Chii savanna uye varipi? Savannah South America

Zvinosuruvarisa, vanhu havana vazhinji vanoziva kuti mapani uye kwadziri. Vatadze - wechisikigo nzvimbo kuti anowanika kunyanya dzinopisa uye subtropics. The kupfuura chinokosha bhendi iri nyoro mwaka okunze ane iziviswe kuchinja mwaka kwemvura uye kunonaya. Pakanzi Izvi zvinoguma yomwaka mutinhimira dzinongoitika pezvakaitwa pano. mapazi ichi chiri dzinoratidzwa ferralitic ivhu uye nemiti herbaceous pamwe dzakapfirirwa miti mumapoka.

Localization savanna

Ngatitarisei muudzame zvinodzidziswa savanna uye apo ivo. The guru nzvimbo iri savanna muAfrica, zvinotora inenge 40% of nzvimbo ino. Nzvimbo yepanyama nzvimbo duku dziri mu South America (dzakakwirira wokuBrazil, apo dzinonzi Campos, muna Orinoco River mumupata - plains), iri kumabvazuva uye kumaodzanyemba Asia (Indochina kweItari, Deccan Plateau, Indo-Gangsaya nebani), uyewo Australia .

Climate

For Savannah Paaiita monsoon kutengeserana-mhepo-kuparadzirwa mhepo zvavo. Muzhizha munzvimbo idzi hunodzorwa rakaoma achinaya mhepo, uye muchando - nyoro Equatorial. The kure pakati Equatorial bhanhire, zvikuru pane rutapudzo mwaka wemvura (kubvira 8-9 mwedzi 2-3 panguva kwokunze kumuganhu wenyika). Panguva iyoyo mirayiridzo, uye zvinoderedza uwandu wepagore kunonaya (anenge 2000 mm kusvika 250. mm). Nokuti Savannah zvakare dzinoratidzwa nokufamba duku kupisa zvichienderana mwaka (kubvira 15C kusvika 32C). Daily amplitude anogona kuva nouchapupu uye kusvika 25 inegumi. Kwakadaro okunze zvinhu ndakasika yakasiyana nedzimwe ezvinhu ari savanna.

ivhu

Nevhu munzvimbo dziri novimba kureba mvura nguva uye dzakasiyana Washing hwechiKomonisiti. Pedyo ine masango, munzvimbo mwaka kuchinaya runogara inenge 8 months, akaumba ferralitic ivhu. Munzvimbo mwaka uyu idukusa 6 mwedzi, unogona kuona tsvuku-mashava nevhu. Panguva chemuganhu isingabereki nevhu semideserts uye vanoumba nhete paiva manyowa.

Savannah South America

In Highlands Brazilian zvikamu izvi dziri kunyanya migove ayo mukati. Naivowo rakatora nharaunda Orinoco dzakaderera uye Guiana Highlands. MuBrazil, pane hwokufananidzira savanna Red ferrallitic nevhu. Herbaceous zvinomera mapazi zvinganaka rine vemhuri bhinzi, rekushongedzesa, uye Compositae. Woody uswa mhando kana akaita asipo kana kuitika muchimiro mamwe Mimosa pamwe zontikopodobnoy korona, milkweed, Succulents, cacti uye muti xerophytes.

Kuchamhembe kwakadziva, chikamu chikuru kwenzvimbo inogarwa Brazilian Highlands Caatinga (sparse sango kwemvura nemishonga nemiti yakabva kune dzimwe pamusoro dzvuku mashava nevhu). Matavi uye hunde dzacho emiti Caatinga vanowanzotambura zvinenge zvakazara epiphytic zvinomera uye mizambiringa. Uyewo, pane mamwe marudzi zvanza.

Nemapani South America dziri riri dzisinganayi dziri Gran Chaco iri dzvuku mashava nevhu. Pano, pane sparse masango mumatenhere ose minzwa nemiti. Masango zvakare chinoitika Algarrobo - Mimosa muti mhuri, iyo ine curved mbiru uye branching zvakasimba kuparadzira korona. Low matanda tiers vari makwenzi vanoumba kwegore risingapindiki mudenhere rayo.

Pakati pemhuka dziri savanna armadillo, ocelot, pampassky nondo magellanskaya katsi, Beaver, katsi Pampa, rheas nevamwe. Rodent pano anogara tuco-tuco uye viskach. nzvimbo dzakawanda mapani vanotambura mhashu matambudziko. Kunewo yakawanda nyoka uye nedzvinyu. Chimwe maitiro chepfungwa nzvimbo - vakawanda juru pazvikomo.

