Hondo Navarino. hondo Major wengarava muna 1827. zvabuda

Navarino gungwa kurwa, vakatora nzvimbo kuine zuva, October 20, 1927 mune eponymous mhenderekedzo, kwete chete ndiyo imwe mapeji kushongedzwa munhoroondo zvipfuwo rengarava, asi ariwo muenzaniso Russia uye kunyika Western Europe angawana pamungawirirana kana toreva kukanganisa kodzero uye rusununguko siyana avanhu. Present yakabatana pamberi pamusoro vapera basa hweOttoman Empire, Britain, Russia uye France zvakapa rubatsiro chinokosha echiGiriki vanhu kutamburira yavo kuzvimiririra.

Russia uye Europe rokutanga hafu XIX remakore

Russian muUmambo remakore rechi19, kunyanya pashure pokukundwa Napoleon uye Congress of Vienna, akava azere nhengo enyika dzakawanda muitiro. Uyezve, ayo kukanganisa muna 1810-1830-ies. Zvakanga zvikuru zvokuti akatsvaka rutsigiro zvose zvakawanda kana zvishoma kukosha ezvinhu. Created panguva chirongwa Alexander I, Mutsvene Alliance, chinangwa chikuru chakanga kurwa kuti ndichengetedze aivapo nyika dzokuEurope, enyika hwoudzvinyiriri, razova chinokosha Chishandiso simba panyaya zvose intra-European.

Rimwe simba pfungwa muEurope rokutanga kota XIX remakore yakanga zvishoma nezvishoma makariita hweTurkey. Pasinei nokuedza vose vatendeuke Turkey ari kuramba lagging shure marudzi vaitungamirira, zvishoma nezvishoma kurasikirwa nokudzora chepfuma, kusanganisira chikamu chacho hwacho. Special chinzvimbo mune izvi yaigarwa nyika muBalkan Peninsula, izvo pamwe ziso zvichibvira rubatsiro kuRussia uye dzimwe nyika dzokuEurope dziri kuramba kutanga kurwa kwavo rusununguko.

Muna 1821, echiGiriki yemuna rakatanga. hurumende yeRussia awana pacharo mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, kune rumwe rutivi, zvinhu Mutsvene Alliance haana kubvumirwa kutsigira vaya waitsigira amboshandurirwa raivapo ezvinhu, uye pane dzimwe - Orthodox vaGiriki kare aionekwa sevatsigiri edu, ukuwo nomukadzi Turkey dzinenge vagara kure kubva Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri. Asi nokungwarira pakutanga ukama zviitiko izvi zviri zvishoma ne kuwedzera kukura kumanikidza zvizvarwa Osman. Hondo Navarino muna 1827 aiva musoro kuguma izvi.

Background uye chikuru zvikonzero

The eGreece kupikiswa kwenguva refu, hapana mapato kugona kuwana mutsindo ukuru. Nezvagara Zviripo yave hwakanyorwa anonzi Akkerman Convention, ipapo mhaka rugare kugarwa akatora vanoshingaira Russia, France neEngland. Nicholas I akajekesa kuti Sultan Mahmud II, iyo vachafanira kuenda dzakakomba zvikuru tobvuma kuzoponesa Balkan inoti sezvo chikamu kwavo hwacho. Izvi zvinodiwa kuti wagadzirirwa dzakati Petersburg muna 1826, apo vaGiriki yakavimbiswa yakafara kuzvionera, kusanganisira kodzero vasanangurwa kune voruzhinji hofisi namachinda aro.

Pasinei nezvibvumirano izvi zvose, pane mukana wose Turkey vachishuva achironga kuvhomora pamusoro vanozvikudza vaGiriki paida kutsakatiswa rudzi chaiyo. Izvi pakupedzisira zvakatungamirira Russia uye nevatsigiri vayo European kuenda pane zvakawanda kusarudza pavari.

The inogara Mauto pamberi Hondo Navarino

Hondo Navarino akawana kuti panguva apo Turkish rengarava ichaongororwa imwe zvomunda Europe, vave zvachose akapfuura. Sultan uye Pasha kapudan Muharram Bey akakwanisa kumutsa mu yeMediterranean ndiro simba zvinoorora chaizvo. Kuwedzera kune chaiko Turkish frigates tiri kwawakananga battleships simba yeIjipiti uye Tunisia. Kazhinji, armáda ichi raiva 66 pennants, ine zvinopfuura 2,100 pfuti. VokuTurkey aigona kuverenga nokutsigirwa romumhenderekedzo yegungwa atirari, sangano iri kushanda nguva yake vairidza French mainjiniya.

Federal dzechikwata, izvo mukuru murayiro ukuru akaratidza wokuEngland Codrington, paiva pennants chete makumi matanhatu kusvika 1,300 pfuti. Zvisinei, ngarava yacho mutsetse - huru simba pakurwa chero wengarava nguva - vakanga zvakawanda - gumi kusvika nomwe. Kana Russian dzechikwata, kuti yaisanganisira mana battleships uye frigates, uye akarayira ruzivo musoja ane L. Heyden, uyo akanga akabata mureza pamusoro flagship "Azov".

