Chronological table yeTurgenev. Upenyu nebasa reIYO. Turgenev: chronological tafura

Zvakaitika zveTurgenev zvine ruzivo kune vatsvakurudzi, sezvo ichizadzwa nezviitiko zvinopenya uye zvakananga zvakananga nematambudziko akaoma eMelandland. Pamusana petare rakasimba remunyori, vaverengi munyika yose vakakwanisa kuzivana nemabasa anoshamisa uye asingakanganwiki akapinda munhoroondo dzezvakaitika kare. Kwemazana anenge zana nehafu takave tichionga uye tichidedera mabhuku aTurgenev anodikanwa uye tichidzidza kubva kwaari kukwanisa kunzwisisa nokunzwa kunaka kwenyika yedu yekuzvarwa, kuremekedza chiremera chevanhu nekukoshesa rusununguko sechipo chikuru.

Kushandisa nguva yezvinyorwa

Paunenge uchidzidza chero nguva yezvakaitika kare, zvikamu zvehumwe hupfumi kana basa remumiri wemhizha, muongorori anofanirwa kuongorongedza tafura yezvinyorwa. Tinotanga kudzidza Turgenev kwekutanga kokuchikoro, pane zvidzidzo zvekuverenga. Muchikoro chechipiri ndiyo nyaya inofadza yeGerasim uye Mumu, mugore rechitanhatu - nhau "Bezhin Meadow", uye gare gare - "Biryuk", "Asya", "Rudo Rwekutanga" uye "Nhetembo muProse".

Pane imwe nguva yakakura, tinosangana nemabasa ake makuru - inovhura, iyo yakaunza mukurumbira kumabhuku eRussia uye yakakunda rudo rwevaverengi vokune imwe nyika. Zvinonzwisisika, pane imwe nhanho, kudzidza zvinyorwa zvemunyori, takadzidza pamusoro pake zvitsva zvinobatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani basa romurume uyu anoshamisa. Nhoroondo yechronological chinyorwa cheTurgenev, icho chinotibvumira kushandura deta, kuratidzira nguva dzinonyanya kukosha uye kuratidza simba rekuvandudzwa kwezviitiko, zvinogona kupa rubatsiro rusingawanikwi.

Kutanga nemhemberero

Nhamba yezvakaitika panguva yeTurgenev, paanoshanda naye kuchikoro, inotanga nechinangwa chinokosha zvikuru muupenyu hwomunhu chero upi zvake-kubva panguva yekuzvarwa kwake. Ichi ndicho chivako chese ramangwana rose. Munyori akaberekerwa muguta rekare reRussia reOrel musi waOctober 28 (November 9) muna 1818. Ancestors pachinzvimbo chababa ndivo vaive vevanhu vekare, vanozivikanwa, vanokudzwa, avo vakamboita basa rinokosha munhoroondo yeRussia. Pamuviri mamai, madzitateguru akanga asina kusiyana kune vakadaro, asi vakanga vapfuma. Nhamba yezviitiko zveTurgenev inofanirwa kunge inosanganisira kureva dendere rerrimonial - Spasskoe-Lutovinovo, iro rakazova kune munyori mutsime werudo rukuru rweRussia uye kuvenga zvakasimba sevhavha.

Kubata uye kuyaruka

Diaries munyori akataura basa rinokosha pakuguma kwaIvan Sergeyevich amai vake Varvara Petrovna Lutovinova. Apo chinyorwa chezviitiko cheTurgenev chakanyorwa, zvinongoda chete kuti uchitaure muchidimbu nezvemukadzi uyu anoshamisa uye asinganzwisisiki. Mushure mokunge, vazhinji vemuitiro wavo uye kunyange zviitiko zvehupenyu zvakawanda zvakaratidzwa mumakumbo ezvinyorwa - mukadzi kubva kuMumu, Glafira Petrovna kubva kuNoble Nest, mbuya vePunin neBaburin. Unhu hwababa hwacho hwakasiyawo chiratidzo chisingaregi muhupenyu hwemunyori weramangwana. Nokudaro, Turgenev's chronological tafura inofanira kutaura muchidimbu nezvehukama hwakakomba pakati pavo, nokuti vakawanawo kufungidzira kweunyanzvi mune imwe yeruzivo rwemhando dzakanakisisa - "First Love".

Dzidzo uye matanho ekutanga mukugadzira

1827 izuva rinokosha, kutanga apo Turgenev's biography inoshamisa sei. Itafura yenguva yekufananidzira inofanira kuisanganisira iyo gore rino mhuri yemunyori inotamira kuMoscow. Uye mushure mehupenyu hunotaridzika muimba yevarume, nehupenyu hwahwo hwakagara hwakagadzikana, rutivi rwakapeterera rwevanhu vakavhara, dzidzo yepamusha, Ivan Sergeyevich anobatanidzwa mune hupenyu hutsva - mune rimwe guta guru, mune zvidzidzo zvevadzidzi, paanozodzidzira dzidzo yeunivhesiti.

