Desalting mvura: Nzira uye midziyo

Masayendisiti anodavira kuti rwevanhu chasvika nguva apo kukonana achava kuputika pamusoro mvura yakachena. Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri nzira imwe chete - kuwana Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri nzira mvura desalination.

Chii Chinonzi mvura desalination

Chero Urume ayo mamiriro ane zvimwe chikamu munyu, tupukanana tusingaoneki, mamineral. Wokunatswa rwokuzvarwa mvura kana pombi outputs kwazviri zvinokuvadza. Asi dzimwe nguva ndizvo chikamu vakawanda munyu kuti zvinoita kukodzera rinodyiwa.

Desalting mvura - zvinoderedza kufungisisa pamusoro yakanyauka munyu. The nzira inogona kutakura zvachose hunhu apo Urume anobviswa upi munyu kugutsikana, kana kukwana, kana akafanorongerwa kwazvo munyu anoramba mairi.

nzira

Full desalination chiri kuitwa nenzira dzinotevera:

• DISTILLATION, chafariz nzira.
• By Ion exchange.
• electrodialysis nzira.
• Kuzvishandura osmosis membranes.

The haasaruri nokubviswa munyu kunokwanisika kushandisa nzira dzinotevera:

• Liming.
• Barite kunyoroveswa.
• H nokuo- nga exchange.
• Freezing.

Nzira mvura desalination mari zvinoda zvose zvemari uye simba. Selection kurapwa nzira kunoenderana munyu zviri mvura yepakutanga, installation kuita, mari zvinoumba kwacho (kupisa, magetsi, reagents). Mumwe nzira ine zvakanakira nekuipira chingozviitikira rwokugadzira nzira.

kukwana desalination

Isina nouipi zvose mvura inoshandiswa mumaindasitiri zhinji maitiro uye kudiwa munyika kushandiswa pfupi chaizvo nhamba yevanhu. Nezvezvipfuwo kushandiswa kunodiwa demineralization mvura pamwero. Kazhinji, nemvura kunyoroveswa kunoitika kuburikidza cationization.

Masero ane wokutsiva dzakaoma munyu rehydrogen cations izvo, akavapindurawo, zvaanoita kuparadza bicarbonate ions. Product vanoumba remubatanidzwa inova goho sezvo gasi. The mwero yokuzvinatsa zvinofungidzirwa kuwanda zvikaramba karusiyamu carbonate.

DISTILLATION mvura

Water desalination nokuda DISTILLATION nzira - mukuru uye Nzira inonyanya nhasi. The anobatsirwei ayo yezvisikwa Kuwanikwa uye kuvamirira - kwemitengo yezvinhu izvi. Kuti vawane mvura pasina tsvina vachishandisa DISTILLATION. Ndivo mhando inoverengeka evaporators, musiyano pakati pavo ndiye mamiriro aishandiswa simba. Zvinonyanyozivikanwa - hwemvura uye dzemagetsi michina, dzinoratidzwa kudhura uye guru kudyiwa simba.

The midziyo iri bhaira (kana boilers wandei) yakaderera vachimanikidzwa apo mvura iri dzikwanise mhute uye anoparadzanisa munyu pfungwa. Kuti vawane kunonyanyisa mvura yokunatsa midziyo kunoitwa nenzira anononoka reflux tembiricha. With nzira iyi, iyo inorema netsvina usapinda condensing distillate. Mumwe nzira nokuda achidzikisa mutengo ndiko kuwedzera kuwanda kwenhambwe, asi kugadzwa kwakadaro kunosanganisira rakakura kutanga pfuma.

DISTILLATION midziyo kuwedzera kudyiwa yakawanda simba ane anoyevedza ukoshi zvikamu zvose. Ipai yakakwirira kuchena zvinogona zvikwepa zvinodhura, mavharuvhu, kupisa exchangers, evaporators, akagadzirwa Goldstone kana Platinum. Nezvimwewo zviri kukodzera.

electrochemical nzira

The nzira ine mundima mvura kuburikidza yemagetsi munda, saka pane kuchinjwa yomunyu ions - cations anoparadzirwa nenzira iri cathode uye anions - kuti anode. The Hurongwa ane nezvikamu zvitatu, ayo aumba pachishandiswa cathode uye anode diaphragms. The medial mupanda iri mvura, wakagadzirirwa desalination.

Stream ari vakayambuka kugara Magetsi, apo Sorting chinoitika munyu panguva cathode uye anode diaphragm. Nzira iri anokosha chaizvo midziyo mutengo uye vachikanganisa magetsi, uye saka haana kupararira.

