Chii hurumende zvematongerwe? Concept uye mhando hweruzhinji uye autocracy

Kazhinji, hurumende chinozoiswa chero nzira uye nzira, uye mubatanidzwa nzira idzi inonzi nehurumende hwechiKomonisiti. Asi ichi izwi haisi yakaenzana kubva pakunzi "Utongi enyika" - pfungwa uye mhando yokupedzisira riri vakwanise uye zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana. Unosanganisira kwete chete nzira iyo mamiriro anoita pamusoro nzanga, asi mamwe marudzi enyika ukama

Concept uye enyika hwoudzvinyiriri mhando nokuti nzanga dzose ine mapoka pamwe zvakasiyana zvido uye zvinangwa kuti havabatanidzwi zvakananga muhurumende, asi zvazvinoita izvozvo nenzira dzakasiyana. Hazvina mapato chete asi yebhizimisi mamiriro, mauto, zvinobudisa nhau, maNGO, vatsigiri pamusoro veruzhinji avo dzika pfungwa. Ivo vose pakawanda, vari kuisa kumanikidza simba rezvematongerwo enyika uye kufurira ayo sarudzo.

Kune democratic uye non-gutsaruzhinji enyika hwoudzvinyiriri, uye zvichienderana nokutongwa uye ukama kuti musimboti kuzvitsaura \ tichivapa simba. Pasinei nokuti shoko "kusununguka" pacharo rinoreva "kusununguka", nyika kana munharaunda, apo vanhu vari raora kwete chete aiva nesimba, asiwo hapana dzika mune tsika zvakananga,. Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kuti hweruzhinji haapo - chete mhando simba uye kuzvidzora kunosanganisira chimwe uwandu zvinhu zvakananga hweruzhinji. Mune democratic hurumende simba dzinobva pavanhu, izvo-siyana ane simba rokuchinja chisarudzo paruzhinji mutemo-kugadzira; Vashoma maonero vari kufungwa neavo vane ruzhinji; mumunda mitemo kwemitemo rikunde; unorambidza chete zviri zvakajeka kurambidzwa - zvimwe zvose zviri azvipiwa default; nheyo kuparadzana chairo zvemitemo, Executive nezvakatongwa masimba uye Vezvemitemo uye nemamwe masangano ayo simba nzira anoshandisa dzinodzorwa veruzhinji; munzanga pane zvakasiyana-siyana masangano, vemapato uye kufamba, uye kodzero dzevanhu dziri chinozoiswa maererano soro nemitemo. Democratic utongi enyika, pfungwa uye mhando izvo hungasiyana maererano siyana nharaunda uye nyika, pane inenge nyika 40, uye rakaratidza yayo kushanda kwenguva refu ari kunzwisisa ukama pakati vanhu, munhu wacho uye hurumende.

Zvinopikisana nevanhu hurumende yave nhoroondo ave autocracy, kuti ndiye chete kuzvidzora. Munyika yanhasi autocracy zvishoma nezvishoma chakatsiva anomanikidza uye utongi hwechiKomonisiti enyika. Concept uye mhando modes izvi zvisingapindirani ukuru hurumende kupindira uye pamutemo masimba, kwete chete paruzhinji, asi tsika, pachavo, uye zvimwe mabhora zvoupenyu. Anomanikidza hurumende seboka vanhu ushe (kazhinji - muchiuto kana zvimwe elites) achiratidza kushandiswa kwakapararira coercive nzira uye murayiro nzira zvoupfumi utariri; simba rose riri kusimbiswa mumaoko imwe mhuri, iyo kuwa maererano pachako kana boka kuzvipira, uye vamwe masangano ehurumende, akadai Parliament, chete yakarongwa hunhu. Kodzero Dzevanhu kazhinji dziripo chete papepa uye varipo ari mashoko enyika, asi tsika hazvina kuitwa rakatangwa. Zvisinei, udzvanyiriri mu nzira iyi shoma kunyanya nokushorwa enyika uye zvose nzvimbo enyika, nekuti hurumende iri kuedza kudzora chete chii kunogona kukanganisa kuchengeteka kwayo. Mienzaniso hurumende yakadaro inogona kushanda utongi Pinochet muna Chile uye vechiIslam udzvinyiriri pakati Khomeini muna Iran.

mamiriro ayo ari hurumende pevatongi enyika. Concept uye mhando totalitarianism akataura zvakawanda anozivikanwa masayendisiti enyika uye vazivi, akadai Karlom Popperom uye Hanoi Arendt. With ose zviratidzo ane utongi anomanikidza, totalitarianism anosiyana anonyanya kuda kuparadza mamwe mapato uye kufamba, kubatanidzwa nomumwe mubato pamwe nehurumende (partocracy), musoro uko mumwe chete boka vanhu. Saka pane kunamatwa mutungamiri, kazhinji hunopiwa pamwe zvemweya maitiro. Pane pevatongi dzematongerwe kuti anochinja munhu kupinda nehurongwa Unit, uye zvinotungamirira kubatana uye zvachose politicization kwose upenyu paruzhinji. Kutaura zvazviri, mune pevatongi muvanhu, munhu shies kure enyika, anofanira kuparadzwa. mhando iyi "kodzero" neChikomonisiti enyika "vakasiya" uye yaivapo USSR, China uye "nyika mugovanisi", Nazi Germany, yechiFascist Italy uye Spain, Cambodia "Khmer Rouge" uye dzimwe nyika.