Guta guru reAsiriya, guta iro rinonzi "nzvimbo inogara shumba", "Ropa City"

Nhoroondo nyika yekare zvinonakidza chaizvo. Special womumhuri ndiyo kuvapo mavara machena, izvo chete anofarira neshungu, kukonzera kukurumidza kutiza chinoshamisira. Pakati mararamiro evanhu vokutanga zvinokosha Asiria, iri Mesopotamia, munzvimbo yayo nechekuchamhembe. Early guru reAsiriya - kuguta Ashur (kana MuAsiria), anonzi pashure mwari mukuru Ashur. Kwaari zita rakapiwa yose umambo.

A zvishoma nhoroondo

In yechipiri yezana remakore rechitatu BC muna muArabhiya Peninsula nehasha kuipa ekunze. Zvakaita navageremo (madzinza oukuru) kutamira kumugwagwa kunotsvaka nzvimbo yakakodzera kurarama. Kuenda kuchamhembe uye kumabvazuva, vakasvika Mesopotamia, uko akagadzirisa hama dzavo dzepedyo - the Akkadians.

Mumwe nomumwe, ivo akavamba misha, iyo ndokubereka muumambo hwacho. Huru maguta Ninevia simbi, uye Ashur Arbela kuti XV kuti. BC Zvakavapo kubudikidza pachavo, aparadzane nomumwe.

guru rokutanga muAsiria

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti paguta Ashur, iyo yakava muzinda nyika duku, mubasa kutengeserana. It yaitongwa vatengesi, uye zvisarudzo zvinokosha munzanga yavo. Zvakanga avo okutanga akasvika Asia Minor, kwavainzwa akavamba dzakawanda dzaitongwa. Mubati weguta (ishshiakkum) aiva simba rakazara, uye zita rake raiva nhaka. nharaunda yayo simba raiva chitendero, kureva aiva mupristi mukuru uye mukuru weuto, uye kunyange airidza basa musoro Council. Zvikuru gare gare Council yaisanganisira vanhu sezvo pedyo ishshiakkumu, iyo akava mambo chaiye.

The XXIII mu. BC nharaunda (guru reAsiriya uyewo) akauya pasi pokutonga umambo Akkad, uye pashure kukunda vanhu vake that yawana rusununguko. Nhasi tinogona kuona matongo ichi kamwe guru guta 260? Km kubva Baghdad.

Other nzvimbo

• Dur-Sharrukin. Kunyange zvazvo guta - kwete guru reAsiriya wokutanga, akanga akaita basa rinokosha muupenyu hwevanhu. Zvayaiva maawa matatu kubva Ninivhe, aiva yakagara mambo wechipiri. The yokugara rakaumbwa Sagoni II muna 711 BC Dur-Sharrukin (Khorsabad nhasi) yakanga yakapoteredzwa nemasvingo akakura, uye mukati ane guru palace mazana maviri makamuri. Vawana vapfumi sculptural kushongedzwa pari zvakachengetwa panguva Louvre (Paris).
• Matongo Nimrud (Kalha) nhasi vari Iraq pedyo neguta Mosul. Settlement kunobva Sharimaneseri I muna XIII remakore BC, uye pashure pemakore mana naAshurnasirpal II akaita guta rake. Pave paya, guta rakaparadzwa nemauto evaMedhia vaKaradhea. Pano zvikuru mumuzinda, takakombwa masvingo uye dzimba vakamira. Panguva Kucherwa vaakawana mifananidzo zvokufungidzira zvisikwa, vakawanda reliefs, mifananidzo, ivhu ndiro rakanyorwa checuneiform. Zvinosuruvarisa, munguva yacho Iraq hondo, guta rekare zvakaipisisa sousingabatsiri.

kutyisidzira Ninivhe

Ndiyo imwe guta guru reAsiriya. City rinonzi "bako reshumba," "ropa guta." Ko akanga pedyo Mosul ano (Iraq) kuruboshwe rweTigirisi - pazvikomo Kuyunjik. zita rayo inozivikanwa zvose kubva muBhaibheri. Sezvo dzekare vanoti, Ninivhi rakaumbwa anenge pakati yechishanu chemakore BC The guta chikuru zvakaita Sennahirib uye mwanakomana wake naAshurbhanipari.

Panguva yacho ichatonga zvine mbiri, Ninivhi akatambanudzira pamwe dzorwizi makiromita mana, uye mukuru mumugwagwa ane makubhiti 26 mamita. The guru reAsiriya, uine yakajeka uye kunyatsoomerera plan, iyo categorically airambidzwa kuputsa.

Asiwo yokugara simba yakakundwa. Guta guru reAsiriya - reNinivhi - rakaparadzwa nevaBhabhironi chete evaMedhiya. Akacherwa matongo, vanochera matongo vakawana dzasara yakakurumbira Kuyundzhikskoy muraibhurari youshe, izvo mudzimba dzevhu Mahwendefa anenge makumi matatu nezviviri. Also kuwanikwa polychrome Ceramics, zvivezwa yendarira, reliefs uye mifananidzo dzakawanda gedhi vachengeti - dzine mapapiro uye neshumba.

