Culture caliphate nyika: maitiro uye nhoroondo. The mupiro reArab Caliphate vari mutsika munyika

A nguva apo nyika vechimoziremu rakanga pasi pokutonga Caliphate, yainzi Golden Age rechiIslam. Nguva iyi yakatora kubva VIII kusvika XIII remakore AD. Hwakatanga Paaitsaurira House reUchenjeri muna Baghdad. Ikoko, masayendisiti munyika yose vakatsvaka kuunganidza iripo ruzivo zvose panguva uye kushandurira navo Arabic. Caliphate nyika tsika iyi, ruzivo kubudirira kusingaenzaniswi. It akagumisa Golden Age panguva iyo Mongol nechisimba uye kuwa kweBaghdad muna 1258.

Zvikonzero nemagariro kukura

Muzana VIII remakore, kubva China kundima yaigarwa navaArabhu kupinda kuvamba itsva - paper. Yakanga isingadhuri chaizvo uye nyore kugadzira kupfuura yematehwe, yamunenge uye yakasimba kupfuura yenhokwe. Chinhu nani tibatsirwe ingi kuti kubvumira kuti makopi zvinyorwa nokukurumidza. Nemhaka veMubatanidzwa bepa mabhuku vava isingadhuri zvikuru uye nyore.

Caliphate kutonga imba, iyo Abbasids, vakatsigira kuunganidza uye kuchinjwa ruzivo. Iye akataura Muporofita Muhammad dictum, iyo verenga: ". The ingi yacho musayendisiti - kupfuura matsvene pane ropa akafira"

Culture of Arab nyika yacho Caliphate vakabuda pasina. Kwakavakirwa nebudiriro yapfuura pemarudzi. mabasa mazhinji klassiske yekare vakanga muchiArabic uye Persian, uye gare gare Turkish, chiHebheru uye chiLatin. MaArab kutombozivikanwa muchiKristu, reinterpreted uye akawedzera kuziva zvinobva rekare rechiGiriki, Roman, Persian, Indian, Chinese uye kumwewo.

Science uye Philosophy

Culture Caliphate Islamic tsika pamwe pfungwa nevafungi yekare, kunyanya Plato naAristotle. Arab mabhuku kwouzivi rakashandurirwa muchiLatin sezvo kuita kuti pave European nesayenzi.

Zvichienderana echiGiriki vamutangira, akadai Euclid uye Archimedes, mathematicians Caliphate, wokutanga nokudzidza nemasvomhu. The navaArabhu akasuma vokuEurope vane Indian nhamba, negadziriro yaJehovha grade zvikamu zviduku.

The Moroccan Guta Fez University rakaumbwa muna 859. Gare gare, zvakafanana masangano akavhurwa Cairo uye Baghdad. To yunivhesiti kudzidza dzidziso, mutemo, uye Islamic nhoroondo. Caliphate nyika tsika nemagariro kwave akurirwe kunze simba. Pakati vadzidzisi uye vadzidzi havana chete maArab, asiwo vatorwa, kusanganisira nevasiri maMoziremu.

mushonga

Muzana IX remakore ari mundima Caliphate akatanga kuva kwegadziriro mushonga yakavakirwa ongororo yesayenzi. The nevafungi iyoyo, Al-Rāzī uye Ibn Sina (Avicenna) systematized ruzivo dzinoitwa pamusoro kurapwa kwezvirwere uye akapa kwavari mumabhuku dzakazova kuzivikanwa muna Ages Europe. Pamusana nyika dzechiKristu navaArabhu kumutsidzirwa vekare vanachiremba Greek Hippocrates uye Galen.

Culture nyika Caliphate yaisanganisira kwakavakirwa Zvinorairwa Islam tsika achibatsira varombo. Saka, mumaguta makuru iripo vakasununguka zvipatara, kubatsira murwere zvose kuzvipfuuridza. Vari mari ne nheyo vezvitendero - Vakuf. On mundima Caliphate akazviratidza uye sangano munyika pakutanga mutariri pfungwa kurwara.

Kutarisana musekiwa

Zvakakurukurwa Culture of Arab Caliphate, kunyanya kuoneka decoration basa. Islamic zvishongo havagoni kuva vakavhiringidzika pamwe mimwe zvakanaka unyanzvi dzimwe dzomunyika. Mamirire mapatani akashongedzwa pamakapeti, mbatya, fenicha, nezvirongo, pamadziro uye omukati zvivako.

