Chikakananda - chii ichi? Mugumisiro yefodya iri muviri

Kusvuta munguva yedu rava dambudziko guru. Munhu wose anoziva kuti kunokuvadza, asi vakawanda kuramba fodya. Chikakananda iri fodya kunyange ane tigume muviri mishonga diki. Chinetso ndechokuti vanhu anonzwisisa zvakaita chikakananda uye sei zvinokanganisawo utano hwevanhu. Ngatitaurei kukurira nyaya iyi!

General unhu

Saka Chikakananda - chiri alkaloid kuti inowanikwa miriwo nightshade mhuri. Mukuru kwazvo nefuma iri kuchengetwa fodya, asi kuchine 66 tsika dzine kuti muduku pamwero. In duku kwazvo yefodya vari kunyange miriwo yakadai madomasi, bhero pepper, mbatatisi uye eggplant.

In yakaoma fodya chikakananda Ingasiyana kubva 0.3 kusvika 5% uremu. biosynthesis Its kumbowanikwa midzi, uye kuwanda - mune mashizha. Chikakananda - iri Hauoneki jikichira zvokunwa hunhu. It mamota panguva tembiricha kuti 247,6 ° C uye nokukurumidza anodzima pamusoro kuonana mhepo. Pamusangano tembiricha kuti 60-210 ° C chikakananda ubatanidzwewo soluble mumvura. A tembiricha pazasi 60 kana kupfuura 210 ° C nayo mixes zvakanaka nemvura.

The zita "Chikakananda" akazviratidza pashure Jean Nikota, uyo aiva mumiririri French kune Portuguese dare. Muna 1560 akanga ari mushonga migraine akatuma Queen Ekaterine Medichi zvishoma fodya. Kuwedzera kutemwa nemusoro, vanobatana rheumatism, asima, ndichinzwa zino uye maronda.

Chikakananda uye vanhu

Kubvira kare kare, vanhu vanosvuta. Nhoroondo World fodya anopfuura makore ane chiuru. MuRussia, Somuenzaniso, fodya akazviratidza chete pasi Ivan anotyisa. Active Zvinotambudza nechikakananda muropa haana kutanga kusvikira pakuguma rokupedzisira remakore. Asi rwara mararamiro akahwina, achitora vanhu vakawanda. A hondo huru pakati vanosvuta zvinobatsira makambani fodya. Uye kunyange nezvinhu zvose matanho akatorwa mu masangano utano, munyika dzakawanda, fodya ndicho oornag zvinodhaka.

Kushandiswa yefodya

Chikakananda kushandiswa munzira nhatu: kusvuta, kutsenga fodya uye inhalation. The fuma ane zvinhu nokukurumidza woga kuburikidza mucous membranes mumuromo, zvokudya chiteshi uye nemapapu. Uyezve, chikakananda kupinda muviri kubudikidza ganda, kunyange undamaged. Kamwe mumuviri, imwe pfuma kuti anopararira nokukurumidza neropa. 7 masekonzi pashure inhalation kuti utsi hwefodya, rikawira kuuropi. Chikakananda anoenda pamwero kubva mumuviri kwemaawa dzinenge mbiri. Kazhinji, chete chiduku inorwara yefodya iri mashizha fodya iri inhaled panguva kusvuta. Chokwadi chokuti vazhinji zvinhu kuparadzwa. Number uturu adsorbed panguva fodya kunoenderana worudzii fodya uye mudzanga Sefa kuti Kuwanikwa. Kana kutsenga kana snuffing fodya pane muviri chaiwo anowana zvakawanda chikakananda.

migumisiro

Kamwe anwa, nefuma kunokanganisa acetylcholine receptors. In yakaderera kuwanda, zvaanopa simba racho Kanotokonya basa. Izvi zvinotungamirira nokuwedzera kemikari adrenaline muropa. Adrenaline Inowedzera mwoyo urove, BP kunowedzera, anowedzera mwero kufema uye anowedzera ropa shuga yomuropa.

