The World Health Organization (WHO): nemirau, zvinangwa, mitemo, vanorumbidza

Evanhu vemazuva ano, mumwe mukuru tsika ndihwo upenyu hwevanhu. Kuvandudza uye nguva yose nechinangwa vakawanda mabasa anotsigira vatongi zvinenge zvose kunyika zvenyika. Kutungamirira zviito zvavo uye nokuita mamwe mabasa akawanda mune Kuchengetedzwa uye uvandudze utano, World Health Organization rakavambwa (WHO), izvo pari imwe vanoremekedzwa zvikuru uye vane masangano munyika.

Kuvamba mabasa uye chinangwa WHO

Basa rake rakatanga muna 1948. Yakanga, musi waApril 7, rakachengetedzwa chagamuchirwa nenyika mutemo kutora rokutanga musengwa, zvikurukuru Somuenzaniso, kukura yemarudzi kupatsanura zvirwere. Mune ramangwana, iyo WHO uye zvakawanda akatanga kutora basa nokuda Implementation makuru-pamwero zvirongwa pose. Somumwe anokosha nokubudirira zvinogona kucherechedzwa musi chibhokisi yokupedza rutsigiro, izvo vakabudirira rakapera muna 1981. Spheres of simba, mabasa uye mashandiro anoita sangano anotsanangurwa nomunyori Charter uye kuita kuti chinangwa chete - kuti vabudirire-soro woutano kuti kunobvira pasi apa ezvinhu, nokuti vanhu vose venyika.

WHO zvekutevedzera

Constitution of World Health Organization rinorondedzera utano sezvo ezvinhu zvakanaka kuva nemaonero enyama, pfungwa uye zvinzvimbo. Uye vachiravana anotsanangura kuti kana munhu asina chirwere kana undonda, ndechokuti utano, zvakare mangwanani kutaura, nekuti haimuoni kufungawo mamiriro pfungwa zvakanyatsoenzana uye magariro zvinhu. WHO Member nyika, kubudikidza kusaina Gwaro, anobvumirana yokuti munhu wose ane kodzero kunakirwa soro panotirwadza mwero utano, uye chero hurumende kubudirira mune utano kunokosha kune zvose. Uyezve, pane dzimwe nheyo, idzo uyewo dzinokosha, uye vanoomerera vose vakatora bumbiro. Heano mamwe acho.

• General utano - chinhu chinokosha rugare uye kuchengeteka, uye zvinoenderana mwero pamwe vanhu uye States.
• The unevenness kuti pave paruzhinji utano uye kudzora chirwere vanowanzochema ngozi munyika dzakasiyana-siyana munyika.
• Child Health - raishandiswa rinokosha.
• Kupa mukana kunakidzwa vose nebudiriro mushonga ano - chinhu chinodiwa kuti munhu yepamusoro woutano.

WHO mabasa

Kuti awane chinangwa, mutemo waiti mashandiro anoita sangano, ndiro rakakura chaizvo uye zvakasiyana-siyana. Nokuti izvo ndivo World Health Organization vakashandisa ose earufabheti Latin. Sezvo vakawanda vavo, ratinoparidza inokosha. Saka, mashandiro anoita WHO anosanganisira:

• kuti ave ekufambisa uye rinodzora basa renyika mumunda utano;
• kupa zvakakodzera rubatsiro uye hwokugadzira kubatsirwa utano mabasa;
• kurudzira uye mberi basa kuti tikurire zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, uyewo kutsigira Nokuraramisa kuti kungadiwa;
• kukurudzira shanduko chokurovedza nani mune zvokurapa uye utano ounyanzvi hwokugadzira;
• kumisa uye kukurudzira tsika dzakawanda zvokudya, mishonga nezvimwe zvinogadzirwa;
• kukurudzira rwaamai uye mwana utano, kutora matanho pamusoro harmonization upenyu.