Ion Exchange

Chakavimbika kupfuura nzira, iyo zvinoitwa desalting mvura - Ion Exchange nzira. The yokungoita nouipi saizvozvi unokubvumira kuwana mvura pachena pfupi nguva, izvo zvinokosha maindasitiri desalination. Nzira ndiyo inonyanya mutengo inobudirira uye anopa nani rokutsvaira mugumisiro.

Nzira inobva kubviswa cations kubva mvura uye munyu anions, zvichiguma yokunatsa kunogona kuitwa kusiyanisa ukuru demineralization kusvikira apedzise nokubviswa munyu nevamiririri. Desalting mvura Ion mukutsinhana kunoitika pamwe kutora chikamu Ion exchangers izvo mvura-insoluble Polymers ine chinjwa Ion. Paakasikwa mamiriro wakagadzirirwa nokuda polymer ikasakendenga pamwe Ion Exchange munyu chete chiratidzo. Ukaiswa muimba aqueous ezvinhu Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti kuzvimba, kuwedzera kukura nokuda 1.5-2 nguva.

Nokufamba kwenguva ikaunganidzwa Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti ichiputswa munyu uye nekuumbanidzwa. Yakazara regenerated Ion exchangers, ichiteverwa dzavo kurapwa. Products zvinobva zvine Ion-Exchange Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti vari kunzi "eluates", ivo vanosanganisira munyu uye alkaline mhinduro. Vamwe vavo zvinokosha zvinhu saka anofanira kuraswa sezvo zvinokosha zvinoriumba.

neizvi osmosis

Technical mberi uye kutanga kuona Freshwater kwezvokudya kukonzera itsva mabikirwo desalination uye desalination. nzira Popular kumuka kurapwa achinje osmosis, izvozvo zvinoita rakavimbika kukura Kamudzira michina. Commercial mubereko anokonzerwa pfupi yakaderera simba rakawanda. Vazhinji mano musimboti ichi inoshandiswa wokunatswa rwizi mvura, izvo zvakava zvavo kunyatsoshanda kazhinji.

Nezvezvipfuwo kushandiswa miti nokuti desalination mvura, kwakavakirwa musimboti neizvi osmosis tiri dzakakodzera vaviri tichitarisa simba kuparadzwa, uye unhu hwake zvichizoita chigadzirwa. Nheyo neizvi osmosis mvura kwekuisa zvaoma kuburikidza Kamudzira inova impermeable kuti zvazvichanyungudutswa munyu uye nezvimwewo netsvina. Process desalination zvinopa chakaita zvokugadzirwa Semi-permeable membranes, izvo haune vamwe ichiputswa magasi nemvura (kuiisa chlorine, carbon dioxide uye zvichingodaro.).

neizvi osmosis nzira Unochenura mvura pakusachena zvose, pane demineralization wakakwana, inova kukuvadza muviri womunhu. Kazhinji, paavhareji murume ane kusarudza pakati pombi mvura kana zvakaipa pamwe achibatsirwa firita. Zvikanganiso zvakaipa ndiko mvura, isina zvose zvakasikwa ingredients.

Nhasi mune dzimwe nyika pane kare anosima kuti pagadzirwe mvura yokunwa, apo desalination kushandisa neizvi osmosis, uye sezvi- aftertreatment ndezvipi yakanyauka magasi. Kuti ape zvisingatomboiti, pedyo zvavari mabhizimisi munyika Yakanatswa mvura inowedzerwa zvakakodzera munyu wevasungwa rukasimbiswa.

Zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira huru nzira

Imwe neimwe nzira mvura desalination ane zvose zvakanaka nezvakaipa maitiro. Funga navo zvakadzama, unogona kuona vamwe vavo kupa kupfuura:

• Ion Exchange anobatsira kuwana yakaisvo-mvura, kuti hurongwa ndezvechokwadi uye akasaita kuti kutanga mwero mineralization emura, zvinoda zvishoma michina mari. desalting kwacho kunoitika nemutengo chokubuda varasikirwa. Zvazvakashatira nzira inosanganisira kukurumidza kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza pamwe anokuvadza makemikari, matunhu Mari reactants pachavo, gadziriro inova rakasviba nokukurumidza uye inoda hwekazhinji firita kutsiviwa. Tsvina uye Sefa zvikamu hwakazara nezvinetso.
• DISTILLATION. Installations nokuti desalting mvura inobva chafariz nzira inoshandiswa pasina kushandisa makemikoro kuratidza unhu hwakanaka zvichiguma mvura kwakaita panguva kushanda kupisa inogona kushandiswa zvimwe zvinangwa. The runoratidza nzira iyi mukana kubvisa zvazvichanyungudutswa magasi. Zvazvakashatira nzira dziri: yakakwirira simba mari, kudiwa kunorapwa mvura, mutengo nazvo chokugadza (kuchenesa zvikamu zvose), kudhura michina.
• Kamudzira hurongwa yakasiyana kusvika pakutanga ruggedness dzemvura pamusoro muitiro hakurevi makemikari, vari nyore kuramba. Negative unhu ndiwo: gadziriro remvura kurapwa kwacho, yakawanda mvura anoita mano, mukuru simba rakawanda, hunobata yokupedzisira chigadzirwa mutengo.

