Cultural nhaka - chikamu zvokunyama tsika akasikwa zvakapfuura

Mumakore zvemakore, nhoroondo munhu akasikwa vanodhirowa zhinji, zviratidzo, zvivako, zvivezwa, uye zvemumba. Sezvo kuwana kuziva murume ane incredible kushingaira runouyisa zvisaririra chokuvapo kwavo - kuitira kufadza runotevera kana kutsvaka mumwe chinangwa zvikuru inoshanda. izvi zvose - zvinhu zvaishandiswa, Kuyera tsika dzevanhu. Asi kwete vose ndiyo nhaka nemagariro.

Cultural nhaka - ine zvisikwa kare (zvinhu kana pakunamata), umo munhu anoona uyu-yakaitwa ukoshi nemagariro uye anoda kuchengetedza kwavari ramangwana. nhaka Arakure kunorondedzerwa so chinokosha mutsika, kuita sezvo zvose nzira kuti ndipe mumwe tsika mananara, uye sezvo chaizvo nheyo tsika. Nemamwe mashoko, nhaka tsika - chinokosha chikamu tsika, kukosha iyo kunozivikanwa kumarudzi. zvino aiziva sezvo nevaairarama uye kushingaira zvinofanira kuchengetedzwa uye chakasvitswa ramangwana.

T. M. Mironova anodzivisa pfungwa "Shongwe" uye "nhaka kwetsika". In zvaaifunga, shoko "Shongwe" rinoreva chinhu nokuda ndangariro chekuchengeta. Kunyange zvazvo tsika nhaka kufukidzwa nesu kwete bedzi kuchengetwa, asi kuti mabasa vaite navo, kunzwisisa kukosha kwavo nhasi ari dudziro ano.

Two Nzira toreva nzanga nemagariro nhaka kudzivirirwa uye kuchengetedzwa

1. Protection nhaka nemagariro. Mamiriro uye chikuru chinodiwa zviri chinhu anonzi ayo kudzivirirwa Kufurirwa nevamwe. The chinhu ari pakukwana utsvene. Rinovatadzisa chero kudyidzana pamwe chinhu, kunze anodiwa matanho. Emotional Panobva ukama uyu pfungwa kupanga mazuva akare, kana kufarira rarities uye zvisaririra kare. The chinhu Inonzi ndangariro chekare, dziri penyaya. The zvakawanda wekare ndiyo chinhu, zvikuru kukosha riri kuonekwa sezvo kuchengetera svikiro ari zvekare yaitonga. In pfungwa iyi, pane chinokosha kuvamirira. chinhu saka vachinyatsoongorora kurindwa vekare nokufamba kwenguva chinhu mutorwa ari dzichichinja zvakatipoteredza. Akanga asina akazara itsva kugutsikana nokukurumidza uye njodzi yokuva chinhu goko uye kuva pamusoro arikunze kwezvirongwa nzeve uye somugumisiro muchiyeverwa.
2. Kuchengetedzwa nhaka nemagariro. It yakabuda munzvimbo yechipiri yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri nokuda kunzwisisa kwakaita ukama kusvikira zvivako enhaka nemagariro. Anosanganisira yakatarwa zviyero, kwete chete nokuda inodzivirira, asiwo kudzidza, dudziro uye kushandisa tsika zvinhu.

First vairinda vamwe nomumwe zvinhu (zvivakwa, zvivako), iro vakasarudzwa nenyanzvi, achishandisa "pachena zvinodiwa." Kuchinja kubva evasingatombonamati kukudzivirira matanho kuchengetedza pfungwa akabvumira kuti zvinyorwe izvi ndiko zvivako yose uye kunyange munharaunda. Nzvimbo kusarudzwa zvinodiwa wakashamira.

A nzira ano hazvirevi kurambwa netsika nhaka unodzivirira, asi hunotungamira desirability izvi kwacho. Zvabuda akaratidza kuti akangwara kushandiswa zvenhoroondo zvinhu (zvivakwa, nzvimbo) zvakawanda zvinoita kuti revitalization ( "kudzokera upenyu") nhaka nemagariro pane pfungwa vachingoshandisa kuchengeteka. Nhamba yacho shongwe aenda mhiri nyore obereganiya zvinhu wrapper chinhu kare. Monuments nhaka nemagariro zvava kwete chiyeuchidzo kare. Kutanga, vava kukosha sezvo kukosha mumeso vakararama. Vari vakazadzwa anoreva itsva.

