Uripi yeGungwa Azov? Gungwa Azov pamepu weRussia. Crimea, Sea Azov

Gungwa Azov pamepu iri Semi-akanyudzwa mumvura Atlantic Ocean. Chinhu iri mu nechokumabvazuva Europe. Nyika mbiri pane yavo eGungwa Azov - muUkraine uye Russia.

Vhuṱanzi

The Sea Azov anonzi kuva duku munyika. Its kunonyanyisa udzamu - kwete anopfuura gumi nehafu metres, uye avhareji (maererano nokufungidzira siyana.) - iri kuwanda 6,8-8 M munzvimbo yeGungwa Azov, dziri zvimwe zvinhu, unobva mvura Atlantic Ocean. Pakati pavo ndiye Kerch Kwazvo pamusoro Gibraltar uye Bosphorus uye Dardanelles. Uyewo, unobatanidza hazvipo Mediterranean, reAegean uye Black makungwa.

nyaya

Pakuvamba, munguva dzekare, apo yeGungwa Azov zvino, pakanga pasina mvura. Kuzadza mvura zvichipomerwa yakatanga muna 5600 BC. e. Nepo Don River runoyerera muGungwa Dema zvakananga kuitika pamusoro Kerch Strait. Munzvimbo yeGungwa Azov, pane nharaunda dzakasiyana. Mazita mazhinji vakaenda vachimiririra mudhamu. Somuenzaniso, musha Azov uye Azov, guta Azov, riri dzapasi kunosvika yorwizi. Don Novoazovsk nevamwe.

zita

Munguva dzekare, mvura vemarudzi akasiyana makadanirwa kwavowo. Zvinofanira akati kuti gungwa riri zita nguva zvakakwana. Kusvikira nhasi haana kusimbiswa chaiyo kwakabva zita. Pane hypotheses akawanda pamusoro Mabviro ezwi chepakutanga rokuti "zvinokosha":

• anonzi Prince Azuma, uyo akaurayiwa muna 1067 g.;
• worudzi zita "aces", izvo zvaizoitawo akanga vaifungidzirwa Avestan uye rinoreva "kutsanya";
• of Circassian "uzev", iro rinoreva "muromo";
• of Turkic shoko "Athan" - "yakaderera".

Kare I c. n. e. Pliny mutsamba yake, uchinyora marudzi muSitia, rinoti kugarwa "Asoka". The zita zvakafanana shoko "muvare". Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zita ano mvura chakashandiswa panzvimbo mazita Russian kubvira pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi17, nemhaka sahwira Pimen. Zvinofanira akati kuti zita yokutanga haina achiwana Azov Sea zvose (pamepu yeRussia asiri kure nomumwe iro akagamuchira zita reguta Taganrog iri nhasi). Uye chete kune 2nd yezana remakore rechi18, zita rave kungoitwa munharaunda yose.

tsvakurudzo

History of kudzidza nzvimbo, apo Gungwa Azov, conventionally rakakamurwa muzvikamu akawanda.

1. Geographic (vekare), kubvira panguva Herodotus kusvikira kwezana remakore rechi19.
2. Zvemaumbirwo uye Geography. It kubvira remakore rechi19 kusvika 40s remakore rechi20.
3. Complex. Nguva iyi yakatanga pezana remakore rechi20 uye kuramba nhasi.

Kraudhiyo Ptolemy yokutanga mepu ndokukweverwazve kumusoro yeGungwa Azov nemhenderekedzo. Ukraine sezvo vakadaro haripo, uye nzvimbo dura hama kune zvimwe zvinhu zvakanga zvisiri pachena. Ptolemy akasimbisa wokutanga Geographic coordinates kuti mumiromo nzizi, maguta, bays uye capes. Pashure Svyatoslavovych Hleb, aitonga 1068 muna Tmutarakan, aizi akayera kure Kerch kusvika Taman. Panguva iyoyo vanenge 20 makiromita. Nechekare muna 12-14 emakore Venetians uye Genoese akatanga kuita mepu uye dzengarava nhungamiro Azov uye Black makungwa.

