Economy of North Korea: tsananguro uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

The DPRK hurumende yakati kuti munyika yavo paradhiso chaiyo: zvose anofara, yakasimbiswa uye chivimbo nezveremangwana. Asi vapoteri vaibva North Korea anorondedzera wakasiyana chaichoicho, nyika apo ndine kurarama havakwanisi dzevanhu, pasina chinangwa uye sarudzo. upfumi North Korea kuti nguva yakanga dambudziko. Bhuku zvichakurukurwa pachiratidzo zvoupfumi munyika.

mamiriro

The North upfumi Korean ane nhatu dzakasiyana zvinhu. Chekutanga, rinomiririra murayiro wakadaro umo zvinhu zviri centralized kugovera. Izvi mhando youpfumi rinonzi purogiramu. Chechipiri, zvinhu zvinoshandiswa vadzivirire zvinobvira kutyisidzira kuti anogona kuparadza kuvimbika nyika. kushandiswa ichi anonzi nekuunganidza upfumi. Uye Chechitatu, anotungamirirwa nenheyo gutsaruzhinji, kureva, kururamisira uye kuenzana.

Kubva ichi zvinoitika kuti emari North Korea - a vakaronga kuunganidza upfumi ane mugovanisi nyika. mamiriro ichi ndiyo akavharwa munyika, uyewo 60-ies zviri DPRK haana kuudza zvoupfumi Nhamba nedzimwe nyika, zvino chii chinoitika kunze nemiganhu yayo, tinogona chete zvokufungidzira.

The nyika asina kupfuura akanaka ezvinhu okunze, saka kune kuperevedza kwezvokudya. Maererano nenyanzvi, vagari vari pasi urombo mutsetse, muna 2000 chete, nzara akarega kuva dambudziko renyika kukosha. Muna 2011, North Korea iri 197th nzvimbo munyika tichitarisa vanotenga simba.

Nokuda mutemo emuchiuto uye nationalist nokukurumidza mamiriro dzematongerwe youpfumi Kim Il Sung nokuda kwenguva refu akaramba ari doldrums. Chete pakasvika Kim Jong-Un vakanga vawedzera itsva musika vaifarira kuchinja uye akamutsa nemararamiro, asi zvinhu zvokutanga pakutanga.

Upfumi yepashure pehondo

In yechipiri yezana 20-ies ose XX remakore, Korea akatanga kuva chicherwa deposits kuchamhembe kwenyika, chakanga chikonzero kuwedzera kwevanhu. It rakamira panopera Hondo Yenyika II. Korea zvino muzvikamu zviviri: rwezasi akanga ceded kuUnited States uye North akauya pasi pokutonga Soviet. Kupesana uku chagumbura chinhu kusaenzana rwokuzvarwa uye kwevanhu zviwanikwa. Saka, kuchamhembe kwayo pfungwa simba maindasitiri kwaniso, uye kumaodzanyemba - unorema kubasa.

Pashure paumbwe DPRK uye okuguma Korean War (1950-1953) emari North Korea akatanga kuchinja. It airambidzwa wokuita entrepreneurial basa, uye vakapinda kushandiswa kadhi hurongwa. Zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti kutengesa zvirimwa pamusoro pamisika, uye misika pachavo zvave zvikuru kazhinji.

Mumakore 70 zviremera akatanga kutevera mutemo zvoupfumi mazuvaano. In rinorema indasitiri, michina mitsva dzakanga dzatangwa. Nyika akatanga kupa nyika kumusika zvicherwa uye mafuta. Muna 1979, North Korea kare akakwanisa kufukidza ayo kwokunze zvikwereti. Asi default akatanga muna 1980 munyika.

Maviri emakore ane dambudziko

Economy of North Korea, mune pfupi, mukundikani wakakwana. Kudiwa zvigadzirwa shoma zvikuru, asi nekuda dambudziko mafuta enyika akataura kusauka. Muna 1986 chikwereti kwokunze kunyika-vatsigiri aiva zvinopfuura mabhiriyoni 3 madhora, uye kubudikidza 2000 anopfuura mabhiriyoni 11 chikwereti. The yakatenuka zvoupfumi vachida inorema bhizimisi uye mauto ano, ari voga renyika uye kushaya mari vava zvinhu kuchidzivisa kukura kwoupfumi.

Kugadzirisa dambudziko, muna 82 vakasuwa kwakasarudzwa kuti pave upfumi idzva, hwaro rakanga kuva kukura zvokurima uye kwezvivako (kunyanya simba). 2 Makore akazotevera wakapfuura murairo pamusoro seboka emakambani, izvo zvakabatsira kuti akwezve wokumwe inivhesitimendi. 1991 aizivikanwa nokuumba zvoupfumi mapazi chaiwo. Kunyange yakaoma, asi mari yakafukidza ikoko.

