Chocolate Tree: Photo uye tsananguro. Apo chokoreti muti inokura?

The nzvimbo yechizvarirwo chocolate muti aiziva nyika Central uye South America. Zvino mbizi Cocoa (chokoreti muti), kuva nemhuri sterculioideae anenge haagoni kuwanikwa. Chirimwa yave dzaichengetwa kubva kukura nyika South American nokuda vokuSpain. Zvinonzi kurimwa rabha.

Nhamunda - yekare Greek zita muti, rinoreva "zvokudya vanamwari." Chaizvoizvo anorarama zita raro. Treats vakawana kubva cocoa vane naMwari kuravira. Chocolate, Ngazvive rinopisa zvinobata, dzakaoma usina kukonekita, zvihwitsi, mushonga wemazino kana ruomba, ari kugara kunomufadza wose.

Cocoa achikura nharaunda

Munzvimbo kuwedzera chokoreti muti, hunodzorwa inokosha okunze. Zvikurukuru, ndiyo inoropafadzwa munzvimbo dzinopisa, achitambanudza mhiri America, Africa uye Oceania. African inoti - huru bhizimisi pamusoro cocoa. Ivo kupa mumusika nyika 70% kuti chigadzirwa ichi.

Kuzivikanwa sezvo kupfuura Mupi Ghana. In nyika guru - Accra - nayo akavaka kupfuura African musika apo ikatengesa cocoa. Vintage chokoreti bhinzi pamusoro Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) rinosvika 30% of nhamba anogadzirwa munyika. Indonesia zvakare vaiona rakakura musika mutambi.

zvibereko zvakawanda kumorwa kubva chokoreti miti Bali, uko mubatanidzwa gomo ekunze uye rakaorera kuputika ivhu yakanaka nezvokukura koko. Zvigayo koko mbeu kubva Nigeria, Brazil, Cameroon, Ecuador, Dominican Republic, Malaysia uye Colombia.

Cocoa kukura mamiriro

Zvakaoma kuwana muti whimsical pane koko. Zvinoda Mamiriro ezvinhu muupenyu. Kudziridza uye zvibereko musikana incredible - chocolate muti - vanokwanisa chete multi-storey Tropical masango. Chirimwa yogara yepazasi weDanho yomudondo. Pane regai inonyangarika mumvuri uye unyoro netembiricha ezvinhu ari kuchengetwa zvese kubvira + 24 kusvikira +28 ⁰ C.

It anoda misha pamwe yakaorera, friable, rakagumbatirwa mashizha akawa nevhu apo tisanzwa inonaya uye hapana mhepo. Izvi zvinhu kukura vanokwanisa rakasikwa nedenga, riri kuumbwa mune multi-storey anogara achinaya mvura.

Somuenzaniso, muna reAmazon pakatanga mwaka wemvura, kana mutero murwizi, vachisiya nhivi dzarwo, mudzoke kunyika kusingaperi nebani mudziva udzamu meter, muti pemavhiki dzakawanda zvemadhenari chokoreti iri rinenge mumvura. Zvisinei, mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zvinomera regai richaora, uye Ukuwo, kuramba kukura.

Kukura chokoreti muti rabha

Whimsical Chocolate muti vachirayira pamusoro tembiricha ezvinhu. Harisi kukwanisa kutanga apo tembiricha rukasafashukira pamusoro 21 ⁰ C. The optimum tembiricha kuti kukura anoonekwa kuti 40 ⁰ C. Panguva iyoyo kunokuvadza zvakananga chezuva.

Naizvozvo, kuti tive nechokwadi zvakakodzera kukura miti, vari vakasimwa yakavhenganiswa plantings. Cocoa kwazvo kunzwa pakati makotapeya, mabhanana, mango, womukokonati uye rabha miti. Whimsical miti, nyore pasi dzakasiyana-siyana zvirwere, zvinoda kuramba uye kungwarira yokuzvigadzirisa. Harvest kwavari kubviswa manually.

Description chokoreti muti

Avhareji kureba twasu-hunde muti waigara uri girini 6 mamita. Zvisinei, mune zvimwe zviitiko hazvina mari chinhu kukura kusvika 9 uye kunyange 15 mamita. Hunde dzacho zvinomera (30 masendimita kutenderera pamwe yellowish matanda) anofukidza black goko uye korona gobvu pahupamhi branching korona.

Miti anogona kurarama mumumvuri yecocoa, nemafashamo mvura, vane chihombe oblong-elliptical mashizha. Kukosha yose dzose mutete miti yakasvibira mashizha, pachigaro pfupi petioles vakafanana pakukura peji pepanhau. kureba yavo vanenge 40 masendimita uye wakafara makubhiti anenge 15 cm.