1833 - kubvumirwa kuMoscow University, 1834 - kutumirwa kuSt. Petersburg pamutauro wemashoko weChikoro chePilosophy. Mumakore ayachete, mudzidzi wechidiki anotanga kuzviedza mumatetry nemutambo. Uye muongorori wekutanga ndiye PA Pletnev, shamwari yepedyo yePushkin. Mudzidzi weTurgenev biography anoenderera mberi (anonyora dhiabhorosi tafura) ari kure kune imwe nyika, muGermany, kwaanoenda muna 1838. Kwete kungofunga chete, asiwo kufananidzwa nematongerwe enyika eNyika dzekuMadokero, kuzivikanwa nekufambira mberi kwevanhu uye mafungiro anoita kubudirira kwechokwadi pakuumbwa kwehupenyu hweTurgenev. Holland, France, Italy yakagadzirisawo zvikuru munyori weramangwana. Kusvika panguva iyi ndeyewo mifananidzo yaIvan Sergeevich Turgenev , yakagadzirwa kubva mumifananidzo yake uye yakaratidza kune iwe pasi apa (munyori KA Gorbunov, 1838-1839 gg.).

Kutanga kuzivikanwa

Kudzoka kumusha, miedzo yechikoro che master, chido chekudzidzisa - izvi zvose zviri pakutanga kwe-40-ies. Turgenev purofesa wefilosofi, asi kuNicholas Russia rakarambidzwa. Uye ndicho chikonzero Ivan Sergeevich anova mukuru. Uye muna 1843 nhetembo "Parasha" - yekutanga basa reTurgenev chaiyo-yakabudiswa, uye iko mairi iro rakatsetseka rutsara rinoratidza chishamiso chechikadzi, iyo iyo inotsoropodza zvinyorwa inonzi "musikana waTurgenev".

Mufananidzo Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich daguerreotype, yakanyorwa 1840-ies. Mhete, kunyatsoteerera, kukanganisa brows uye pasi yakadzika pakati pavo zvinoratidza kufungisisa kwakakomba. Pashure pezvose, nekukurumidza, kubva muna 1847, nhau dzinotanga kuonekwa, izvo zvino zvichange zvichinyora kukohwa kwakaunza munyori mukurumbira nekuzivikanwa- "Nhamba dzeHunter", "Mumu" nevamwe. Saka iva nechokwadi chekucherechedza zuva pane nguva! Mushure mezvose, nyaya dzeTurgenev ndeye encyclopedia chaiyo yehupenyu hwevanhu, mufananidzo wemararamiro ehupenyu, kuburitswa kwezvinhu zvisinganzwisisiki zvepfungwa dzomunhu weRussia ari nyore.

Link to Spassky

Zita romunyori rinotora mvumo kumutsara, uye iye pachake akatumirwa kutapwa muimba yeimba kusvikira pakuguma kwekuwa kwe 1853. Herzen pasina chikonzero chinonzi Turgenev nenyaya "dare rezvinyorwa zve serfdom." Mvura yakasvibiswa, uye Ermolai naMelnichikha vanorondedzerwa pamusoro pezvakagadziriswa, zvakaputsika matariro, zvakashungurudzwa nehupenyu. Kunaka kwekunaka kwemweya uye tarenda yevanhu zvakaratidzwa mubasa "Singers". Izvo zvinoparadza shanduro zvinonzwika munyaya dzose.

"Nheyo dzeHunter" dzakava hurukuro inokosha yevanyori mukurwisana kusinganzwisisiki neuranda hunonyadzisa. Nokudaro kuzadziswa kwe "annibbal mhiko", yakapiwa pachayo naTurgenev muhuduku hwake, yakazadzika. Uye imwe pfungwa inokosha zvikuru. Mune nyaya idzi ruoko rwaTenzi, muimbi akachenjera wemutauro weRussia, uye chimiro chinoshamisa, mutauro wekutaura, izvo vanotsvakurudza vachatumidzawo kuti "Turgenev", atoona. Zvimwe VG. Belinsky aikoshesa chaizvo zvipo zvenyorwa zvemunyori.

"Mhirizhonga Yezvimwe Nendere"

Upenyu hwaTurgenev ndiko kutsvaga kusingaperi kwechokwadi, chido chekunzwisisa "chisingazivikanwi vanhu veRussia mweya." Akanga ane tarenda yakasiyana-siyana: kucherechedza, kunzwa manzwiro ekubuda kwemafungiro evanhu, kuona heroes idzva dzichionekwa padanho rekugadzirisa zvematongerwe enyika uye zvematongerwo enyika uye kuzviratidza mumabasa avo. Panguva imwecheteyo, munhu haafaniri kukanganwa pamusoro pepfungwa yeTurgenev's prose uye nhetembo yemararamiro ake. Uyewo-pamusoro pekuda.

