Major nenzvimbo Zvakawanikwa Herodotus: tsananguro uye nhoroondo

Herodotus, anonzi baba kare, akaberekwa mugore 484 BC muna Halicarnassus (Zvisinei, mashoko aya unaudited, uye musi chaiwo wakazvarwa hapana runhare rotsva). It anozivikanwa chokwadi, kuti akaberekwa pakati Persian Wars. Uyewo vomunguva zvakawanda zvinozivikanwa pamusoro kunzendo dzake. mashoko akawanda pamusoro pavaEgipita, vokuFenikiya nemamwe marudzi akasiya Herodotus. Geographical zvakawanwa isu muchidimbu munyaya ino.

Mabviro Herodotus

Akaberekwa muna Halicarnassus mukomana kubva pauduku hwake vakarinda nzira chengarava ngarava vaiuya nekuenda kubva kunyika kure. Kazhinji kacho wakadenha maari chido nokuda unexplored nyika, nzendo uye zvakawanikwa. Mumakore ake muduku aifanira kusiya duku kumusha ari kurwisa vanodzvinyirirwa, zvisinei, iyo, rakavambwa pano. Wakararama zvishoma muna Samosi mugore 464 anotumirwa yako refu rwendo mufambi Herodotus, nenzvimbo kuwanikwa iyo achaita mupiro huru nesayenzi.

Herodotus, muBhabhironi

nakisa Ancient guru reAsiriya, vaizvambarara pamahombekombe Yufratesi - Bhabhironi. Sezvo waitanga rwendo munhu mukuru. The guta rakanga takapoteredzwa nomugero uye yakasimba kaviri chidhinha masvingo. Mumigwagwa, vachifora zvakasimba sezvo mutongi, rikazadza imba muna matatu kana kunyange zvina uriri. Iye anosimbisa mavakirwo nguva mufambi vanamambokadzi Netoktidy uye Bhabhironi. Madhamu, kudiridza yaNire, bhiriji - zvose chakavakwa muBhabhironi, nemhaka vakachenjera vakadzi. What Herodotus nenzvimbo Zvakawanikwa chokuita nenzvimbo ino?

Kazhinji, akataura noruremekedzo tsika East yekare, kwete kukanganwa kukosha kwayo kuti tsika zvenyika yekare. Herodotus akazarura kupfuura mashoko wenyika pamusoro vanhu vaigara yava Tiến Shan uye Turkmenistan (Sogd, sahah, areyah zvichingodaro).

Geographical zvakawanwa pakati Herodotus mu India

Paaiva Asiria, mufambi akanzwa zvakawanda pamusoro nyika asingazivikanwi kuti India. Akanyora vomunguva yake vakanga zvikuru. Maererano Herodotus, mashoko okutanga pamusoro asingazivikanwi pakona ndokumuka Mambo Dhariusi, paakatuma vaaitonga kuongorora nzira kubva pamuromo Indus kuGungwa Dzvuku.

Pano vodilos guru siyana neshiri nemhuka inopenya, hombe uye zvinoshamisa zvirimwa. VaGiriki kuti nguva yakanga isingazivikanwi mufananidzo. Saka, mubvunzo "? Chii nenzvimbo kuwanikwa chakaitwa Herodotus mu India" Inogona akapindura seizvi: akapa vaGiriki mutsva zvinovaka muviri nechipiriso - mupunga. Ini zvakashamisa kwaari, uye "chibereko nemvere" - donje. About vanhu munyika, iye akanyora kuti vanhu ikoko vanotaura mitauro yakasiyana, pane anongofamba uye ndakagara avanhu, uye vose zvakasiyana: mumwe aidaro hove, apo vamwe zvokudya chete uswa.

Ndezvipi nenzvimbo Zvakawanikwa na Herodotus muna cheScythia?