The pakuonekwa guta

The guru reAsiriya, kare raiva diki ugari. Asi munguva dzinotaurwa muBhaibheri, apo Mwari akatuma Jona kuNinivhi, kuti akanga ane unprecedentedly hombe. Its muvambi ichaongororwa kuva mwanakomana waMambo Sagoni Saniheribhi. Akaitawo guta rake guru uye akagara guru nzira.

The guru weAsiria - "shumba inogara" - rakanga rakapoteredzwa hombe Madziro kureba gumi makiromita. Raiva anenge gumi nemashanu masuo. Mvura anopinda guta kuburikidza gwara upamhi 20 metres uye kureba pamusoro 50 km, iyo zvino yakanga nomumugero, ipapo mugero. Mutongi aiva norupo pamwe Canal vavaki, sezvo nezvako zvinyorwa.

Guta guru reAsiriya - Ninevhe guta - inogarwa nevanhu 170,000! sekamufarenzi Its rinosvika 150? km. Inside the kugarwa vaiva nhare yamambo uye temberi, asiwo, mafuro neminda kwete chete. Chevaux mumugwagwa nemafashamo pamwe Asphalt, akanga yakashongedzwa sebvudzi yakanyungudutswa uye aiva upamhi mukuru kupfuura Nevsky Prospekt muSt Petersburg nhasi.

Kuwa guru guta

Asi guta guru reAsiriya rakarongerwa. City rinonzi "bako reshumba," "ropa guta" uye nevagari vayo - vanozvikudza uye utsinye vanhu. The Bible akaprofita kuparadzwa Ninivhe, kutendeuka kurenje. Asi kukombwa wokutanga avaMedhi muushe naAshurbhanipari akararama. Kupera simba hweAsiriya rakasvika apo vakakunda vanhu vakatsvaka kukanda joko nechisimba.

Muna 614, pasi Office weBhabhironi vakabatana vaMedhiya vakakomba guta. vagari varo vakapiwa wakakodzera kurambwa, asi mauto akanga dzisakarurama. Mukuwedzera, wavarwisi akaenda imwe nzira: vakaparadza mai, achipa Tiger mukana kubuda dzarwo usukwe chikamu masvingo. Mauto vakapamba guta guru kamwe makuru uye rakaparadzwa kusvikira pasi. Chete pakati pezana-namapfumbamwe remakore, Ninivhi, akadzoka kubva yokukanganwa Vongai kuitwa matongo Genri Leyyarda Aston.

Mark munhoroondo

Kunyange zvazvo guta guru nezveAsiriya yakawira, zvichiratidza rufu yose hwacho, asi haina kurasika ari labyrinths kare. Muchirumbidza vanhu vayo ikozvino uye ipapo akazviratidzazve mumapeji zvapedzisira yaMakoronike, kuti haiwanzowaniki Kunze nesayenzi.

VaAsiria havana kuparadzwa, kwete kutombozivikanwa muchiKristu, uye pamudyandigere kuti dzisingambosvikiki makomo Kurdistan, apo vakaramba kutevera tsika yemadzitateguru avo. Zvekare nguva Dhariusi I dzinoti paivakwa mumuzinda yakashandiswa omusidhari kubva paRebhanoni nevaAsiria. Arab vanyori kuMiddle Ages raiti vanhu vekare uchirarama munyika yavo. A shopi of Armenian Church mu Mosul uye zvino kunzi muAsiria. In wokutanga pamwedzi yegore iri kupemberera Day veNinevhe pamwe kumboitika kupembera uye chiyero. Sedzinza vaAsiria vachengete inokosha yokutsanya, sezvakaita madzibaba avo. Uye vanopfeka conical heti zvakaitwa akanzwa, nevhudzi kuti upamhi akadai vaya vanoratidzwa rekare Bhanabhasi-reliefs. Neheti izvi havana zvakajairika kumwe kuMabvazuva.

pachinzvimbo mhedziso

The Bible inotiudza guta murombo, izvo, kufanana Bhabhironi, anyudzwe chivi uye nokuzvikudza. Ndicho chikonzero akaurayiwa sezvinoitwa akanga zvafanotaurwa. Asi vanyori vezvakaitika kare uye vanochera matongo zvinoratidza ndeimwewo - a zvinoshamisa guru kugarwa panguva iyoyo chaiva kuronga nokungwarira pfungwa urongwa. upfumi hwake aisagona haikukwezvi dzimwe inoti, izvo chete akawana simba uye aida mari. Ndokusaka shanduko hweAsiriya vakasvika mamwe maguta zvisinganyanyi muduku kwete chete kuNinevhe, asi Nimrud uye Ashuri.