UNESCO nemagariro nhaka. Mitambo mumunda nemagariro nhaka Kuchengetedzwa

1972. "On Inodzivirira World Cultural uye Natural Heritage" kuitwa Chibvumirano.

Tsanangudzo yokuti "nhaka nemagariro" gungano haana kupa, asi Mapato akanyorwa mariri:

• Monuments nhaka nemagariro - kunzwisiswa nenzira Mupfungwa yakazara, ichi zvinosanganisira zvivako, zvivezwa, zvinyorwa, bako dzose. Monument - a chairema nhaka nemagariro Inonzi yakananga chinhu pamwe unyanzvi kana nesayenzi (munhoroondo) ukoshi. Asi panguva imwecheteyo kukunda voga nzvimbo kubva mumwe, sezvo zvinofungirwa ukama hwavo nemumwe uye ukama hwavo naye zvakatipoteredza. The muunganidzwa Zvivako mutsika anoumba chinangwa nyika.
• Ensembles, iyo hondo sezvo mapurani zvivako.
• Pfungwa mubereko: Munhu kana naye, asi pamwe chinangwa. Kupinda hwezvisikwa.

Kukosha pagungano iri sezvinotevera:

• Implementation ane Integrated nzira iri tinyatsonzwisisa ukama venhaka nemagariro uye zviwanikwa;
• A boka idzva zvinhu (zvinokwezva) wakaradzikwa akadzivirirwa;
• nhungamiro vakapiwa kuti unyorwe nhaka nzvimbo zvoupfumi basa ravo kushandiswa nokuda kwezvinangwa dzinobatsira.

1992. La Petite-Pierre. Shanduro Guidelines nokuda Implementation of Convention pakati 1972 gore. The Convention on World Heritage nzvimbo, zvakasikwa zvose zvakasikwa uye murume. Asi akanga asiri nzira pakuzivisa kwavo, kusarudzwa. The nokururamiswa dzemarudzi nyanzvi dzinoti uye vanobatanidzwa utariri pfungwa "nzvimbo nemagariro", izvo zvakazoita kuti kuchinja tsika zvinodiwa. Kuti basa mamiriro tsika vaiongorora nzvimbo, kuwedzera pose vakaziva tsika zvichakafanira mumiririri nharaunda uye zvinoratidza kusiyana kwayo. Saka akatanga muboka idzva nhaka nemagariro.

1999. Yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita kuti Guidelines nokuda Implementation of Convention pakati 1972 gore.
The zviri yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita yave hwakadzama tsanangudzo rokuti "nzvimbo kwetsika", uyewo hunhu kwemarudzi ayo. Izvi zvaisanganisira:

1. Nharaunda nomunhu.
2. Sezvingatarisirwa dzichiri nharaunda.
3. Associative nharaunda.

Nzira dzekuziva nadzo tsika nzvimbo:

• kwose kuzivikanwa somunhu hunoshamisa kunoita ndima;
• nepakatanga mamiriro enzvimbo;
• kuvimbika kwenzvimbo.

2001. UNESCO Conference, apo pfungwa itsva akagadzira. nemagariro nhaka chisingaoneki - ndiwo chaiwo pezvakaitwa ari munhu basa uye okugadzira zvinhu, kusimudzira pfungwa chamazuva dzakasiyana munzanga uye tsika kuramba kuzivikanwa kwavo. Panguva iyoyo akanga dzinounzwa mhando:

• mudzidziso tsika zvipenyu zvokunyama uye upenyu nemagariro;
• marudzi mashoko, kwete mumuviri vakaisawo (mutauro pacharo, tsika nomuromo zvitange, nziyo uye mumhanzi);
• kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro chezvinonhuwira nemagariro nhaka zvaioneka, inova mugumisiro nokududzirwa.

2003. Paris. Kuitwa pakati UNESCO Convention "On Kudzivirirwa chisingaoneki Cultural Heritage." Kudiwa chiitiko ichi chakanga zvinosiyana ari incompleteness of 1972 Convention, kureva, hapana panotaurwa gwaro pakunamata pakati World Heritage nzvimbo.