Achitaura pamusoro Zvakawanikwa vafambi munyika ino, zvinokosha kutaura kuti ndiye wokutanga akapa rondedzero yakatodzama upenyu, tsika uye tsika cheScythia. Herodotus pamberi, vaSitiya yaive hapana anozivikanwa. Saka sezvo musayendisiti akaberekerwa munzvimbo dzine makomo uye mafungu, zvinonzi akarova chaizvo nokuti vaSitiya - guru bani wakafuma rakaorera chernozem. Okunze munyika zvakashamisa Herodotus, zvaiita sokuti chando pano kwazvinogumira mwedzi dzinenge masere. Anogara rondedzero nharaunda yorwizi: Istra, Tyra Borisphen uye zvichingodaro. basa rake pamusoro pamarudzi cheScythia aiva zvinokosha vomuzuva, uyezve, izvozvo kunosimbiswa Zvakafukunurwa zvavakaita munguva yedu. Herodotus akatsanangura tsika dzechokwadi uye netsika mamwe madzinza, pachake kuzivana navo. Kufarira kwake runochengeta mombe-maberekero madzinza, nekuti mararamiro wavo zvaishamisa kuti vaGiriki. Kunyatsoyeuka akarondedzera mufambi uto zvidobi pakati vaSitiya, aifarira. Vakakwanisa pamberi pechikara wavarwisi mauto, kukwezvera kune hwomutambarakede kundima navo uye chete ipapo uvhure mari kurwisana.

Herodotus muIjipiti

Egypt akamutsa kuziva guru mufambi kupfuura kare akashanyira nyika. Iye rinosanganisa kuti mubatanidzwa nzvimbo uye nhoroondo kwairi vakakwana. Herodotus nenzvimbo Zvakawanikwa naye Egipita, vakanga zvikuru nokuda Greece panguva iyoyo. Nile mafashamo ndokumurova, akakanda mauto avo ose mhinduro dzake zvakavanzika.

Mufambi uye wenhoroondo, akasiya tsananguro wokutanga vaIjipiti, avo upenyu uye kujairika zvigadzirwa. Zvikurukuru iye munyaya basa rake iye vanobatanidza mhuka uye munhu, yakanga isingachengetwi Greece. Zvakakwana chibvumirano, akanyudzwa ane katsi muIjipiti, garwe, nezizi guru, akashamisa Herodotus. Kunyange zvakadaro, vakawanda kufunga waanoripira kuti adzidze mvura inoyera rwaNire. Very muropa chitsuwa kwake Elephantine, apo "Nilometer". Average zvakanaka namasvingo zvakagadzirwa girenayiti, zvakabatana kurwizi chaiyo mudziyo. On mapuranga, izvo wagadzirirwa kwazvo wakatemerwa mvura pamwero murwizi. Ndadzoka kubva pachitsuwa, mufambi anosarudza kutumira Libya.

Kuongororwa pfungwa zvekare

Herodotus, kuenda kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana kuti chihombe chiitiko iyoyo. Aigona kushora zvekare pfungwa dzenyika. Kufamba nomugungwa izvi yakawanikwa Herodotus Zvinokoshawo!

VaGiriki vaidavira kuti kugarwa nyika ine tenderera chimiro. Herodotus rinoramba nhema idzodzo. Akatiwo nyika gobvu haumanikidzwi kugovera migove mitatu, uye muganhu kuita pamusoro penzizi huru. Share Europe, Asia uye Libya (dzaiva hombe kusiyana mashoko vemo uye yezvakaita Nzvimbo), akanga aronga kwete nzizi Phasis, Tanais, muNairi Gungwa reMediterranean, Pontasi uye Metaide. Vatariri vakapoteredza nyika yose, musayendisiti waramba pfungwa vaGiriki kuti dhisiki serin'i nyika kumicheto kwaro, uye pakati kudzamisa.

Averenga mabasa ari jogirafi uye nhoroondo, rakanyorwa Greek Herodotus, haagoni kurerutswa mupiro wake guru nesayenzi! Mufambi somumwe chikuru mapiyona enguva yake. Akaunganidza iripo ruzivo pamusoro nyika rimwe basa, akapa vakararama uye kurondedzerwa madzinza akawanda uye mararamiro avo uye tsika. Herodotus akava muteveri mukuru Strabo.