Kushandisa chishongo chokuita vezvitendero kurambidza mifananidzo zvipenyu venyama. Asi hazvina zvachose nguva dzose kutevedzerwa. Bhuku rinonzi mifananidzo mufananidzo vanhu vave kwakapararira. In Persia, dzaivawo chikamu Caliphate, kufanana Pamifananidzo kupendwa pamadziro zvezvivako.

Articles zvakagadzirwa negirazi

Egypt neSiriya yekare vaiva nzvimbo magirazi indasitiri. On mundima Caliphate rakachengetedzwa uye vakakwana kwakadai ndege. Munguva vekare yeMiddle Ages munyika yakanaka magirazi zvigadzirwa anobudiswa kuMiddle East uye Persia. The soro hwokugadzira tsika yacho Caliphate aikosheswa zvikuru pakati vokuItaly. Gare gare, Venetians, ari kushanda nguva achishandisa Islamic Artists akasika yavo magirazi indasitiri.

calligraphy

Kudzingana akakwana uye runako Labels yakazara yose tsika reArab Caliphate. Muchidimbu akaratidza murayiridzo yechitendero kana ndima kubva Koran vakanga kushandiswa nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana: .. Coin, zvedongo usina kukonekita, simbi bvunzurudza, masvingo zvezvivako, etc. Tenzi muridzi unyanzvi calligraphy, aiva yepamusoro chinzvimbo pane dzimwe Artists munyika dzechiArabhu.

Literature uye Poetry

Panguva kutanga kwekupwanyiwa tsika Caliphate nyika dzinoratidzwa wevasungwa panyaya dzechitendero uye nechido ndokudzinga vechiArabhu emunharaunda mitauro. Asi gare gare zvakanzi liberalized munyaya zhinji youpenyu pachena. Izvi kunyanya kwakatungamirira kumutsidzira mabhuku Persian.

Kufarira mukuru ndiye nhetembo ari kumwedzi. Verses zvinowanika dzinenge bhuku ose Persian. Kunyange kana kunoshanda pauzivi, zvenyeredzi uye masvomhu. Somuenzaniso, anenge nehafu chinyorwa mabhuku mushonga Avicenna akanyora nhetembo. Zvakapararira eulogies. Dzakabudirira uye paakaita nhetembo. Porusvingo ichi Muitiro ndiko nhetembo "Shakhname".

Famous dzechembere "Chiuru uye Mumwe neusiku" vari uyewo mavambo Persian. Asi nguva yokutanga vanoungana mubhuku uye zvakanyorwa Arabic ari XIII remakore muna Baghdad.

akitekicha

Caliphate nyika tsika rakaumbwa pasi pokudzora vekare pre-Islamic dzomunyika uye vanhu pedyo maArab. Izvi zvakajeka zvikuru wakaratidzwa kwetunhu mapurani. Buildings ari Byzantine uye Syriac manyorerwo hunhu mangwanani Islamic mapurani. Architects uye decorators zvezvivako zhinji zvakavakwa pamusoro munharaunda Caliphate, vaiva vatama vachibva kunyika echiKristu.

Mosque Great muDhamasiko yakavakwa pamusoro nzvimbo Basilica of Ioanna Krestitelya , uye akapotsa zvakangofanana sezvo chimiro chayo. Asi nokukurumidza akazviratidza, uye kutaura zvazviri Islamic mapurani manyorerwo. Keyruana Great Mosque muna Tunisia rava muenzaniso nekutambira zvivako zvechitendero Muslim zvose. Ine mativi chimiro uye rine Arch, muchivanze guru rakapoteredzwa porticos uye guru munamato horo pamwe domes maviri.

Culture of Arab nyika yacho Caliphate aiva raidudzwa emunharaunda kusiyana. Saka, nokuti mavakirwo Persian yakanga dzinoratidzwa rwakavakwa uye chidhongi namaberere, kuti hweOttoman - zvivakwa multiple domes, kusvikira Maghreb - kushandiswa pembiru.

Caliphate aiva zvikuru zvokutengeserana uye noushamwari enyika pamwe nedzimwe nyika. Naizvozvo, tsika dzayo rwave zvakarwadza chaizvo zhinji dzavanhu uye mararamiro.