Musoro we rudo ndeimwe yezvinyorwa mumabhuku ose emunyori, mune dzakawanda zvevanorati. Nerudo anoongorora kukosha kwevanhu vake, kufanana kwavo nehupamhi hwemunhu. Kune hupenyu hwehupenyu hwevanhu vake, Ivan Sergeevich anoita zvinonyanya kuda. Nei zvakadaro? Zvichida, nokuti hupenyu hweTurgenev hwakanga hwakashamisa. Pauline Viardot, muimbi wechiFrench, akazova museki, hope isingagoneki, uye mhuri yake nemararamiro - mhuri yake neimba yake, asi pamucheto we "dendere reumwe." Nokuti iye haana kumbobvira awana. Uye kunyange mwanasikana wemunyori, akaberekwa kubva musikana wechivanze panguva yehuduku hwake, akakurira mumhuri yeViardot. Kune imwe nzvimbo, hupenyu hwaTurgenev hwakapatsanurwa kuva hafu mbiri-kusvikira asangana naPolina uye pashure. Saka, 1843 inofanira kuiswa pamutsara, uye maererano neiyi, chiitiko chakakosha kuna Ivan Sergeyevich.

Kubatana uye kuputsa ne "Contemporary"

Chronological tafura yehupenyu hwaTurgenev inofanira kuenderera mberi nemhando dzakadai sa 1850 - kutanga kwebasa muNekrasov's Sovremennik, ushamwari uye hukama pamwe nehurumende yezvematongerwo enyika: Nekrasov, Dobrolyubov, Chernyshevsky nevamwe. 1855 - kunyorwa kweruzivo "Rudin", 1859 - kuonekwa kwe "Noble's Nest", 1860 - kusikwa kwe "Evha"; 1862 - bhuku rebhuku rinonzi "Vanababa nevana".

Imwe yemabasa inowanikwa kuvanhu ndeye mhinduro kumubvunzo wekuti hero iripo sei uye inofambira mberi yevanhu vanogona uye inofanira kuva . Mune maonero ake evanhu, munyori akashandura kune avo vakasununguka, aidavira kuti hupenyu muRussia hunofanira kuchinjwa kuburikidza nekuchinja kwehurumende uye hauna kugamuchira kuchinja kwehurumende nechisimba uye zvibayiro. Zvinyorwa, Turgenev kunyanya akasimbisa pamusoro peizvi, haana kodzero yekutumidza "Russia kuhuta." Vanyori vane basa guru, nokuti vanobatsira pakuumbwa kwevanhu. Uye kutya kwekuvandudzwa hakuzounzi chinhu chakanaka kune vanhu. Pachikonzero ichi muna 1860, hukama nehutungamiri hwe "Contemporary" inova munyori zvikuru, uye muna 1861 zvakapera zvachose. Pamusoro pezvakaitika panguva yeTurgenev's biography, zuva rino rinofanira kugadziriswa.

Kurarama kune imwe nyika

Kutanga kwenguva itsva yehupenyu hwaIvan Sergeevich ndewe 1863. Anoenda kunze kwenyika, kuFrance, anogara nemhuri yeViardot, anobatana nemurume wake mumabhuku epamba. Ikoko akanyora zvinhu zvake zvekupedzisira zvakanakisisa - zvinyorwa "Smoke" uye "Nov", uyewo nyaya "Spring Waters". Anouya kunyika yekumusha kwake pane imwe nguva, mumwaka wegore, nechisuruko achicherechedza matanho evanhu vane tsika dzakanaka vanosiya munguva yakapfuura. Uye chete mumakore ekuma1870, apo mutsva mutsva wesangano rekusununguka-sangano wakatanga muRussia, kufarira kwakabatana pakati pemunyori nevaverengi vake veRussia vakamutswa zvakare. Vanosvika vaIvan Sergeevich vanoratidzwa nemisangano yenguva dzose nevechidiki, anoremekedzwa pamanheru ezvinyorwa, akakokwa kuti adzokere kunyika yekwake nokusingaperi. Turgenev anofunga nezvazvo.

"Nhetembo muprose" uye rufu

Mumakore mana ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake, Ivan Sergeyevich akanyora zvidhori zviduku zvinyoronyoro, zvakagadzirirwa mune zvinyorwa pasi pezita guru re "Poems in Prose." Unokwanisa, nyanzvi dzakanaka, pfungwa yakadzama yekufunga uye kukwana kwekutaura. Vakava rudzi rwekutenda kwemuunyori, bhuku rake rega, kuratidza mafungiro, manzwiro, mafungiro eTurgenev. Muna 1882, munyori akawana chirwere chinotyisa-kenza yemupfu. Uye musi waAugust 22, 1883 (September 3), akafira muBougèville. Munyori akavigwa muRussia, muPetersburg. Iyi data inogadziriswa zvachose pane biographical time scale.