Mabviro Lake Baikal. Lake Baikal pamepu. Age Baikal bheseni

Mabviro Lake Baikal tectonic. Zvinonzi rakamiswa kuSiberia; Ndicho zvakadzamisisa munyika. Kugungwa dzose dzakapoteredza nzvimbo inogarwa zvikuru akasiyana uye nemamwe marudzi emhuka uye zvinomera. An dzinonakidza ndechokuti muna Russian Federation, Baykal akadana gungwa.

Panguva iyoyo, pane kusawirirana pamusoro vangani chaizvoizvo zera mudhamu. Kazhinji, zvose vanoomerera kuumbwa: makore mamiriyoni 25-35. Zvisinei, zviri pamusoro Masvomhu zvakarurama pane kukurukurirana. Izvi "upenyu" mudziva iri uncharacteristic chaizvo, sezvo ushe, Lakes zvose doro pashure 10-15 zviuru zvemakore ravapo.

General nenzvimbo mashoko

Lake Baikal iri pakati Asia, izvozvo Anotambanudza kubva kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Kureba - 620 km shoma upamhi - 24 km, uye kufadza - 79? Km. Nemhenderekedzo Anotambanudza kuti 2 zviuru. Km. Lake bheseni akakombwa zvikomo uye neeSultan gomo. On kumhenderekedzo yokumadokero pamawere chimiro matombo. Kumabvazuva yegungwa iri sandarara.

Ichi muviri mvura zvakadzamisisa munyika. General Lake Baikal nzvimbo 31 zviuru. ^Km2. Avhareji kudzika dura - 744 metres. Nokuti kuti kuora mwoyo iri pana 1 zviuru. M pazasi ufanane World Ocean bheseni kwegungwa ndechimwe chezvinhu zvikuru.

Fresh mvura vanokwanisa - 23 zviuru? Km ^{3 ..} Pakati madhamu Baikal pokutanga wechipiri mumufananidzo uyu. Iye concedes kweGungwa reCaspian, asi musiyano uri kuti ekupedzisira mvura munyu. An dzinonakidza ndechokuti dura ane yakawanda mvura kupfuura nyika yose iri Lakes Great.

In XIX zvakanzi vakawana kuti 336 vanowira mugungwa mvura inoyerera. Panguva iyoyo, hapana chaiyo dzemitambo, uye masayendisiti vanogara kunzi mashoko akasiyana, kubvira 544 kusvika 1120.

Climate uye nyanza mvura

Lake Baikal Rondedzero kunotibvumira kunzwisisa kuti mvura dura rine zvakawanda okisijeni, zvakakwana zvicherwa (particulate ukaparadzawo) uye Organic netsvina.

Nokuda mvura pano rakanyatsojeka kutonhora kwekunze. Summer tembiricha akaturikidzana haapfuuri 9 madhigirii, dzinenge - 15 inegumi. Rakanga inonyanya tembiricha 23 madhigirii vamwe bays.

Kana mvura yebhuruu (somunhu mutemo, zvinova vakadaro muchirimo), tinoona pasi pegungwa, kana udzamu panguva ino hazvirevi pfuura 40 mamita. Muzhizha uye kwematsutso ruvara rwacho kuti mavara mvura anonyangarika, iri pachena inova shoma (kwete mamita anopfuura 10). Munyu zvakare diki, uye saka anogona kushandiswa sezvakaitwa kwakadonhera mvura.

oma

Ndinoda-up mberi kubva pakutanga January uye gumi March rokutanga. Ice rakafukidza pepasi ari dziva, asi riri hanga. Kubva June kuna September ari Baikal kuzarura wekushandisa.

Ice ukobvu Kazhinji asingadi pfuura 2 mamita. Kana pane inorema frosts, echando makatsemuka rwakakamukana wandei makuru zvidimbu. Kazhinji, Makwanza kuitika mune imwe nzvimbo. Panguva iyoyo vari pamwe kurira kukuru kuti inoyeuchidza kwepfuti kana kutinhira. dambudziko Lake Baikal haasi pachena zvachose, asi ichi ndicho chinokosha. Nokuda makatsemuka hove havafi, nekuti mvura kunowedzerwa pamwe oxygen. Nokuti kuti aizi inopfuura Mwaranzi yezuva mumvura algae kukura zvakanaka.

Mabviro Lake Baikal

Mibvunzo pamusoro kwakabva Baikal vachiri havana mhinduro chaiwo, uye masayendisiti vari hatifaniri kukakavadzana nezvazvo. Zvino pane uchapupu hwokuti nemhenderekedzo ano haina kupfuura zviuru 8 makore uye dura pacharwo ikoko yakareba.

