Electrical simba - chii ichi? Development uye nezvinetso Russian magetsi

Industry chero nyika ine hombe siyana maindasitiri, akadai ouinjiniya kana magetsi. Ndiyo nzira iri kuumba akananga kunyika uye munyika dzakasiyana vangava dzokuAustralia zvakasiyana, zvichienderana zvikonzero zvakawanda, zvakadai zviwanikwa, kwezvinhu kukura, uye zvichingodaro. Nyaya iyi chinotarisa imwe inokosha chaizvo uye nokukurumidza kukura zvevakomana indasitiri - pamusoro Magetsi. Power indasitiri - a kwemauto kuti yave kutanga kwemakore akawanda akaramba, asi zviri mumakore achangopfuura, iye ave achishingaira ichifambira mberi, kufurira vanhu kuti vashandise dzimwe zvakatipoteredza noushamwari simba zvinyorwa.

Chii?

Saka, zviri kutanga zvakakodzera kunzwisisa chii zvose zviri indasitiri iyi. Electric simba - ndiro simba nokupesana, riri kukonzera kugadzirwa, nokuparadzirwa, hutachiwana uye kutengesa magetsi ari. Pakati pezvimwe matavi bhora iyi Magetsi indasitiri ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa uye dzakawanda kubva nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana. Somuenzaniso, pamusana yakafara nokuparadzirwa, mukana wayo kuchinjirwa pamusoro refu kuti pfupi zvinoita nguva zvikamu, uyewo nokuda kwayo pakawanda - zvemagetsi simba hapana dambudziko kana zvakakodzera kuva vezvimwe simba akadai kupisa, chiedza, zvemakemikari uye saka pamusoro. Saka kukura indasitiri anoteerera zvikuru hurumende yenyika masimba. Electric simba - chiri indasitiri iro remangwana. Ndizvo vanhu vazhinji vanofunga, uye ndicho chikonzero uchifanira kuverenga mamwe mashoko nezvazvo uchishandisa nyaya ino.

simba rudzi Progress

Saka unogona kunzwisisa kuti zvinokosha zvikuru kuti nyika, kuti bhizimisi, zvakakodzera kutarisa sei simba indasitiri ndiye kukura munhoroondo yose ivepo. Pakarepo zvinokosha kuziva kuti kugadzirwa magetsi unoratidzwa mabhiriyoni kilowatt maawa. Muna 1890, apo magetsi yakanga ichangotanga kutanga, kubereka kilowatt / maawa mabhiriyoni mapfumbamwe. Big kusvetuka yakaitika muna 1950, apo akaita kwerinopfuura kazana magetsi. Kubvira ipapo, budiriro yave hofori kufambira mberi - mumwe gumi akawedzerwa kubva zvishoma mabhiriyoni zviuru KW / h. Somugumisiro, kubudikidza 2013 nyika masimba akaitwa uwandu 23,127 tiririyoni KW / h - Zvaifadza mufananidzo kuti kuramba vachiwedzera ose gore. To musi, vakawanda magetsi rakapiwa China uye United States of America - nyika mbiri idzi dzine zvikuru dzakabudirira magetsi indasitiri. China chinoita 23 muzana magetsi zvose zvakapararira munyika, uye US mugove - 18 muzana. Vari anoteverwa Japan, Russia uye India - neimwe nyika idzi ine kanenge mana nguva mugove diki pose magetsi kugadzirwa. Zvakanaka, zvino nemiwo muzive mukuru nzvimbo yacho magetsi - yava nguva kuenda mhando chaiyo maindasitiri.

chafariz simba chizvarwa

Unotoziva kuti magetsi - ndiye simba zvekutepfenyura, uye simba pacharo, akavapindurawo, ari bazi indasitiri rose. Zvisinei, branching haasi kugumira ipapo - magetsi, pane zvakawanda marudzi, vamwe vacho zvakajairika chaizvo uye kushandiswa, vamwe havana dzakakurumbira kudaro. Pane nzira Magetsi maindasitiri, iyo inoshandisa unconventional nzira kuti vabudirire pamwero mukuru magetsi kurimwa tisingazvikuvadzi zvakatipoteredza, uyewo neutralization akaipa zviri nemakwenzi. Asi zvinhu zvokutanga pakutanga.

Danho rokutanga kutaura pamusoro chafariz simba zvekutepfenyura, zvachiri ndicho uye aizivikanwa pose. Sei magetsi nenzira iyi? Mumwe anogona kufungidzira nyore kuti iyi nyaya pane chafariz simba nokutendeuka kupinda zvemagetsi uye kupisa inotengwa nomoto rinochiwedzera siyana. Combined kupisa uye simba kunogona kuwanikwa munyika dzinenge dzose - ndiwo kupfuura nyore uye zvakakunakira muitiro mvumo yakawanda simba panguva yakaderera mutengo. Zvisinei, zviri izvi uye chimwe chezvinhu zvinokuvadza nharaunda. Chokutanga, kuti vaunze magetsi vachishandisa Tourism, iyo nokusingaperi anosimbiswa igume. Chechipiri, combustion zvigadzirwa vanosunungurwa mumhepo, nomuchetura nayo. Ndokusaka pane dzimwe nzira generating magetsi. Zvisinei, izvi handizvo zvose zvetsika magetsi - kune vamwe, uye ipapo tichakurukura pavo.