Unhu pamberi muhondo

Nechekare ari pedyo rechiGiriki rezvitsuwa, kuti omubatanidzwa murayiro kwakaita kokupedzisira kuedza kugadzirisa kunetsana norugare. Pasha Ibragim munguva kwakadzama nokuda Sultan yakapikirwa-vhiki nhatu chibvumirano kuti zvinenge pakarepo ikavhuniwa. Zvadaro, wakashamwaridzana rengarava dzinotevedzana flanking anofambisa vakavharirwa vokuTurkey muna Navarino Bay, apo avo pasi kudzivirira simba kumahombekombe mabhatiri aida kupa hondo mukuru.

Hondo Navarino yakakurumbira akarasika nokuda vokuTurkey vasati vatanga. Kusarudza ichi pane yakamanikana mhenderekedzo, chaizvoizvo kuti kunyimwa pachavo pamusoro kusanganiswa zvinobatsira, sezvo chete chiduku chikamu zvikepe zvavo vaigona panguva kubatanidzwa muhondo. Coast atirari iri ukasavimba kubudikidza chidhongi ari Turkish rengarava, basa rinokosha pakurwa haana kutamba.

The dzairwisa pavakanga vachironga kurwisa mbiru mbiri: vokuBritain uye French aifanira vanopwanya kurudyi parutivi, uye kuRussia nemauto rengarava - tapedza vanyatsoparadzwa, akasendamira kurutivi Turkish rengarava rworuboshwe.

Kutanga hondo

Mangwanani October 8, 1827 Anglo-French dzechikwata, riri pedyo anokumhan'arira yabuda mu wechikamu, kutanga kunonoka inofamba nenzira vokuTurkey. Achisvika mukati vapfurwa, zvikepe akadzivirwa, Admiral Codrington akatuma nhume kuna vokuTurkey, uyo vakapfurwa nepfuti. Kwepfuti zvakareva pakutanga rokurwa kumativi ose panguva imwe chete kutaura zviuru zviviri pfuti, wose mhenderekedzo yakanga yakafukidzwa with utsi kutsanya.

Panguva iyi, wakashamwaridzana rengarava kukwanisa kuwana mutsindo ukuru. Uyezve, mashoko Turkish zvombo zvakakonzera zvakakomba zvakakwana kukuvara hurongwa Muhharey Bey akanga mupfungwa.

Hondo Navarino: panopindwa Russian rengarava uye kuchinja

Panguva apo mugumisiro hondo achiri kure pachena, nokuti basa rwisana akavhiyiwa vakatanga Heyden Russian dzechikwata, yaiva akarova zvainanga rworuboshwe parutivi pakati vokuTurkey. Wokutanga frigate "Hanko" akapfura mumhenderekedzo yegungwa bhatiri, izvo haana aiva nguva kuita volleys gumi. Zvadaro, vakamira nechokure ane pfuti pena, zvikepe Russian apinda vachiridzira duel nemuvengi rengarava.

The brunt hondo dzakawira flagship "Azov", uyo wavarwi aizivikanwa mudzimba wengarava mutungamiri Mikhail Lazarev. Sezvo musoro Russian kurwisa Unit, akabva akabatana pakurwa nezvikepe shanu muvengi, rikabatwa vaviri nokukurumidza. Pashure paizvozvo, vaimhanyira kununura weBritish "Asia", iro akazarura moto pamusoro muvengi flagship. battleships Russian uye frigates makaita muhondo muenzaniso: kutora nzvimbo basa navo vakagadzirira kurwa, vari pasi pokutsamwa moto muvengi pachena uye nenguva anotungamirira, achinyudza rimwe Turkish uye reEgipita. Kuti nesimba dzechikwata Heyden akapa nokuchinja kukuru pakurwa.

Pakuguma rokurwa wakakwana kukunda of chingashamwaridzana rengarava

Hondo Navarino yakatora maawa pfuurei mana uye ane yakakwirira chaizvo wevasungwa remoto saturation anofambisa. Pasinei nokuti hondo yakarwiwa pamusoro Turkish ndima, kureva vokuTurkey vakanga vakagadzirira nokuti kuipa. Vakawanda zvikepe zvavo panguva sangano akamhanya kukandirwa uye kuva nyore. Pakazopera awa muhondo rechitatu raiva pachena, mubatanidzwa wemauto airwisa Germany yakatanga kukwikwidzana mune ndiani zvakawanda singi nezvikepe.

Somugumisiro, pasina kurasikirwa rimwe chikepe kurwisa, ari wakashamwaridzana rengarava vakakunda yose Turkish rengarava: Tiza waiva chikepe chimwe chete, uye iye akagamuchira chakakura chaizvo kukuvara. Yakadaro zvaitika Akakurumidza kuchinja zvose pakuenzanisa mauto mudunhu.

zvabuda

Hondo Navarino muna 1827 raiva mavambo hondo Russian-Turkish inotevera. Mumwe inoguma aiva rakapinza shanduko nhamba Mauto eGreece. Pashure achirwadziwa unorema kukundwa, Turkey wapinda munguva chakakomba enyika dambudziko. Akanga asiri kusvika madzitateguru vaGiriki, vakakwanisa kuhwina kwete chete wakafara kuzvionera asiwo kubudirira rusununguko zvizere nokukurumidza.

1827 munhoroondo Russia - zviri chimwezve Kusimbiswa simba raro rehondo uye enyika. Vabatanidze rutsigiro kunyika dzakadai England uye France, akakwanisa racho ezvinhu kusimbisa nzvimbo yaro European munhandare.