Chii munyika zvitendero: zvinhu uye mashoko

Sezvineiwo, mamwe mamiriro akaisa mberi zvimwe zvinoitwa zvitendero zvenyika. Somuenzaniso, muna USSR, paiva dzimwe nzira maererano iyo chitendero nyika inofanira kuva chikoro yakajeka kwouzivi vane chikuru rokuchinja munhau uye netsika kukura kunofanira chokuita zvikuru zvitupa.

Maererano inokosha unhu dzezvitendero zvenyika dzataurwa nokuda UNESCO, iye pane vatatu:

• chiBhudha;
• chiKristu;
• Islam.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti Vasvika soro kwevari dzechitendero kuziva, kuwana unhu kuti vari akazvimirira norudzi uye nzvimbo dzokugara.

chiBhudha

ChiBhudha - mukuru Zvitendero zvenyika. Yakasvika zita rayo kubva muvambi waro Buddha, uyo akararama 5-4 remakore BC. e. ChiBhudha dzakatangira kuchamhembe-nechokumabvazuva India - panguva iyoyo kukura mudunhu raro.

A pachena chinoratidza chiBuddha yacho yetsika uye rinoshanda nemunhu. Haabvumirani kuisa kunyanya kukosha chokunze kuratidzwa vechitendero upenyu - masangano, tsika, akanyatsorongwa pakunamata, uye anotarira dambudziko okuvapo kwevanhu.

In chiBuddha, kusafanana chiKristu uye Islam, hapana urongwa yeChechi. upenyu Religious achiumbwa kumativi dzemamongi netemberi, izvo consolidates munharaunda vatendi, uye munhu anogona kuwana rutsigiro uye mazano.

Ichi chitendero tefa chaizvo. Panguva ivepo, yava kunyura yakawanda tsika pfungwa vanhu icho vaizviti, kutaura navo mumutauro wavo tsika. Pakutanga chiBhudha akanga kwakapararira pakati vanhu Asia: kunyanya South, Central uye East, muRussia - pakati Tuvan, Kalmyks uye Buryats. Maererano chipo iye akaramba kupararira, uye vateveri vake vanogona kuwanikwa Europe, America, Africa, Australia, uye munzvimbo dzeRussia, apo kare zvakanga zvisiri.

chiKristu

ChiKristu akatanga kuparadzira mukunopera hweRoma, nechepakati wa1 remakore BC. e. Zvakasimbisa nzvimbo yayo tikafunga simba munzanga mhirizhonga muna Empire, kukwezva pfungwa dzevanhu pamusoro simba mudziviriri, nokudenga kuenzana uye ruponeso.

ChiKristu yakabudirira vakakwanisa bvikinyidza yechihedheni chitendero yekare Roma uye nekuti vazhinji pfungwa dzake uye miitiro ave achizivikanwa vanhu kuchiJudha. Common zviri chiJudha nechiKristu - ndiye kudavira kwaMesiya, yokusafa kwomweya uye kuvapo noupenyu munyikadzimu kunyikadzimu.

Kubva zvakasiyana tumapoka inoumbwa nevaya vakagamuchira Kristu ndiMesiya, chiKristu zvishoma nezvishoma vakaumba simba munzanga simba. Pakupedzisira, pashure nguva kutambudzwa Church ndiye wokutanga uye simba kupfuura yakabatana wehurumende yeRoma pamusoro pakuvamba 3rd remakore.

Kunyange zvazvo chiKristu chisati kuenda refu nzira kukura uye pave nevanhu, preconditions waro kwokukunda kufora mhiri nyika akaumba kare. Kunyange Zvakazoitwa Kuparadzana wekereke haana kukahadzika mukurumbira wake.

Iziramu

Islam - chitendero muduku vatatu. It dzakatangira mukutanga 7th remakore BC. e. mu muArabhiya Peninsula. Panguva iyoyo, muArabhia nyika iri kutambura pokuwa dzokumaruwa maitiro akanga ichiparara chaizvo, zvichiita kuti simba. The specificity nevamwe nguva yaidiwa madzinza uye kutanga chete Arab mamiriro. dambudziko iri rakanga chakagadziriswa kukonzerwa kuti chidzoke vakapararira rechiIslam.

Muvambi Islam anonzi muprofita Muhammad. The maitiro chinoratidza chitendero ichi ndechokuti Islam - kwete chitendero asi imwe nzira youpenyu. Pakutanga, hazvina kuitirwa kuti zviparadzanise zvenyika uye vezvitendero, Panyanzvi uye dzvene.

Pasinei hwake, Islam nokururamisira vaikurumidza kuwana zviratidzo chitendero nyika. Nhasi ndiro yechipiri pakukura chitendero munyika. Maererano ine nokufungidzira, uwandu vechiMuslim panyika vanhu vanopfuura bhiriyoni. Vazhinji vavo vanogara Asia uye Africa.

nzira maonero

Pasinei isingachinji uye dzechitendero mazwi, zvitendero zvenyika ano uye dzavo zviratidzo - mubvunzo rakashama munzira dzakawanda. Kunyange dzinozivikanwa vakadaro kusunungurwa zvose zvitatu, pane maonero akasiyana panyaya iyi.

Somuenzaniso, Maks Veber uye vateveri vake anosanganisira nokuwanda uye vamwe, ichijekesa rakaisvonaka zviratidzo vanoverengeka zvitendero zvenyika. Saka, maererano Weberian tsika, zvinosanganisira chiJudha, sezvo aiva simba guru chiKristu uye Islam, uye chiHindu, uye chiConfucian, sezvo ivo vari zvitendero hombe nemagariro nharaunda, izvo kumusha vemunyika dzakasiyana.

chitendero World kana chitendero wevanhu?

Kunewo vakawanda anodavira izwi iri yechinyakare, uye akaita zviratidzo chitendero nyika untenable mumamiriro ezvinhu ano.

Kana paine nzira kuonekwa imwe chitendero kana kwete nyika, zviri achipfeka kuti kunofambira mberi. Zvisinei, hazvina kudaro. Nyika iri kuchinja, uye nzvimbo dzezvitendero kwava kuwedzera noshamisa. Somuenzaniso, mune siyana munyika ine vakawanda vaHindu, vari zvakare chikamu wechiHindu munharaunda. Uyewo, vamiririri vazhinji havana kuverengwa pakati Zvitendero zvenyika vanogara akapikisa Kusarudzwa nzira, kupa kugamuchirwa kwavo vakakodzera uye vachida chitendero chavo nenyika vemunharaunda.

Pane kuedza ubvise rokuti "zvitendero zvenyika", uyewo vaitaura kusuma dzimwe Somuenzaniso, "chitendero mhenyu" kana "chitendero wevanhu" kune yevamwe uye siyana zvinodiwa. Zvisinei, chibvumirano panyaya iyi munyika sayenzi haisi, uye vachiri refu nzira kudzokorora nyaya.