Basa WHO

basa resangano rinoitwa muchimiro pagore World Health Assembly, umo vamiririri vanobva munyika dzakasiyana kukurukura kupfuura dzinokosha pasango paruzhinji utano. Rinotungamirirwa kwavo CEO vakasarudzwa nevarikutonga komiti, izvo zvinosanganisira vamiririri vakabva kunyika 30. Mashandiro ari Director General inosanganisira urongwa wegore bhajeti uye mishumo zvemari dzesangano. Ane simba kuwana mashoko anodiwa chokuita noutano, zvakananga kubva kuhurumende uye masangano. Uyezve, iye vanosungirwa kuchengeta Regional mahofisi kuudzwa vose emunharaunda nyaya.

WHO nokupesana

WHO mamiriro unotora 6 Regional mapoka: European, American, Mediterranean, South-East Asia, yePacific uye Africa. Anenge nguva dzose, sarudzo dzinoitwa panguva remunharaunda chechetere. In autumn, pamusangano wegore negore, vamiririri venyika munzvimbo kukurukura kudzvanya matambudziko uye matambudziko munzvimbo dzavo, vachitora sarudzo zvakakodzera. Regional Director, uyo anoona basa panguva ino sandara, ndigowana 5 years. Sezvo CEO, ane simba zvakananga kuwana mashoko utano kubva siyana nemasangano mudunhu.

WHO Response

To musi, pane zvakawanda zvikuru kukosha zvataurwa basa iri kuteererwa World Health Organization. The Millennium Development Goals - saka unhu nhau dzavo siyana. Vanosanganisira mitambo inotevera:

• vanobatsira yokupedza uye kurapwa zvirwere zvakadai HIV uye TB;
• kubatsirwa mishandirapamwe zvainanga kuvandudza mamiriro kuvakadzi pamuviri uye vana;
• kuona zvinhu echirwere zvirwere uye kudzivirira yavo pakukura;
• kubatsira kuvandudza utano hwepfungwa;
• pamwe mabasa zvainanga kuvandudza utano kuyaruka.

Enderana uye kuramba basa sangano munzvimbo idzi zvawave kwenguva refu, uye, chokwadi, pane kubudirira. Asi kutaura kwavo kubudirira kupera kusvikira mangwanani.

WHO kubudirira

Pakati NDIANI kuzivikanwa kubudirira zvinogona pachena:

• yokupedza nayo chibhokisi munyika;
• chinokosha zvinoderedza kuitika nemarariya;
• majekiseni okudzivirira pamusoro nhanhatu zvirwere;
• kuziva HIV uye kurwisa kuwanda kwayo;
• kusikwa chikuru zvoutano mabasa.

ICD

Chiitwa chinokosha pamusoro NDIANI kukura uye kuvandudzika reInternational kupatsanura pakati Diseases (ICD). It chinodiwa kuti kukwanisa kuunganidza, kuronga uye enzanisa mashoko inounganidzwa kubva kumatunhu akasiyana kwenguva refu. Kubvira 1948, World Health Organization anoramba uye anovatsigira basa iri. Panguva iyoyo, pane 10 fung amboshandurirwa ICD. Chimwe chikuru nebudiriro dzokororo iri kushandura chirwere mazita ari alphanumeric chimiro. Zvino maperembudzi encoded netsamba rechiLatin arufabheti uye zvitatu digits pashure pacho. Izvi akatendera yakawedzera zvikuru Coding marongerwo uye kuchengetera vakasununguka nzvimbo zvirwere zvisingazivikanwi etiology uye mamiriro kuzivikanwa muna tsvakurudzo. Current WHO kupatsanura rinoshandiswa nenzira forensic chepfungwa bvunzo, sezvo zvakakosha kuti Russian Federation.

Statistics nemirayiro

Chinokosha pamusoro dzichipfekeka sangano rimwe Statistical kuongorora mamiriro utano chavagari uye vaigadzirira nokuda izvi zvinodiwa zvabuda kuti kuona zvinhu zvoupenyu vanhu pasi rose. Nokuti comparability uye rakavimbika humboo ivo dzikarongwa Somuenzaniso, nokuchembera, pabonde uye nedunhu dzokugara, uye ipapo kurapwa pachishandiswa nzira chaiyo yakataurwa pamusoro OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development), Eurostat nemamwe miviri UN, kusanganisira WHO. Kutsunga ndozvakajairwa kwakavakirwa ayo Statistical kugutsikana, zvino pane zvakawanda tsika mukati iyo ruzhinji Data yakananga kuti imwe boka revanhu. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti chinangwa kuongorora mamiriro utano chavagari uye zvisarudzo zvakakodzera.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti WHO iripo nguva kudzokororwa mune chiedza ezvinhu matsva kana zvikanganiso zviri mufambiro kutsvakurudza. Saka, 9 adarika vakanga yakadzokororwa tafura pakati dzemunharaunda kurema uye kukura mwana.