Desalting pamba

Water filtration - inonyanya kutengeka nzira post-pakurapwa. Desalting chegungwa kana tsime mvura pamba, pane kwakajairika nzira mbiri:

• A mudziyo mvura kuisa mukati furiza uye vanosiyira -oma kukwana. Munyu ane mugove emura yaita chando, chando Vanofanira uchanyangadika, uye kunogona kushandiswa pakarepo. Uchida ekunatswa zvaanofanira potsa namarudzi mvura kuburikidza veimba firita. Nzira inonzi chando DISTILLATION.
• Kusimuka kwemvura. Tora midziyo miviri yakasiyana saizi, yakadururirwa hombe remvura gungwa / munyu, yakaderera kuruboshwe chinhu uye akaisa yakafarikana mbiya. The yose mamiriro anogona kuiswa kuti kudziyisa mune ndiro kana kuruboshwe muzuva, pashure nokuvhara muvharo. Zvakafanira kuti vabudirire anonoke Kubika saltwater. Vakaroorana kunyimwa munyu, achaiswa kusimbiswa mota ndiyo chinhu. The kwemvura muzuva dzichayerera zvikuru zvishoma nezvishoma. In nzira iyi yava zvikuru shoma mvura yokunwa.

Desalination uye mvura desalination artisanal zvichibvira, asi murombo zvabuda. The zvakanakisisa kuita raizova kutenga imba kurapwa miti.

zvemumba kugadzwa

Nezvezvipfuwo kushandiswa kazhinji kuitwa hurongwa mvura yokunatsa. Water filtration anogona kuitwa nenzira dzakawanda:

• Nyore uye kupfuura inokwanisika - chake pamwe replaceable filters.
• The kamwene Sefa pamusoro kondo.
• Table sefa dzemvura dzinotakurika.
• Midzi maitiro, dzinoita kuchenesa mvura zvichienderana placement (chete mukicheni, iyo inosimbisa pfungwa mvura kupinda mumba, multistage mvura Sefa kucheneswa kubva mumatsime chitubu, uye zvichingodaro. D.).

Kana zvipfuwo hurongwa haagoni zvachose kubvisa munyu kubva mvura kupfavisa mvura zvakaoma asi unogona. Muchiitiko chino, unofanira kuziva chii zvinhu zviri yakazara vasarudze marongedzero mvura cartridges, filters kana reagents. Desalting muitiro kunoda uchitikurudzira midziyo, hombe nzvimbo kugadzwa, hombe zvemari mari uye Kuwanikwa sevhisi ino, izvo hakuna kuwanikwa-siyana yevatengi.

Marudzi Household Cleaning

Pari, zvinotevera mhando inowanzoshandiswa mvura kurapwa:

• Carbon filtration. The mudziyo uri mudziyo akazadzwa huni, marasha kana kusashanda. Mvura inoyerera kuburikidza Sefa, vakachenesa pamusoro kuiisa chlorine jikichira okunze, mishonga yokuuraya zvipembenene, tupukanana tusingaoneki, mabhakitiriya uye zvakafanana. D. The Sefa inowanika ngozi, Zvinokosha zvakaisvonaka uye nyore kushandisa.
• Fine okuchenesa. Izvi rworudzi Sefa rakakamurwa mhando mbiri - kuroorwa-nerevane multifunction. Nokuti chero kusarudza basa zvaida - dzose kuchinja cartridges mvura, kutsiva mavharuvhu nezvakadaro.
• Strainer. Anobvisa guru tudonhwe tsvina (jecha, ngura, sludge uye zvichingodaro.).
• Deep okuchenesa. By ichi Sefa mhando zvinosanganisira hurongwa pamwe neizvi osmosis, multi-chikuva filters, uye zvichingodaro.

Munzvimbo dzakawanda Russia zviri chete kunodiwa mamwe kuchenesa mvura, sezvo mvura zvinhu munyika iri zvakakwana. The chete nharaunda apo pangava kusava mvura yakachena - ndiye Crimea, apo, zvichida, dzinoda maindasitiri miti desalinate mvura mugungwa. All Namano yokuita kwemasayendisiti vari bvumidzwa. Desalination uye demineralization mvura kunofanira kuitwa kuti nesayenzi kwakavakirwa nzira pamwe zvakafanira pakuongororwa pasi mumarabhoritari ezvinhu.