Chirungu mavhawero: nhoroondo arufabheti uye nemitemo kuverenga

For Chirungu mutauro vadzidzi zvakaoma zvikuru kugona kuverenga, sezvo mavhawero mumutauro Chirungu zvisina iziviswe sezvakanga zvakanyorwa. Nokuti kuverenga akarurama inofanira kutevedzera transcription. Zvinoratidza kuti kuverenga mavhawero mu Chirungu.

History of Chirungu arufabheti

Maererano pamutemo shanduro, Chirungu arufabheti kwemakore 500 vakura pane Russian. Wozoita madzitateguru ano British kushandiswa Runic manyorero echiKristu. Muzana IX remakore, Anglo-Saxons Pamutemo kushandisa Old Chirungu Latin manyorero, rwaiumbwa yetsamba 20, 2 fleeces uye 2 dzakachinjwa graphite Latin.

Kusvikira XI remakore paiva kuedza kuronga Chirungu arufabheti, asi havana kubudirira, nokuti Saxons, pamwe tsamba itsva anoshandiswa uye kare - Runic.

Nhasi Chirungu arufabheti rine 26 kutaurwa:

• mavhawero Chirungu - 5 tsamba;
• emakonzonendi Chirungu - 21 tsamba.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mavara Y uye R zvinomira, nekuti, zvichienderana nezvenzvimbo shoko rinogona kureva zvose nzvanyira uye mumwe nzvanyira.

Seiko vachifanira kuziva Chirungu arufabheti?

Knowledge haisi kunyora chete, asiwo ezita tsamba - chinhu ezvinhu zvinokosha mutauro Chirungu vadzidzi. Sei? Chokwadi chokuti chiperengo uye ezita Chirungu Mashoko hazvisi kufanana chinyorwa yavo haisi pasi chero mitemo. Naizvozvo, zvinobudisa kazhinji kuita inonzi Spelling (kubva chitsinga kweshoko) - kuperetera. Izvi kusiyana mutauro Chirungu nyore kunzwisiswa kunyora mazita Smith (Smith), uyo, kuwedzera kune akakurumbira kunyora, Pangava izvi:

• Smithe;
• Smythe;
• smyth,
• Psmith.

Pronunciation ose mazita chete.

Chiperengo unyanzvi zvinodiwa nevanhu vose vanotaura Chirungu vanhu, saka kubva chesekondari rinotanga paumbwe kukwanisa kukurumidza kuzodana shoko. Somuenzaniso, mune jogirafi mudzidzisi pasina zvikumbiro kubva vadzidzi kunoda chitsva kwavari mazita nenzvimbo. Saizvozvowo, izvozvo vakapiwa mumwe mudzidzisi, kana chidzidzo kundosangana zvakaoma kana vadzidzi ausingazivi shoko.

Naizvozvo, kudzidza mutauro wacho Chirungu anofanira kupiwa zvakafanira nezvezvipfeko Spelling unyanzvi umo pasina zivo arufabheti kuita.

Madudzirwo mavhawero mumutauro Chirungu?

mavhawero Chirungu, zvichienderana nezvenzvimbo shoko, anogona kuva pfupi uye refu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti munhu pfupi, nyore anotaurwa uye Russian mavhawero zvakafanana, apo yokupedzisira vanofanira kutaura yakareba, akapotsa nziyo kana kudzokorora sokunge unofanira kudzidza kupi kuisa kumikidzo. Madudzirwo kunokosha chaizvo kutevera mutemo uyu, sezvo zvinokanganisawo zvinoreva shoko. Somuenzaniso, shoko chikepe (chikepe) kuridza [uye] anotaurwa sezvo shoko "the willow". Shoko Makwai (makwai) phoneme [uye] anotaurwa drawl, sokunge zvakakodzera kuisa kumikidzo.

mavhawero Chirungu akakamurwa:

• pfupi nzvanyira rinonzwika - mai (mai, mai), mepu (a mepu), penzura (penzura), mukombe (mukombe), poto (poto).
• mavhawero refu - baba (baba, baba), nokukurumidza (nokukurumidza, nokukurumidza), mambakwedza (zuva), nyuchi (nyuchi).
• diphthongs - 2 nzvanyira tsamba Chirungu zviri iziviswe sezvo rimwe phoneme - fuel (mafuta), vachandipfugamira (uta), nguvo (jasi), yakanaka (zvakanaka).

Chii mitemo anoverengwa mavhawero?

mavhawero Chirungu, mukusiyana kune nemavara, inozviisa dzakasiyana-siyana pakuverenga mitemo:

• mitemo akazarurwa uye namahwindo mabhii (ZS uye Os);
• nzvanyira + R;
• nzvanyira + R + nzvanyira;
• mubatanidzwa mavhawero kumikidzo.

Achiziva mitemo iyi, unogona kutanga unyanzvi kuverenga anenge kukanganisa isina transcription pasina ruzivo. Funga mitemo kuverenga 5 mavhawero uye tsamba Y mienzaniso mashoko kuchinjwa ari transcription tsamba Russian.

Zarura - a mabhii unoguma ari nzvanyira, kunyange kana zviri akanyarara. Mbeveve mumutauro Chirungu anonzi tsamba E, iyo pakupera shoko haagoni kuverengwa. Panyaya iyi, iyo nzvanyira anotaurwa sezvazvakanyorwa kunzi mune arufabheti. Closed - mabhii unoguma mune nzvanyira.

• chitsamba ([nout]) - kuona;
• mhino ([Nouza]) - yepamhino;
• mupunga ([mupunga]) - mupunga;
• mhando ([taip]) - anodhinda;
• vainyara ([Shay]) - stestnitelny, mwero;
• iye ([Chi]) - mumwe;
• zita ([Neum]) - iri zita;
• chete ([seym]) - imwe;
• pfumbamwe ([Nine]) - mapfumbamwe;
• they fume ([Fiume]) - noutsi;
• chivharo ([Cep]) - chivharo;
• chinyoreso ([Pan]) - Bata;
• Mugove ([Roti]) - zvizhinji;
• gara ([nomusero]) - agare vagare;
• yangu ([May]) - My, yangu, yangu;
• nati ([tensioned]) - nut.

Nzvanyira + R - nzvanyira iziviswe drawling.

• kadhi ([kha: D]) - Card;
• forogo ([pho: K]) - chivhariso;
• dzokai ([To: N]) - Iyewo, tenderera;
• musikana ([gö: l]) - Girl, mukadzi;
• Byrd ([KUITWA: D]) - zita Chirungu.

Nzvanyira + R + nzvanyira - tsamba R haina kutaurwa, asi mavhawero vari kutaurwa pamwe chete inzwi.

• kashoma ([ReA]) - zvisingawanzoitiki;
• wakachena ([pyue]) - yakaisvonaka;
• pano ([Hie]) - pano;
• moto ([Faye]) - moto;
• chitoro ([zana:]) - muchitoro;
• tai ([taye]) - bhazi.

A yoga boka chinosanganisira nzvanyira tsamba Chirungu kuti vanouya vaviri vaviri uye vanonzi diphthongs. Diphthongs mienzaniso pamufananidzo pazasi.

Munyaya ino isu akatarira dzinokosha nemitemo sei kuverenga mavhawero mu Chirungu. Chinhu chikuru kudzidza mutauro - tsika, uye kuti vadzidze kuverenga zvakanaka Chirungu, unofanira ose zuva kuteerera kutanga kuverenga uye Spelling.