Renyukireya simba Indasitiri

Sezvaiitwa yapfuura nyaya, kana tichifunga renyukireya simba indasitiri vangadzidza zvakawanda kubva rokuremekedza. Power kuchizvarwa iyi inogadzirwa zvenyukireya reactors, apo kukamurwa maatomu vavo kupesana cores - somugumisiro zviito izvi anowanikwa guru achine simba riri ipapo kuva magetsi. Kunenge kuti munhu anoziva kuti ichi ndicho chinonyanya kuchengeteka magetsi. Industry, kwete ose nyika ine vayowo kugadzirwa munyika zvenyukireya magetsi. Chero leakage ane reactor akadaro angaita kuti nemafashamo nemigumisiro - zvakakwana kuyeuka paChernobyl, uyewo chiitiko kuJapan. Zvisinei, munguva pfupi yapfuura, nyika kuchengeteka kupiwa zvakawanda nezvayo, saka simba renyukireya miti yakavakwa ramangwana.

hydropower

Imwe nzira yakakurumbira kugadzira magetsi ndiko kuwana kubva mumvura. Izvi kunoitika muna Hydroelectric simba pazviteshi, hazvina haatarisiri ngozi maitiro fission mabhomba neerekitironi chero kana kukuvadza mhoteredzo mafuta kutsva, asi anewo zvazvakanakira. Chekutanga, zviri kutyora rwokuzvarwa chekubuda nzizi - Vakavaka mai, naro anosika mvura zvakakodzera kuti turbines, uye nokudaro kugamuchira simba. Kakawanda, nokuda kuvakwa madhamu vakapedzwa uye nzizi, madhamu uye dzimwe dzinongoitika mvura dura kufa, saka haugoni kuti ichi ndicho kusarudza wakakwana nokuda ichi simba zvekutepfenyura. Saizvozvowo, makambani akawanda Magetsi havasi kurapwa nezvaiitwa uye dzimwe mhando simba chizvarwa.

nzira simba

Alternative simba Zera - iri muunganidzwa mhando magetsi, kunze chinyakare kunyanya chokuti havafaniri zvinoda kushandisa imwe mhando zvakaipa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye havasi pasi hapana mungozi. Tiri kutaura rehydrogen, naTidhari, wave nezvimwe mhando dzakawanda. Vakawanda izvi imhepo uye zuva simba. Kuti kusimbisa - vakawanda vanodavira kuti ndiyo kwavari remangwana indasitiri. Chii ndiwo kwemarudzi izvi?

Wind simba - ndiko kuwana magetsi kubva mhepo. Muminda mahwindimiri dzinovakwa, izvo vakarongeka chaizvo uye anobvumira simba haasi zvikuru kupfuura nzira pamusoro apa, asi nekuda kuitwa mhepo turbines vanoda mhepo chete. Chokwadi, zvakaipira nzira iyi kuti mhepo - ichi ndicho chinhu usingarevi muchamanikidza, asi vatsvakurudzi kushanda kuvandudza functionality pamusoro mahwindimiri ano. Kana zuva simba, pane magetsi rakabva chezuva. Sezvakaita wambotaurwa maonero, panewo vanofanira kushanda kuwedzera kuchengetera vanokwanisa sezuva rinopenya haisi nguva dzose - kana kunyange kana mamiriro ekunze ari risina makore, chero zvazvingava, pane imwe nguva kunouya usiku apo gwenya ukomba havagoni kubereka magetsi.

simba hutachiwana

Zvakanaka, zvino iwe Zvisinei kuziva mhando dzose huru simba chizvarwa,, sezvo unogona kunzwisisa kubva tsanangudzo magetsi, kuwana zvose hakungoitwi. The simba zvakakodzera wokushandura uye kuparadzira. Saka, Magetsi riri chinopfuudzwa pamusoro simba mitsetse. Izvi esimbi conductors kuti pave guru magetsi samambure munyika yose. Kwekutanga panhongonya mitsetse zvinowanzoshandiswa - ndivo unogona kuona munzira, akandwe kubva mbiru imwe. Munguva ichangopfuura, Zvisinei, kuwedzera kukurumbira Wana wire Rwonzi vakaisa pevhu.

