokuti Allah anoshandura kupinda tsika chete kuti pakutanga kunobva munhu pachake. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kubudikidza nechivimbo maturiditov, zviito zvavo vanhu kuti pachavo, asi chete tichibatsirwa naMwari simba.

mabhuku Main mutemo

Based vamiririri chikoro ichi, sezvo Hanafi madhhab, zvavaitenda kungobva Korani uye Sunnah. Uyezve, zviri pamutemo mumirau Abu Hanifah inobva zvinyorwa zvakadai;

• Kiyas. Ndizvo pfungwa nomuenzaniso. nzira iyi rinoshandiswa Islam, kana zvakakodzera, pasina zvijeke muna Zvakazarurwa zvakananga nezvemakwikwi nzira pakugadzirisa imwe dambudziko. Muchiitiko chino, kuteerera ringanidzo huripo ari Korani.

• Idzhama - tenderano-yezvouMwari vazivi vekare uye chipo.

• Orff - shandisa sechinhu nharo dzinozivikanwa chinowanzoitwa Islam anoona pasina chaiwo zvairatidza muna Zvakazarurwa.

• Istihsan. Kushanda kana Qiyas inorwisana idzhamoy uye orfom. Kana pfungwa nomuenzaniso hakusi kukodzera murau pamutemo inogona wakabudiswa aine waiver pamusoro Kiyas nenharo.

Zviri pachena mune zvose zvemarudzi zvinobatanidzwa Sharia mutemo muchikoro zvinogona kuitwa pachishandiswa mashoko vadzidzi muprofita Muhammad.

Munyengetero Hanafi madhhab: Conditions

First Shari'ah (mbiru Islam) ndiro kungodzokorora mashoko yemaitiro aMwari mumwechete uye kuziva basa muprofita Muhammad, wechipiri - munamato. Nzira kuti munamato muna Islam yakabuda sezvo munhu anoyemurika postures uye fambisa muprofita Muhammad. Zviri chaizvo sei akaita munyengetero, yeuka vadzidzi vake uye vaMuslim mangwanani. Gare gare, ivo akapa mutemo yokunyengetera vamwe vateveri Islam.

Namaz vamiriri chikoro ichi yekare sezvo Hanafi zvitendwa, pasi nhanhatu mamiriro:

• ablutions;

• muviri butiro (varume - kubva guvhu kumabvi, vakadzi - zvose kunze chiso, tsoka uye maoko);

• kukwidza Qiblah (vanofanira kumira akatarisa Kaaba);

• rakakodzera kuzadzika munamato;

• chinangwa kunyengetera kwete pamutemo, asi nokuda Allah;

• pakutanga munamato nemashoko "Allahu Akbar."

Kusiyana nezvimwe zvikoro mumunyengetero

Maererano nemitemo kuita kurapwa tsika Mwari Islam chakavakirwa kashanu pazuva. Pfungwa, munyengetero pacharo rinoitwa pamusoro zvakafanana mune zvimwe zvikoro. Asi pane vamwe kusiyana. Saka, somuenzaniso, muna Hanafi chikoro nayo hakubvumidzwi chokubatanidza minyengetero avo kuitwa panguva dzakasiyana zuva, mvura kana mumugwagwa. pane zvishomanana kunze mutemo uyu. Panguva Hajj Hanafi, mune zvimwe zviitiko, pachine vakabatana minyengetero.

Features mangwanani minyengetero

The rokutanga minyengetero makono mashanu vateveri chikoro ichi rinoitwa kana zvava chiedza zvakakwana kusiyanisa zvinhu kumativi. Muitiro uyu kamwe kugamuchirwa, zviri pachena kuti vatore vazhinji vari chechi. Vakadzi vanopedza munyengetero mangwanani rinowanzova murima.

Madhhab muRussia

In nyika yedu, kuti vaMuslim zvikurukuru ndezvaJehovha zvikuru kupararira mune Sunni Islam boka. Kwakadaro, Somuenzaniso, ndivo Bashkirs, Tatars, kabradintsy, Circassians uye dzimwe ndudzi. Maererano nokutsvakurudza nenyanzvi, Sunni Hanafi Madhab akazviratidza muRussia dzinenge pakarepo pashure vechiIslam uchapupu.

Kuwedzera Hanafi, munyika yedu pane chete kuita Shafi'ites. Ava kazhinji vanhu kubva Caucasus, ndokugara Moscow, St. Petersburg uye mamwe maguta makuru. Nokudaro, Hanafi uye Shafi'i chikoro - nemamwe kuchikoro yeRussia pamusoro Sharia mutemo.