nenzvimbo nzvimbo

The nzvimbo gungwa Azovskoe, nhema pakati 45 ° 12'30 "uye 47 ° 17'30" p. W. uye 33 ° 38 'uye 39 ° 18' mu. . D Dam kunonyanyisa kureba 380 makiromita, uye upamhi - 200 makiromita. Coastline ane kureba 2686 km pose mvura nzvimbo ndokwenguva nzvimbo 37.800 mativi mamita. ? km (mufananidzo uyu haibatanidzi mhotsi dzangu uye zvitsuwa, izvo vakapararira munzvimbo 107,9 sq. km). Maererano morphological zviri chinhu ndohwaJehovha muchikwata che sandara yamakungwa. The dziva anonzi njere, ane pasi materu kumiganhu. Azov Sea (pamepu Russia, zvinofanira kuonekwa zvakajeka anogona) kure zvakakwana kubva munyanza. Panyaya iyi, chinhu ndezvaiye boka Continental zhinji. In yechando, Gungwa Azov kunogona zvakakwana kana aoma Ndinoda. The chando panguva zvavakatemerwa pamusoro Kerch Strait. Kazhinji, chando inotungamirwa inotanga muna January. Mumakore inotonhora zvinogona kuitika mwedzi yapfuura.

bathymetry

Nzvimbo Gungwa Azov, ane husina pasi pemvura kwakaita nzvimbo yacho. Nokufamba nokubviswa kubva kumahombekombe, uye pane mvere anononoka kuwedzera makadzika. Nechepakati chikamu nzvimbo vanozadzika 13 mamita. Pane kunonyanyisa udzamu. Location isobaths pedyo zvakafanana, ichibata, anouraya shoma muvakweve kurutivi rwokumusoro-kumabvazuva muGulf of Taganrog. Inenge makiromita maviri kubva kumhenderekedzo iri isobath 5 mamita. Zvinonzi kubva Taganrog Bay uye pedyo pamuromo Don River. In mugove ichi kudzama kunowedzera kurutivi rakazaruka divi dura. Pamuganhu gungwa Gulf vanozadzika sere kana pfumbamwe mamita. dzinoratidzwa pasi ruyamuro enyika pasi pemvura kwakadzikira. Vanoedza madokero (nemabhengi Arabatskaya uye Marine) uye kumabvazuva (Zhelezinka Bank) mudunhu. Depth pamusoro pavo vari kuderedzwa kubva 8-9 kusvika matatu kusvika mashanu mamita. Shore pemvura Nemikwidza kurutivi rwokumusoro pamhenderekedzo iri dzinoratidzwa kumbonyanya paupamhi shallows. Pano, kudzama 6-7 m. The yokumaodzanyemba kunoratidzwa pamawere pasi pemvura materu. Depth panzvimbo ino - 11-13 mamita. Seashores muitiro jecha uye sandarara. Kumaodzanyemba chikamu Zvisinei, unogona kuwana makomo kuti vari kuputika mavambo, uye dzimwe nguva kupfuura advanced poromoka kumakomo.

The catchment nharaunda iri mumudziyo anenge 586.000 mativi mamita. ? km. Kuyerera kunobva mhepo ichivhuvhuta simba kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva uye kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero mirayiridzo. The chikuru inofamba iri mumahombekombe. kutungamirira Its shure Kutenderera.

tembiricha mamiriro

For kudzika mvura kunoratidzwa makuru pamwaka tembiricha variability. Winter rate yakakwirira sezvinoita shoma. Muna January-February, anokoshesa pedyo oma pfungwa. In kumaodzanyemba dura, pedyo Kerch Strait, kuti lämpömittari mbiru hunopfuura razero. tembiricha amplitude pagore - + 27.5 ... + 28.5 ° C. Muchirimo, pose yose gungwa akacherekedza kumbonyanya homogeneous zviratidzi - kubva +24 kusvika +26 inegumi. Muna July, mune dzimwe nzvimbo (akadai Crimea) Azov Sea ari up kuti vaifanira 28 ... 28.5 inegumi. Asi Wekumusoro-soro tembiricha hwakanyorwa muna Primorsko-Akhtarsk. Yakanga 32,5 inegumi. Panyaya refu avhareji tembiricha, panguva pemvura zviri mukati 11 ° C. nokufamba Inter-pagore apo murayiro mumwe dhigirii.