On mubvunzo kana nechikakananda zvinokuvadza, mhinduro iri nyore: Zvechokwadi, kunokuvadza. Kunyange mazuva ano kashoma kuti mumwe munhu kuti nechokwadi nazvo. Kazhinji, kuti Chikakananda - ariko muchetura. Iye zvikuru vose nechepakati uye peripheral tsinga zvakasimba. fuma Zvikurukuru simba chiito autonomic tsinga ganglion. Panyaya iyi, ndeye mukirasi anonzi ganglinarnyh chepfu. mishonga huru yefodya kupinda muviri, inoodza mwoyo uye remadza tsinga, uyewo vanorega kufema, izvo nokukurumidza kunounza mwoyo kutadza. Inouraya dose munhu ari Paavhareji 0.5-1 MG / makirogiramu.

Pasinei simba toxicity mune mishonga duku, chikakananda anoita somunhu rinodhaka. It pfungwa dzako nenzira dzakasiyana kuti vanhu vakasiyana. Kukonzera kusunungurwa adrenaline uye shuga, uturu kunokonzera excitation yose muviri. Kubva kuzviitira nemaonero, kunoita pfungwa yokuzorora, runyararo uye zvishoma yokufara mamiriro. Nokuti vamwe vanosvuta, vasanyanye kudya uye kuwedzera pamwero metabolic, izvo zvingaita uremu.

Mukushandisa chikakananda kazhinji, munhu anova mumuviri uye mupfungwa novimba payo uye dzose nguva yasvika kwaari. Chikakananda pamwe kushandiswa kwenguva refu hunokonzera pokumuka matambudziko akadai madzerere, kurasikirwa mudumbu uye ura, BP, hyperglycemia, tachycardia, atherosclerosis, arrhythmia, nechirwere chemwoyo, angina, myocardial infarction uye mwoyo nokukundikana. Pamwe chete Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti chikakananda kungawedzera kukura kenza yemapapu. Uye vanhu vaya vanga kusvuta kwemakore akawanda, vanotyisidzira kusabetsera.

Zvazvinoita nezviratidzo kushandiswa

Yokutanga nzira nechikakananda kukonzera svoto uye kurutsa. Kana ukaramba kusvuta, achaita kutora, uye hunenge izvi zvapfuura. A zvishomanana kugadzikana yose muviri. Kazhinji, pane kutandara pamusoro skeletal tsandanyama uye tremor. Ari uchisvuta ipfupi maitiro nguva, asi kunonatsiridza kutarisirwa uye simba rokuyeuka. Mukuwedzera, aramu haazombotaurwi uye havi Zvinoipisisa nokusvuta. Zvisinei, zviitiko zvakanaka vari kukurumidza yatsiviwa zvakashandurwa, kana wevasungwa munhu fuma mumuviri kunoderedza.

Chikakananda chepfu inoratidzwa zviratidzo: svoto uye kurutsa, abdominal marwadzo, drooling, vakawedzera kwemwoyo uye kufamba kweropa, kuvhiringidzika, ungaderedza simba, mukuru utera.

Chikakananda nomuchetura hariwanikwi. Kazhinji, vana muchetura vanoedza kusvuta nayo sekuda vakuru. Help kana nomuchetura iri nyore: kuzarura yakachena mhepo, kudzivirira kufema turakiti kubva vomitus, ugeze chiso chako nemvura inotonhora. Kana nomuchetura kunetseka pamusoro yemweya uye kudzivirira kuruma rurimi.

External zviratidzo kusvuta - munhuwi fodya pamuromo wake uye pamusoro maoko uye minwe yellowed ne firita.

The inosuruvarisa nhamba

Unorema pamusoro vanosvuta chokwadi kuti fodya utsi zvakaipa muviri, nharo kuti avo ezvinhu asingadi kuderera kana vanonzi kusvuta. Zvisinei, nhamba pamusoro kunonyatsopupurira kunoratidza zvakasiyana. Ose 10 masekonzi munyika imwe munhu anofa kusvuta. To musi, sezvinoratidzwa Nhamba mugore fodya inouraya vanenge mamiriyoni matatu vanhu munyika yose. Mune ramangwana, maererano Zvaifungidzirwa zvose, nhamba iyi kuchawedzera kusvika mamiriyoni 10. Kune vatsoropodzi vanoti, tichienzanisa yose vanhu pasi (anenge mabhiriyoni 6), 10 miriyoni - chiduku nhamba. Asi nokuda vanosvuta, chimwe nechimwe njodzi kuwira mamiriyoni 10 izvi, ichi chinhu chinokosha panjodzi. Kana muitiro uyu kukapfuurira, zvichaita pakupedzisira kuparadza fodya vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 500 vari vapenyu nhasi. Uye yatova 9% vemo nyika. Kubvira muna 1950, fodya auraya vanhu mamiriyoni 62 - kupfuura vakaurayiwa panguva Second World War. Zvinonzi kwakaratidza kuti fodya iri 6% kufa zvose, uye vanenge 3% zvirwere zvose. Uyezve, zvinosuruvarisa nhamba richikura ose zuva, uye 2020 iri projected kuti 12% kufa yose.