Vamwe vatsvakurudzi kubvuma pfungwa yokuti mavambo Lake Baikal nokuda paine jasi plume, mumwe - the rokuchinja mhosva rokufambira, uye wechitatu - the kudhumhana of Eurasian ndiro. Mumuviri uyu mvura ichiri kuchinja nokuda kuramba kwenyika.

Zvirokwazvo zvakafanira chete anozivikanwa kuti kuora mwoyo, ndiro Lake Baikal - vagadzirisane. Chimiro Its zvakafanana nemamiriro Dead Sea.

Nezvekwakabva wamashekeri Lake Baikal vaiva Mesozoic munguva. Zvisinei, vamwe vari pfungwa kuti zvakaitika makore mamiriyoni 25 apfuura. Sezvo dura ane nembiya akawanda, ivo vakasiyana munguva inotungamirwa uye mamiriro. Iye zvino, kwaita kunopfuurira matsva. Nokuda simba kwenyika pasi mvura akasiya chitsuwa uye chikamu chiduku apo panopinda yakaumbwa. Muna 1959, nokuda njodzi pasi dura aregedza ne mamita akawanda pasi.

Pasi pasi inongogara kuitika subsoil kudziyisa, zvinonzi kunetseka kwazvo kwakabva mudziyo wokushambidzira Lake Baikal. Ndivo mapindu vanokwanisa kusimudza goko dzenyika, tsemuri kuti deform. Ungangove, yakafanana anga yairwirwa pakugadzirwa neeSultan gomo kuti vakombe yose Dam. Panguva iyoyo, tectonic dzegirini zvinovakomberedza Baikal kubva zvinenge zvose kumativi.

Vazhinji inozivikanwa chokwadi kuti zvose gore pamahombekombe kwegungwa kubva mumwe musi 2-3 cm. The kwakabva Lake Baikal nezvainoita zvizivikanwe nemichina basa munharaunda. Zvino dura nzvimbo havasi rinoputika, asi kuputika basa richiri aripo.

Relief mudziva yakatanga pasi chando zera. Mune dzimwe moraines vakachengeta pesvedzero yavo. Dura akawira nemavhinga kukura kusvika 120 metres. Possible uye chokwadi ichi, kuti kwakabva Baikal Lake yave chokuita kunyunguduka chando floes. Asi Tinozviziva ndechokuti dziva kwenguva refu kwete yakafukidzwa chando, zvichiita upenyu mairi hwaponeswa.

Biota

Baikal akapfuma hove uye zvirimwa. Zviri musha 2000 marudzi emhuka zvomumvura. Vazhinji vavo - vane endemic, kureva, vanogona kurarama chete Dam ichi. vazhinji kwakadaro vagari madhamu nokuti kuti mumvura ine yakakwana yakachena kugutsikana. Kazhinji pane crustaceans epishura. Ivo basa rinokosha muupenyu Baikal se kuita firita chaitika.

Zvokukura nokudzidza uye kugarwa kwegungwa

Maererano nemagwaro, iyo yakawanikwa somugumisiro vakaongorora Baikal, kusvikira XII remakore pedyo ndima inogarwa Buryats. Kekutanga kugona kumadokero pamahombekombe, uye gare gare vakauya Transbaikalia. Misha Russian akazviratidza chete XVIII remakore.

The zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza mamiriro ezvinhu

Baikal ane akasiyana ikoroji. Muna 1999, nemirau yepamutemo kuti achengetedze muviri dzemvura yatorwa. Akagadzawo hurumende kuti anodzora ose mabasa murume. Lake Baikal matambudziko chokuita hunovhiringidza zvikuru kwezvakatipoteredza nokuveza miti,. Vanhu vanobatanidzwa zvinhu zvakadai, anofanira nokupomerwa nomutemo.

Origin of zita

mubvunzo uyu ichiri kujeka, uye nemashoko nemasayendisiti, akasiyana zvikuru. Panguva iyoyo pane tsananguro kupfuura gumi uye fungidziro. Vamwe dzinobva shanduro iri mavambo zita mutauro Turkic (Bai-Kul), vamwe - Mongolian (Bagan, uyewo Baigal Dalai). Vanhu vaigara pamhenderekedzo pegungwa, iye akanzi yakasiyana zvachose nzira: Lamu, Beihai, Beigang Nuur.

By Baikal ingasvikwa kubva divi. Kazhinji, vashanyi vanoshanyira nayo muna Severobaikalsk uye Irkutsk uye Ulan-Ude.

A makiromita mashomanana kubva Irkutsk Listvyanka raiva - pedyo nomusha dziva. Ndiye anotungamirira kwenhamba zvevashanyi. Apo unogona kushandisa kwako mazororo vachishingaira uye zvakawanda kuyemura runako kwegungwa.

On hwokumusoro pamhenderekedzo Lake Baikal ndiye Khakusy dzisina. Uyezve, unogona kuwana zvisikwa mudungwe munzira.