Ebola virus. Omsk hemorrhagic fever

Inogona kunzi hutsinye hutsinye hwekuguma kwekuti vanhu vakabuda muAfrica yeAfrica uye zvirwere zvinotyisa, zvisingagoni kurapwa seAIDS uye neAIDS. Kunyange zvazvo inofungidzirwa kuti kwete kungoita chete asiwo kupindira kwerimwe rutivi rwemasayendisiti avo vaida kugadzira zvombo zvitsva zvebhakitiriya zvakavabatsira kuti vaone, asi chokwadi chinoramba chiri kuti ivo zvirwere zvinouraya. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, chinhu chimwe bedzi chinofadza: Ebola chirwere, kusiyana neAIDS, hachina kupararira kune dzimwe makondinendi. Kwenguva yokutanga yakawanikwa muzvitunha zvemaoko makuru (pamwe neAIDS) uye mamwe antelope muna 1976.

Ichi chirwere chinotyisa ndiye muurayi wemuviri womunhu pane subcellular level. Kuparadza kwayo kunosvika 90%. Masayendisiti haasati agadzirisa kuti vanhu vanogona sei kurarama mushure maro. Pane pfungwa yokuti chirwere ichi chakapfuura matanho akasiyana-siyana ekutsvakurudza kwesayenzi uye pashure pekunge "yakasunungurwa kune rusununguko". Zvingave zvakadaro kana kuti kwete, hazvigoneki kuti tichazomboziva, kunyange zvazvo zvichishamisa kwazvo, zvinopararira kupfuura Africa, sezvakaitika neHIV (AIDS). Zvinotendwa kuti hutachiona hweEbola hauna kupararira zvakanyanya nekuda kwechikonzero kuti inenge isisina nguva yechirwere apo murwere, uyo anotakura chirwere chacho, haazive pamusoro pekuvapo kwazvo uye anoparadzira zvinokonzera kukanganisa kwechirwere ichi chaipo.

Munhu ane hutachiona anokurumidza kudzidza nezvechirwere ichi, asi kunyange muhupo hwekurapa mune dzimwe nguva, anokurumidza kufa. Utachiona hunoita kuti chirwere ichi chisakanganise. Anonzwa akanakidza zvose muhupenyu hwevanhu uye muvakafa. Ebola chirwere ndeyemhuri ye filoviruses (Filoviridae) uye yakabatanidzwa mumarudzi mashanu akasiyana: Sudan, Zaire, Côte d'Ivoire, Bundibugjo, Reston. Ivo vanonzi vakadaro munzvimbo umo kuputika kukuru kwechirwere kuchiitika. Dambudziko guru rezvirwere zvinosanganiswa nemhando dzakadaro dzakadai seSudan, Zaire, Bundibugyo.

Ebola chirwere chinokonzera chirwere chinokonzerwa nemhepo inopisa. Utachiona hunoitika nekubatana zvakananga nemakumbo, ropa, nhengo uye matukisi echinhu chinotapukirwa. Nzira yakakurumbira yekutapukirwa ndeyokudya zvakasvibiswa nehutachiona. Dambudziko rakanyanya kuAfrica kushayikwa munyika dzakawanda dzenzvimbo yekudzivirira uye kushambidza kwemvura. Zvigadzirwa zvehupenyu hwehupenyu zvinowanzochengetedzwa uye zvinoshandiswa kufesa minda, uye hutachiona, huri mumhepo, inopararira zvakasununguka munzvimbo dzakawanda zvikuru. Imwe dambudziko kune vagari venyika ndiyo inopinda mumvura inopinda mumigezi uye matsime, umo vanhu nemhuka zvinodya mvura.

Chirwere ichi chinogona kuratidzwa nekubuda ropa uye mukati. Iyo inoratidzirwa nehupamhi hwehutachiona, huthu uye hutumbu hwemitsipa, simba rakasimba. Kazhinji iri pamwe nekururuwa, kurutsira, kuputika, kusagadzikana kushanda kwechiropa netsvo. Hapana hunobudirira hwehutano hwechirwere ichi. Vanachiremba vanowanzowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma mamiriro ekurapa, kubvisa zvimwe zvezviratidzo zvinotevera.

Zvinosuruvarisa, muRussia, zvirwere zvakakomba zvehutachiona zvinowanzoitika. Izvi zvinosanganisira, semuenzaniso, Omsk haemorrhagic fever. Mavara ehutachiona ehutachiona akaonekwa munzvimbo dzakawanda: Omsk, Tyumen, Novosibirsk, Kurgan, Orenburg. Zvinokonzera chirwere zvakasimbiswa nekuzviparadzanisa kubva muropa revanhu vane utachiona uye ixodid mite virusi yakasvikidzwa nekate-borne encephalitis. Iyo ndeyerudzi rweFlavivirus yemhuri yaTogaviridae. Mhedzisiro yakakosha yehutachiona ndiwo makonzo emvura, mvurafowl. Kumunhu , hutachiona hunopinda nepamukoko ixodid Dermacentor marginatus uye pictus panguva yekurira kwavo. Hazvisi zvachose kuti vanhu vanotapukirwa nekuwana mvura kubva kune mhuka dzinotapukira kuburikidza nemavanga ari paganda uye mucous membrane apo vachigadzira hombodo, kushamba mumvura, uyewo nekudya nemvura. Chirwere ichi chakanyorwa kubva munaApril kusvika munaSeptember, ine chikwata munaMay naAugust.

Nguva yekudzivirira nguva yehutachiwana mazuva maviri kusvika ku12. Chirwere chacho chinotanga kuoma ne 40 ° C fever, chills, kuputika kwechiso, musoro, injection ye sclera. Uturu hwematumbo hunoonekwa mumisungo, kunyanya mumakumbo uye kumashure. Iyo yekutonhora yakakwirira inochengetwa kwemazuva 3-4, zvino inoderera uye inosvika kuhutano hwemazuva gumi nemazuva gumi nemaviri. Vakawanda vanorwara vane 2 mafungu efivhiri ane zviratidzo zvose, kunyange zvazvo zvisiri zvishoma. Kubvira pamazuva okutanga echirwere pano kune kubuda ropa (kazhinji kazhinji kumeso). Anenge chikamu chetatu chevatachiona vanokurudzira pyumonia pyumonia.

Kuongororwa kwakavakirwa pane epidemiological anamnesis, serological examination uye kliniki yemifananidzo. Varwere vakabva vapinda muchipatara. Kurapa kunoitwa pamwe nekubatsirwa ne-detoxification therapy, calcium chloride, vitamini K, ascorbic acid, glucocorticoids. Serum kana immunoglobulin yevanhu vane chirwere ichi chinowanzoshandiswa. Mafungiro ekudzosa kazhinji anogamuchirwa. Mune varwere vane fevri, kune hutachiona hunogara huripo hwehutachiona.

Kudzivirira kunoshandiswa mukuvandudza hutano hwechirwere (kurongeka kunogadziriswa kwemhuka dzegungwa - zvinokonzerwa noutachiona). Muchikamu chechirwere, kuzvidzora, zvipfeko zvekudzivirira, kuongororwa kwekuona uye kuparadzwa kwetikiti zvinoshandiswa. Kana nharaunda inowanikwa, munhu anorwara an immunoprophylaxis ne serum kubva muropa revanhu vakapora.