Apo kushandiswa yefodya

Chikakananda - ane neurotoxin simba chaizvo kuti ane zvaparadza nezvipembenene. Saka, asati ari kushingaira kushandiswa zvipembenene. Nhasi, pamwe chete magumo kushandiswa chikakananda rinobva, akadai Imidacloprid, Imidacloprid. The American Heart Association akagumisa kuti ukama pakati nokusvuta nhasi anogona kunzi chimwe chezvinhu matambudziko, sezvo hazvisi nyore kubvisa. Handizive kuti vanhu vafunge pamusoro tumbuyu, pashure kudzidza kuti vanhu nokuzvidira upise chete muchetura, zvavakanga kutyisidzirwa?

Kushandiswa yefodya

All munharaunda vezvesayenzi, pasina chaakasiya vanoti chikakananda - iri zvinokachidza ngozi uye zvinodhaka. Kunyange zvakadaro, hazvina chakavanzika vazhinji chirimwa alkaloids, kusanganisira zvinodhaka kushandiswa mishonga. Saka, pamwe pane nechikakananda kushandiswa?

Today yakabudisa siyana nzira yakagadzirirwa yokutsiva midzanga uye somugumisiro kurega chikakananda zvachose. Pakati pavo vane makwapa akasvibirika, chingamu uye zvichingodaro. nzira izvi zvinosanganisira chete chikakananda sezvo fodya, asi muna zviduku nhamba. In dzinoverengeka rinoti vari kushanda parwendo kushandisa alkaloid ichi senzira nokuda kurapwa uye kudzivirira zvirwere zvakadai nzeve dhefisiti nyonganyonga, chirwere cheAlzheimer, herpes zoster, Parkinson nehosha uye maronda bowel chirwere. Naizvozvo zvinoita kuti munguva yemberi iri pedyo nechikakananda achava chingangomubetserawo. Pashure pezvose, sezvo shoko rinobuda, zvose zviri chepfu nemishonga, uye dose ndiye kutituma.

zvemagetsi midzanga

Zvino zvakava mufashoni ive pane kusvuta kushandisa inonzi zvemagetsi midzanga. Dzinomirira mumwe inhaler duku sezvamakaropafadzwa nechikakananda mvura iri neshungu uye vaporized. Chinangwa midzanga akadaro rinoumbwa, chokutanga, pane kushandisa ndakanatswa chikakananda (mu mvura rakasanganiswa chimiro), uye, chepiri mune zvishoma nezvishoma kusvuta kumbomira. Liquid mudzanga anogona kuitwa pamba, inoitwa zvinhu zvakawanda, rimwe riri vanonzi chikakananda "kurukiswa" - kuramba mhinduro yacho fuma. Hazvina zvakavhenganiswa uhwiro uye nemvura. Muchetura wevasungwa inogona zvakasiyana ne uchisvuta uye anogona kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma kuti mvura kuti fodya pasina chikakananda.

Vazhinji muchakumbira: "Chii chipfungaire?" Chokwadi kuti kusvuta - haisi hakunei nechikakananda, asi tsika pachako pamwe chinhu rwugare. Naizvozvo, avo vasingakwanisi kukandira zvinhu izvi kuitira unogona kuzviita zvishoma nezvishoma, chikatsiviwa nyore zvemagetsi mudzanga.

mhedziso

Saka, takaona kamwe zvakare kuti kusvuta kunokonzera irreparable kukuvadza. Asi kuwedzera nechikakananda mu midzanga kune zvizhinji zvinokuvadza. Naizvozvo zviri nani kuti kudzidza kuzvifadza uye zvimwe zvinhu kuvimba chinhu inofadza zvikuru, zvakadai sorudo, sezvo rwiyo "Aimbova chikakananda." Tinokuropafadzai utano hwakanaka!