Nokuda kunosiya hofori miti chokoreti mafufu anobata chiedza, kwangopera zvinyoro kuburikidza akasvibirira zvinomera, takaberekwa tine zvikuru nokukwirira. Nokuti hofori mashizha kukura hakuna dzinoratidzwa nezvishoma (kwete mashizha anotumbuka mumwe pashure pomumwe). Iye vanowanzopedzisira vava sefungu. Shoko iroro vasare kufa pasi kwemavhiki mashoma kana kunyange mwedzi uye kukura kwete zvose, zvino pakarepo pane zvinoshamisa Kuwedzera kukura kwavo - vose ichiputswa zvishoma zvidimbu.

Fruiting kunoitika gore rose. Wokutanga maruva uye michero inotungamirwa pasika 5-6 hupenyu chirimwa gore. fruiting kumwedzi kunogara kwemakore 30-80. Fruiting muti chokoreti kaviri pagore. nokukohwa kukuru inozviberekera pashure pemakore 12 oupenyu.

Matanda vakaumba maruva pinkish-chena duku kuti nzira yavo nepagedhi goko anofukidza hunde dzacho matavi makuru. Pollinate maruva, exuding kunhuwa, utunga, inda. Brown uye muchero yero, rakafanana muchimiro duku oblong ribbed vise, yakarembera hunde dzacho. pamusoro kwavo mukati pamwe grooves gumi.

Mbeu muti chokoreti

Nokuti vakwegura vanofanira 4 months. Nokuda rakadaro refu ichiibvira miti yemichero dzose nguva, uye rakazara maruva, uye michero. Michero masendimita 30 refu, 5-20 masendimita ari dhayamita uye achirema 200-600 d pa 30-50 vakavanda cocoa. Beans akasungirirwa gobvu Rakaunyana goko yellow, tsvuku kana orenji zvenzwi. Jira rimwe nerimwe mbeu amygdala - 2-2.5 cm nohupamhi - 1.5 cm.

Longitudinal mitsara nebhinzi yakapoteredzwa manune sweetish pulp, izvo mapuroteni uye tsoko airemekedzwa kuti vaitire. Ivo muchayamwa mvura pulp, vachikandira zvinhu zvinokosha kune vanhu - bhinzi, kushandiswa senzvimbo mbishi mashoko kugadzirwa but uye chokoreti.

nekunhonga cacao

Sezvo chokoreti muti zvakakwirira chaizvo, nokuti kukohwa haana kungoshandisa nematemo uye mapanga, asi kuda refu padanda. Akapfura muchero racherwa 2-4 lobes. Beans, abudisa kubva pulp manually kupararira kuti kuomesa pamusoro mabhanana mashizha, akafukidza dzacho kana crates.

Kana kupwa mbeu but akawana zuva inonaka-inovava kuravidza pamwe cake manotsi kuti zvishoma zvinokosha. Naizvozvo, zvatinofarira rakapiwa bhinzi akavhara-akaomeswa. chinovira nguva kunotora 2 kusvika 9 mazuva. In muitiro kupwa mbeu kunodzikira.

kugadzira mbeu

Cocoa shava-dzepepuru noruvara vane buttery kuravidza uye pemhino. Mbeu arongwe, kucheneswa, vasunungurwa roasted uye parchment membranes, akapwanyika uye sieved kuburikidza nesefa kuwana yepamusoro Cocoa upfu.

Yematehwe Kamudzira inoshandiswa sezvo fetiraiza, uye madota anotora kuzombotaurazve kubudiswa fekitari chokoreti. Chocolate muti, kana panzvimbo yayo mbishi zvinhu yakawanikwa kubva mbeu - pechingoro wakakwana zvakasiyana-siyana zvinonaka.

Kubva zvakakanyiwa namafuta muvhuruvhuru ndichisveerera milled kuva gobvu gobvu yaunganidzwa kutonhora inorwadza chokoreti. Tichipfumisa kunoguma musanganiswa shuga, Vanilla, mukaka, uye dzimwe yokuvirisa kupa zvakasiyana chokoreti.

Kubva muchero rakagochwa pasi kudzvanya, kuti Cocoa ruomba akanga akagadzirira. Crumb vasara pashure kudzvanya ivhu kupinda Cocoa upfu. Saka, zviviri chigadzirwa rinopa vanhu mumwe chokoreti muti. Confectionery fekitari uye anoshandisa upfu uye ruomba, muchisunungura ose chokoreti Goodies. Mafuta, uyezve, iri zvinowanzoshandiswa kugadzirwa zvinonhuhwira uye zvizoro uye pharmacological nevamiririri.

zvakanakira koko

Cocoa haisi chinonaka vaitire, yava kurapa ehupfumi. sezvamunoita Its kwakavakirwa mapuroteni, faibha, matadza, alkaloids, theobromine, mafuta, starch uye pigments. Nokuda theobromine, ane tonic Tingatoti but rave inoshandiswa mukurapa. Zvinobudirira kudzvinyirira chirwere ari huro uye nemapapu.

Kurapa uye mishonga kugadzirirwa but kudzorera simba uye nyaradzo. Ivo normalize cardiac basa. Kushandiswa yavo kudzivirira myocardial infarction, sitiroko uye kenza. Cocoa ruomba kuporesa Mamota.