African savanna

Zvino, vaverengi vose pamwe kushamisika: "? Aripi mapani mu Africa" Mhinduro, pamusoro kondinendi dema, nzvimbo iyi kunova anomhanya achifamba gandiwa kwenzvimbo kwemasango anogara achinaya mvura. Muganhu mapazi kwesango uye dilutes zvishoma nezvishoma kuva varombo. Pakati musango savanna mavara kuitika. Tropical masango manyoro zvichipera zvishoma kuvharirwa rwizi pamipata watersheds munharaunda, ivo ne masango, miti iyo rakateurwa mashizha panguva yakaoma kana mapani. It nharo kuti wakareba dzinopisa nemapani akatanga kuumba nokuda mabasa evanhu, sezvo varukutika mumwaka zvinomera zvose.

Munzvimbo ine pfupi nyoro mwaka uswa pabutiro hunowedzera sparse uye kukakanganiswa. Of muti mhando mudunhu, pane siyana omuakasia ane sandarara korona. nzvimbo idzi dzinonzi yakaoma kana zvemo nemapani. In kumatunhu ane refu yokunaya wokukura mudenhere rayo pamusoro yeminzwa nemiti uye mikukutu uswa. arrays yakadaro inonzi miriwo murenje nemapani, zvinoumba diki ubvise iri kuchamhembe hemisphere.

World African nemapani chinopiwa nemhuka yakadai: mbizi, twiza, antelopes, zvipembere, nzou, ingwe, mapere, shumba uye nevamwe.

Savannah Australia

Tinoenda dingindira yedu "chii savanna uye yavachapira" takatamira kuAustralia. Pano, nzvimbo iyi dzinongoitika ndiko kunonyanya kuchamhembe 20 madhigirii kumaodzanyemba Latitude. Kumabvazuva wakaiswa chairwo african savana (uye naivowo kugara pachitsuwa kumaodzanyemba New Guinea). Munguva nyoro mwaka, nharaunda chakafukidzwa rine maruva miti: yacho Orchid mhuri, buttercup, seruva uye zviyo siyana. Mamirire miti - nemiakasia, Eucalyptus, casuarinas. Dzinowanzotaurwa miti pamwe makobvu hunde dzacho, apo akazviunganidzira nerubatsiro unyoro. Ivo, kunyanya, anouya anonzi miti bhodhoro. Ndicho kuvapo nemamwe zvirimwa izvi zvinoita mapani Australia zvishoma zvakasiyana savanna, kuti dziri pane zvimwe mumakondinendi.

mapazi ichi unobatanidzwa pamwe sparse masango, ayo anomiririrwa siyana mhando Eucalyptus. Eucalyptus AZHUTHA nenzvimbo yakakura chikamu kuchamhembe kwemhenderekedzo munyika uye rakawanda Cape York chitsuwa. In Australia savanna unogona kuwana marsupials zhinji, nemakonzo: nhuta, wombat, anteater. Pamakwenzi inogarwa nyoka. Munzvimbo idzi, unogona kuona imwe emu, akasiyana-siyana madzvinyu uye nenyoka.

Basa savanna murume

Pashure takazoziva muudzame zvinodzidziswa savanna uye apo ivo, zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti izvi dzakadaro zvinoita basa rinokosha vanhu. nharaunda ava vakura nzungu, zviyo, jute, donje, shuga runzimbe. In akaoma dzine pachinzvimbo yakatanga mhuka minda. Uyewo kucherechedza kuti mamwe marudzi miti inomera munzvimbo vanoonekwa kuti zvinokosha chaizvo (semuenzaniso, Teak).

Pasinei rokumusoro mutengo, munhu, zvinosuwisa, anoramba zvakanyatsorongwa kuparadza savanna. Somuenzaniso, muna South America pamusana uchipfuta minda vakauraya miti yakawanda. nzvimbo yakakura savanna nguva nenguva kukagadziriswa kubva musango. Munguva ichangopfuura, muAustralia emombe kumafuro pagore paachabvisa anenge 4,800 mativi mamita. ? km dondo. Zvino zvinhu izvi zviri akarembedzwa. Tigume mararamiro ari savanna vari Zvigwenzi nemiti yakawanda (Nile nemiakasia, landata svodchaya, peya, etc.).

Climate kuchinja kukonzera kuchinja mashandiro uye nemamiriro savanna. Somugumisiro kwepasi kutambudzika Woody miti. Ndinoda kutenda kuti vanhu vachiri kutanga munguva pfupi iri kutevera kuti kudzivirira zvisikwa.