Zvipingamupinyi ndichengetedze nhaka nemagariro

1. Vamiririri siyana sectors munzanga vane chakatarisana maonero pamusoro desirability kuramba chimwe nhaka kare. Munyori anoona mharidzo Victorian mavakirwo vachida yokudzorerwa. Entrepreneur anoona chakasakara building, izvo zvakafanira kutakura uye kushandisa shama nomunda kuti pavakwe Supermarket.
2. Not dzakabudirira kazhinji akagamuchira nzira nesayenzi kana unyanzvi kukosha chinhu, kureva, izvo akaramba anofanira kunzi nhaka netsika, uye izvo vasiri.
3. With yakanaka nokugadziriswa nyaya mbiri yokutanga (ndiko, kukosha akasarudza kuramba iye uye aiziva kukosha), pane dambudziko pakati kusarudza nzira Kuchengetedzwa nhaka nemagariro.

Kukosha nhaka nemagariro pakugadzirwa yenhoroondo kuziva

The daily kuchinja murume ano zvikuru zvakajeka anonzwa kuda munyaya chinhu husingagumi. Ziva pachavo pamwe chinhu nokusingaperi, yepakutanga - zvinoreva kuti vawane pfungwa rakatsiga, zvirokwazvo uye chivimbo.

zvinangwa zvakadaro kurima nhoroondo kuziva - mupfungwa dzidzo chaiyo, vachibvumira munhu kuti vabatane evanhu kuyeuka vanhu vake uye dzimwe tsika, uyewo kuti dzifunge uye kutepfenyurwa enhoroondo chiitiko-National ruzivo. Inotungamirwa dzakaitika kuziva zvinogoneka chete kuvimba munhoroondo mundangariro. Substrates chenhau ndangariro ndiyo mamiziyamu, mumaraibhurari uye yamabhuku. NF Fedorov miziyamu anodana "vaiita ndangariro", anoshorana rufu pakunamata.

Kukoshesa okukura chenhau kuziva

1. The kuitwa nhau yokuti nguva - tsika nhaka munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana inoita munhu kunzwisisa nyaya, vanonzwa paraiitwa kuburikidza kuonana zvinhu nhaka uye vanoziva akaratidza riine dzavo nguva.
2. Permenchivosti vazive tsika - Discover nemagariro nhaka somunhu mharidzo chokuita aesthetic tsika vanhu kare; okunatsiridza of anoratidza, yenhepfenyuro uye tiratidze tsika idzi dzakasiyana nguva.
3. Kuziva enhoroondo kwakabva madzinza uye vanhu kuburikidza kuratidzwa zvechokwadi mimwe chevarwere unyanzvi uye nekuisa dyidzana okunze muchimiro kubatanidzwa mune pekugara netsika tsika uye mhemberero.

Kushandisa zvinhu nhaka nemagariro munzanga kuronga

Cultural nhaka - zvinonamatwa kare, izvo zvinogona kuita sechinhu chinoita okukura munzanga ano. kubvuma uku yagara ichikurukurwa, asi rinoshanda Implementation akatanga chete yechipiri yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri. Advanced nyika pano vaiva America, Spain, Australia. Model nzira iyi inogona kuva Colorado-2000 chirongwa. Izvi budiriro chirongwa eponymous States. Hwaro kukura kwacho raitwa Kuchengetedzwa nemagariro nhaka Colorado. Access kuti kubatanidzwa mupurogiramu yakanga yakazaruka kuna vose, kuti somugumisiro akabvumira kuti richizoita izvi vamiririri zvikamu zvose munzanga Colorado. Nyanzvi akarara vanhu, hurumende nemasangano uye masangano ehurumende, makambani uye yemakambani diki - nesimba ravo yaisanganisa vakanga zvainanga musimboti of Colorado-kwakavakirwa budiriro zvirongwa kundizivisa yose yenhoroondo kusiyana. zvirongwa izvi kubvumira vechikamu kuti vanzwe sedzechokwadi vatakuri tsika yechizvarigo, kunzwa mupiro nerimwe richengetedzwe uye mharidzo zvenyika nhaka nzvimbo.

Kukosha nhaka nemagariro Pakuchengeta yakasiyana siyana netsika

Munyika yanhasi miganhu kutaurirana pakati munzanga zviri vakadzima, uye mungozi yepakutanga National tsika, iyo kwakaoma kukwikwidzana kuti nezvenyu vakawanda zvakavapo.

Saka pane chikonzero kuti vaunze vanhu kudada nhaka vanhu, kuita navo pakuchengetedza emunharaunda nzvimbo. Panguva imwe cheteyo, unofanira vaunze kuremekedza zvinocherechedzesa mamwewo marudzi uye nyika. izvi zvose zvichiitirwa akakuitira kudyidzana tsika yenyika uye kurasikirwa nokuzivikanwa netsika dzenyika.