Nhoroondo kukura Russian Magetsi indasitiri

Russian Magetsi indasitiri yakatanga kuva panguva, uye apo nyika - muna 1981, apo nokupfuuridzirwa Magetsi kwave vakabudirira chinozoiswa kokutanga ari anenge mazana maviri makiromita. Chinhu chaicho pre-echimurenga Russian Magetsi indasitiri kwave kusimba underdeveloped - wegore goho kuti magetsi ari nyika yakadaro yakakura bhiriyoni 1.9 chete KW / h. Kana chimurenga kwakaitika, Vladimir Ilich Lenin akataura kuti Russia magetsi plan, iyo Implementation chakabva chatangwa. Nechekare ne 1931, akabereka hurongwa yave aurayiwa, asi mwero pakukura kwave zvokuti chaizvo kuti muna 1935, zano rakanga kupfuura katatu. Pamusana nadzurudzo iyi kare 1940, wepagore magetsi goho muRussia yakasvika mabhiriyoni 50 KW / h, inova maviri kashanu kupfuura pamberi chimurenga. Zvinosuruvarisa zvinoshamisa mberi kwave kwedzimwe nyika Second World War, zvisinei, yangopedzwa akapora, uye 1950, Soviet Union vakakwidza mabhiriyoni 90 kWh / h, yaiva anenge gumi muzana zvinonyatsorehwa magetsi chizvarwa munyika yose. Pakazosvika makore sixties, Soviet Union akasvika panzvimbo yechipiri munyika simba chizvarwa, uye wechipiri chete kuUnited States. Zvinhu zvakaramba panguva iyoyo yakakwirira yakati sandara kusvikira pokuwa USSR, apo Magetsi akanga asiri oga indasitiri anenge atambura zvikuru pamusana chiitiko ichi. New Law musi Electricity, umo mumakumi emakore anotevera anofanira kukurumidza kukura maindasitiri iyi Russia yakanga yakasainwa muna 2003. Uye nyika iri Zvechokwadi kufamba iyoyo. Asi chimwe chinhu - kusaina Mutemo musi Electricity, uye ndeimwewo - ezvidzidzo nayo. Izvi ndizvo huchakurukurwa. Munoziva chii nhasi pane zvinetso Magetsi maindasitiri weRussia, uye izvo zvichashandiswa kusarudzwa nenzira kuagadzirisa.

Zvakawandisa Magetsi rudzi vanokwanisa

Russian Magetsi indasitiri ari nani zvikuru mamiriro pane makore gumi apfuura, saka tinogona zvakachengeteka kutaura kuti mberi. Zvisinei, pane imwe ichangobva simba Forum vaiva chikuru zvinetso bhizimisi munyika. Uye wokutanga wavo - the nderwevaya dzemagetsi rudzi okuita, iyo anokonzerwa vakawanda yakaderera inokwana simba miti kuvakwa muSoviet Union pane kuvaka vashomanana kumusoro simba zvinomera. Vose nhepfenyuro idzi vachiri vanofanira kuramba, saka vaviri kubva ezvinhu. Chokutanga - ndiro goho vanokwanisa hwokushanda. pfungwa iyi yaizova akakwana kana kwete guru mari chirongwa chakadai. Naizvozvo, Russia chinowanzoitika kufamba nenzira iri goho rechipiri kuwedzera kudyiwa.

Import kuzvitsinhanisa

Pashure pakatanga nechokumadokero nhepfenyuro Russian indasitiri ari chaizvo ainzwa kuvimba kwavo pamusoro dzimwe zvokushandisa - ichi sei zvikuru magetsi zvekutepfenyura, apo vanenge hapana ano pazvinoitwa yose muitiro okuwana zvimwe emagetsi kutora nzvimbo bedzi munharaunda yacho Russian Federation. Saizvozvowo, Hurumende anoronga kuwedzera kugadzirwa vanokwanisa mugwara, kudzora nzvimbo yavo uye edza napo ndeyokubvisa kuvimba kupinzwa.

mhepo yakachena

Chinetso ndechokuti ano makambani Russian kushanda ari magetsi zvekutepfenyura iri chaizvo zvikuru kusvibisa mhepo. Zvisinei, Bazi Environment of Russian Federation kusimbisa mitemo uye hwakawedzera unganidza fines kuti kutyorwa. Zvinosuruvarisa makambani kuti vanotambura hazvina kuronga kuedza optimize kugadzirwa kwavo - kunze vanokandira ose ehondo kuti achapwanya nhamba "munyoro", uye zvinoda zvigadziriswe mutemo.

mabhiriyoni chikwereti

Pari, zvachose chikwereti magetsi vanoshandisa mhiri Russia anenge mabhiriyoni 460 rubles Russian. Chokwadi, kana nyika vaiva kurasa mari yose kuti iye chikwereti kubva, iye rwaizovapo nokukurumidza zvikuru kudarika magetsi. Naizvozvo, hurumende anoronga toughen yacho vairangwa kunonoka kuripwa magetsi zvikwereti, uye vanozokumbira vaya vasingadi kubhadhara mari mune ramangwana, gadza pachavo rezuva ukomba hwawo uye simba nerubatsiro pacharo tisingatungamirirwi.

yaidzorwa musika

The chikuru dambudziko wechipfuwo simba indasitiri - pamusika izere adjustability. Munyika European, murau simba musika ranyura chose ndisipo, apo pane makwikwi chaicho, saka indasitiri iri kukura nokukurumidza. mitemo uye mutemo zvose izvi kuchidzivisa zvikuru kukura uye sezvo pamusana Russian Federation ava kutobuda vanotenga magetsi kubva Finland, uko musika kunonyanya unregulated. The chete dambudziko iri - yezwi vakasununguka kumusika womuenzaniso uye kuramba murau zvakakwana.