Weight uye kureba mwana

Kusvikira 2006, kukura vana mashoko dzakatorwa pasina Panyaya mhando dzichifura. Zvisinei, nzira iyi yave kuzivikanwa sezvo yakakanganiswa sezvo chakagadzirwa kunovaka muviri kukanganisa zvikuru nemigumisiro. Zvino, maererano idzva WHO zvinodiwa, kukura uye kurema mwana ari tichienzanisa bhuku parameters vana vari breastfed izvozvo, sezvo iri nyaya rinopa hwakanakisisa zvokudya. Special pamatafura nemachati kubatsira madzimai yose kurondedzera vaita kuti nokurondedzerwa. The pamutemo Website the World Health Organization akaisa WHO Anthro software, Download kuti, unogona kunyatsoongorora uremu hwomwana uye kukwirira uyewo, kuongorora simba rayo hweHIV. Kutsauka kubva mureza tsika - ndiwo mukana kubvunza chiremba wako.

Chinetso ndichengetedze achiyamwa iri akabhadhara yakawanda achiteerera. WHO ndicho kutsikisa mabasa anosanganisira kwegadziriro mabhurocha, mapepa nezvimwewo, izvo kutsigira mitemo dzinongoitika mwana zvokudya. Akadhindwa zvinhu zvinoshandiswa muzvipatara uye kubatsira vanaamai vechiduku kuti breastfeed kwenguva refu, nokudaro kupa yakarurama uye rinopindirana zvikuru kukura mwana.

Sangano achiyamwa

zvokudya Good havagoni kuva mwana pasina mukaka waamai. Naizvozvo, vanamai vanobatsira mune zvakakodzera sangano inosimbisa - chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha mabasa ose WHO. Zvinotarisirwa kuti masangano achiyamwa, vanofanira:

• kokutanga akaisa mwana kuti chityu chinofanira kuva mukati kweawa pashure pokuberekwa;
• kwete zvokudya achangoberekwa bhodhoro;
• muchipatara naamai uye mwana vanofanira kuva pamwe chete;
• kureva zamu iri kudiwa;
• kwete kuparadzaniswa pazamu mwana asati anoda pachake;
• kuchengetedza Feeds usiku;
• kwete dopaivat;
• kupa mukana zvizere nezvachaireva zamu pamberi achipa mumwe;
• havashambi minyatso yako pamberi richifudzwa
• kwete nokuyera kanopfuura kamwe pavhiki;
• kwete decant;
• kwete kusuma zvokudya zvikukutu pamberi 6 mwedzi;
• kuramba pamukaka kusvika 2 years.

nomumwe mitemo

Kana kuti zvimwe chikonzero haungagoni simbisai achiyamwa, zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti vana mupudzi kuwana uremu iri zvishoma kupfuura grudnichki. Naizvozvo, achienzanisa kuita mitemo mashoko ako, unofanira kufunga nuance ichi.

Uyezve, pane dzimwe nhaka parameters kuti murege vandifarire mureza mufananidzo. Somuenzaniso, panguva yokuberekwa kukura. Ungangove, neyamapani wevabereki mwana anozvarwa aine zvakare pasi azvipire kukura, nepo yakakwirira - nekusiyana, pamwe inflated. A zvishomanana yakatsauka kubva ndozvakajairwa hakufaniri kuva chikonzero chokunetseka, muchiitiko ichi, chete vanoda zvakawanda kubvunza chiremba.

The World Health Organization anotenda kuti genetics haana zvikuru kukanganisa tsika vana pasi gore rimwe. The chikuru chinokonzera uremu kutsauka kuri kunyanyisa zvokudya.