Chii ndiwo mimicry? Mimicry: Mienzaniso

Sezvaunoziva, zvisikwa hakuiti kusika chinhu kukodzera. mudziyo upi kuti icho akapa chipenyu muviri, nguva dzose dzichipfekeka uye inoshanda. Uye kamafurashi nemano vachangobva vawana zvinomera, tumbuyu, shiri nedzimwe mhuka mukufamba shanduka, zvichisiya avo kuti yakavimbika kubatsira kurarama chete. Kuti tinzwisise musimboti mimicry, zvakafanira kuti chii chiri uye chii chiri chinangwa.

mhando mimicry

Masking zvipenyu zvinogona mapoka mapoka maererano siyana zvinodiwa. Wokutanga izvi - chinangwa mimicry inogona mapoka mapoka maviri:

1. Aggressive: chikara blends kupinda kumashure kuti avandire nyama yawo. Kakawanda zviri zvounhu kana ruvara mimicry. Mienzaniso mhuka-vavhimi, kushandiswa kwayo, inogona dzakanyorwa kwenguva refu: shumba merges pamwe savanna, ingwe namavanga kuti asingaoneki mudondo, riri Bheya rakamira pachando haaoneki pamusoro pakanyorwa chando uye chando.
2. Pusa: zvakagadzirirwa disguising mhuka dzinodyiwa. Zvaoma, kunyange kana kuratidzwa chete ruvara.

Mhando mimicry unyanzvi hunoshandiswa inogona Classified sezvinotevera:

1. Color. Uye murege chete masking serakavakwa, asi mimics dzimwe mhando fauna of ngozi kune kungotarisa masking kunangwa.
2. Mimicry chimiro - runowanzoitika tumbuyu uye zvisikwa gungwa uyewo kudzivirira kurwisa. It akaratidza ari kutarisana Kufanana ne "uninteresting" chikara zvinhu zvakasikwa. Pakati mhuka yakakwirira hapana mienzaniso masking yakadaro. Handiti, musimboti wechinhu mimicry? The zvingori mumaziso. A mhuka iri pakuvhima nezvatinovavarira zvikurukuru pamusoro kunhuwidza.
3. Sound mimicry. Vakadarovo wokudzivirira. Ataurwa nokutevedzera ruzha zvisikwa ngozi. Muenzaniso aizova Sichik tsuro, muridzo senyoka.

ruvara mimicry

Vakawanda chimiro yokunyengera. Nyore kuita - kubatanidza pamwe pakanyorwa - rinoshandiswa mune hasha uye pusa zvinangwa. zvipenyu zvose Most vachishandisa yokunyengera ichi, "ndiye" ruvara zvose hwake. Zvisinei, pane Misiyano ruvara mimicry. Wokutanga izvi - yomwaka ruvara shanduko. Muenzaniso yaizova tsuro. Kunyange zvakawanda kunzwisisa mashandiro kuti masking mu dzakaderera zvipenyu zvinogona kuchinja ruvara maererano kumashure pamusoro zvavakanga akazviratidza. Kubatanidza pamwechete Ruvara pamusoro - kuti ndiwo ruvara mimicry. The yakakurumbira muenzaniso ndiyo nedzvinyu, anokwanisa "pendi" pachavo, kunyange ruvara pamusoro chessboard. Asi iye oga kwete nemano ake: nomupedzachose Smerinthus tiliae anoramba mutema ruvara, apo akatasva mashizha, uye repainted mu mashava, mumugwagwa hunde.

kungatonziwo ngozi

In Zvinotaurwa, rinorevawo ruvara mimicry. Zvisinei, kusarudza chinotonyanya oma. Disguising sezvo uturu uye inedible mhando rinoshandiswa nezvipembenene, nezvinokambaira uye amphibians. Most siyana panyaya iyi mimicry kungozvifunga. Somuenzaniso, mhembwewo chena shavishavi mapapiro kuri muchetura coloring heliconiinae. Kusiyanisa pakati pavo chete pamusoro nemamiriro muviri. Zvisinei, havana chete kutevedzerwa hama. Tropical shavishavi Kaliga ane chakasimba chaizvo mufananidzo pamapapiro, akafanana maziso ane zizi.

Asi pasi yokunyengera hama ngozi zvikuru nevakawanda vari vapenyu nyika. An analogue kwedu nyoka - mukaka nyoka - iri zvinouraya muchetura rwisana ruvara Coral semvumbi, mhembwewo datya Allobates Zaparo kupendwa ane ngozi zvikuru inonzi Epipedobates bilinguis. Zvisinei, kwemanheru "maziso" - patepi pamusoro - vari kuvhundutsira mabiko.

Mamiriro chikuru kuti zvinofanira kuitwa kuti tivhare "kudzimika" moto - mimikrantov nhamba anofanira kuva yakaderera pane nhamba kutevedzerwa. Zvikara nguva vachiri "edza pamusoro nezino 'inedible zvakatapwa. Uye kana kupfuura hafu nyaya vachava rinonaka, rokudzivirira dziberekane kuchanyarara ushande.

Tichitevedzera zvakatipoteredza

Zvakajairika chaizvo kwete chete panyika asiwo gungwa uye gungwa nemvura. Akaita asiri chikafu akafanana - ndicho musimboti wenyika mimicry mhando iyi. Shandisa dzose gakanje chakafanana hurungudo, kuti shrimp Palemon - pupyrchatye mashava matope kweGungwa Sargasso, kwaanogara. mimicry kwakadaro kunogona kuva kwenguva pfupi maitiro: akavanda octopus tentacles zvaunoswedera pachavo, anochinja ruvara (sezvo tinogona kuona, hakuna mubatanidzwa marudzi maviri kamafurashi) uye Maberere "shure." Result: pamberi pako hakunakidzi uye maturo ibwe.

Gakava pamusoro mimicry

Mumakore achangopfuura, nyanzvi dzakawanda vakatanga kusava nechokwadi rakavimbika nzira iyi kudzivirira - chero zvazvingava, chemufananidzo. Chokwadi ndechokuti masking-mimicry kunobva zvikurukuru pamusoro maonero unyengeri. Asi kunyange insectivorous shiri vanotungamirirwa kwete chete pane Mifananidzo, asi munhuwi. Saka, kana kuti hunonhuwirira rinonaka, vanogona kuteerera chokwadi kuti tsvimbo Tupukanana anotarira sechipande, uye kudya. Dzinga pendi, avo maonero, tibudirire - shiri haangavi kubhururuka pedyo zvokuti kuona kana munhu chaiye zizi maziso nokudhiraivha kwake kubva pamuti. Uyezve, zvipembenene phylliidae zvokudya pamusoro mashizha, kazhinji kudya hama dzavo, nokuvhiringidza navo zvavo dzinongoitika zvokudya. A nomupedzachose, inonzi zemlemerkami, dzinobviswa webindu, vanosanganisa navo zvinomera. Zvisinei, munhu nyore vabiridzire pane zvakasikwa vavengi vavo. Zvisinei, nemhaka ichi zvose tinogona kugumisa kuti mubvunzo, chii ndiwo mimicry, zvakare yakaramba isina kupindurwa.