salinity

gungwa Azovskoe ane hydrochemical zvinhu. Vari akaumba kunyanya pasi pokudzora zhinji rwizi inflow (anenge 12% of zvachose Vhoriyamu mvura). Uyezve, pane kudziviswa zvishoma mvura exchange kweGungwa Dema. murau Don salinity dura asati vafunga kudzika kupfuura gungwa. katatu. Zviratidzi siyana 1 ppm pamuromo rwizi kusvika 10.5 nechepakati chikamu uye kusvika 11.5 muna Kerch Strait. The salinity kweGungwa Azov akatanga kumuka pashure pakuvaka Tsimlyansk Hydroelectric. Pakazosvika 1977, avhareji yakawedzera kusvika 13.8 ppm muna Taganrog Bay pakati nhamba vaiva zvishoma kudzika - 11.2. Munguva pfupi mukuru mwando tigutsikane pakanga nokukurumidza kuderera salinity. Zvaive munguva nguva iyi 10,9 ‰. Zvisinei, nokuda 2000, nhamba akamukazve, pakudzikamisa pa 11 ‰. Zvinofanira kunzi kuchamhembe chikamu dura hapana nomunyu, kusiyana nzvimbo, iyo adjoins muCrimea. Azovskoe gungwa (mepu inoratidza nzvimbo chinhu chinopiwa pazasi) munzvimbo mupfumi iiswe bundu munyu. Rakanga mined kubva munguva dzekare. Kusvikira pakupera kwezana remakore rechi19 munyu kubva panzvimbo iyi inopiwa Russia inoda kusvika hafu. Largest ukoshi anosvika salinity chemhinduro - uye brine Syvash mamwe madhamu. Izvi imhaka zvakasimba kwemvura kubva pemvura muzhizha. izvi hypersaline migove zvose zvinomiririra deposits makuru renewable chicherwa munyu, izvo zvinozivikanwa gungwa Azovskoe. Russia, ndine izvi zvinhu, inopa wandei chicherwa ichi. Nokuda chokuita gungwa chikamu brine akafanana gungwa mvura mamiriro. Advantageously, ari brine chipo chlorides uye sulfates ose magnesium uye yavaibvisa.

mvura

The Sea Azov ane yakaderera pachena. In ose mwaka yegore uye munzvimbo dzakasiyana, zvakasiyana. Zviratidzi siyana 0.5 kusvika 8 mamita. Low pachena nokuda kunyanya kupinda yakawanda rwizi rwemvura turbid, zvakakwana kukurumidza resuspension ose pasi sludge panguva kokutambudzika mvura, uye kuvapo muna planktonic Dam makore. Yakadereresa prices zvinowanika zviri Taganrog Bay. Pane zvinhu pachena ari kuwanda 0.5-0.9, mu zvisingawanzoitiki zviitiko - 2 mamita. Mvura iyi inogona kuchinja ruvara rwayo kubva greenish-yellow kune brownish-yellow. Nechepakati chikamu dura nokuda kudzama guru uye pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu Sea Black dzenzvimbo pachena ingabva nehafu kusvika maviri nehafu kusvika mamita masere. Pano mvura ine greenish-mutema ruvara. Anenge kwose kwose panguva yezhizha ichiwedzerwa pachena. Uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo nokuda nokururamisira nokukurumidza kukura mhuka tuduku uye zvinomera zviri chokumusoro mufananidzo anodonhedza kuti Zero. ipapo mvura inova rakajeka mitema. Fani iyi inozivikanwa se "gungwa maruva".