The dzidziso pamusoro Juche

Kunyanya kukanganisa upfumi kukura ehurumende akanga Juche dzidziso. mhando iyi maererano pfungwa, MarxismLeninism uye Maoism. Its chikuru mbuva kukanganisa upfumi, vaiva sezvinotevera:

• Revolution - inzira vabudirire yokugutsikana;
• chinhu zvinoreva kurega chimurenga;
• kuchengetedza ehurumende vanofanira kushongedzera vose vanhu, kuti nyika yachinja kuva nhare;
• kwechokwadi nemaonero pokuchinja inobva kunzwa kwerudo kuvimbika kune mutungamiri.

Chokwadi ichi ndicho anochengeta emari North Korea. Unorema zvinhu kutungamirirwa kukura hondo, uye vanosara mari vari haawanzotauri zvakakwana kuponesa vanhu vasafa nenzara. Uye mamiriro ichi, mupanduki, hakuna achakutorerai.

Matambudziko 90s

Pashure Hondo Yemashoko, Soviet Union yakaguma kutsigira North Korea. upfumi munyika Haasisina ichishanduka uye yakapararawo. Korea kurega kutsigira uye China, uye akabatana njodzi inoenda ndechokuti nzara munyika. Maererano nenyanzvi, nzara yakauraya 600 zviuru vanhu. Kamwe pazuva pokugadzwa pakuenzanisa urongwa kwakakundikana. Inosimudzira kwezvokudya, simba dambudziko rakaputika somugumisiro - kurega maindasitiri mazhinji.

Upfumi remakore rechi21

Vakauya simba Kim Chen vaIri, upfumi munyika zvishoma "vakafara". Hurumende wakaitwa mutsva pamusika kuchinja, vakawedzera uwandu Chinese mubhizimisi (US $ 200 miriyoni muna 2004). Nokuda dambudziko 90-ies muna DPRK kwakapararira Semi-pamutemo kutengeswa, asi vakuru vakuru vakanga vasina vakaedza, kunyange nhasi, munyika pane "kumisika vatema" uye nechitsotsi kwenhumbi.

Muna 2009, imwe kuedza kuita mari kuchinja kwave vakaedza kusimbisa vakaronga upfumi, asi somugumisiro nyika wakamutswa zvikuru padanho mitengo, uye zvimwe zvinhu mitengo zvinokosha zvakatanga kunetsa.

Panguva iyoyo, 2011, pakuenzanisa vachibhadhara ari DPRK pakupedzisira akatanga kuratidza dimikira ine ndinoiitawo chiratidzo, pesvedzero inobatsira hurumende papfuma ane dzimwe kutengeserana. Saka worudzii upfumi munyika North Korea nhasi?

vakaronga upfumi

Chokwadi kuti zvose zvinhu panguva dzinoshandiswa hurumende, inonzi murayiro upfumi. North Korea ndeimwe mugovanisi nyika, apo zvose ndohwaJehovha hurumende. Kureva, unozvitaura nyaya kugadzirwa, kupinzwa uye kunze kwenyika.

Command upfumi North Korea rinotarisirwa waidzora uwandu kugadzirwa zvinhu uye Pricing. Hurumende zvaanosarudza, kwete kunobva chaiyo zvinodiwa vokuparidzira, uye akatungamirira yekuronga nemifananidzo dzinokurukurwa Statistical mishumo. Hapana pachisara nhumbi, sezvo zvisingaiti uye uneconomical, izvo hurumende inogona havazvikwanisi. Asi kazhinji unogona kusangana yokushomeka zvinokosha zvinhu, maererano ndakajeka misika pamutemo, uye pamwechete navo, uye uori.

Sei yazara coffers?

North Korea bedzi achangotanga kubuda kubva dambudziko, pasi urombo mutsetse uri ¼ vokuparidzira ndakanzwa rikwanise pokushomeka kwezvokudya. Uye kana tikaenzanisa upfumi North neSouth Korea, iyo achikwikwidza pamwe Japan iri kugadzirwa humanoid marobhoti, rekutanga Zvechokwadi lagging mumashure kukura. Kunyange zvakadaro, hurumende yakazviwanira nzira rokuzadza chezvipo;

• ekisipoti zvicherwa, zvombo, Textiles, zvokurima zvigadzirwa, coking marasha, midziyo, zvirimwa;
• achinatsa indasitiri;
• yakasimbiswa zvokutengeserana ukama China (90% turnover);
• private mabhizimisi mitero, nokuti kutengeserana ose apera entrepreneur unoripa mamiriro 50% mari;
• kusikwa wezvokutengeserana zvikamu.

Kaesong - wezvokutengeserana uye mumaindasitiri paka

Pamwechete Republic of Korea chakatangwa vanonzi maindasitiri park, apo pane mapoka 15. Munzvimbo ino ine vanopfuura zviuru 50 North vokuKorea, mari yavo iri kusvika 2 nguva kupfuura munharaunda veko wehurumende. The maindasitiri paka kunobatsira mativi: South Korea aivigirwa rakapera zvigadzirwa, uye North ane mukana wakanaka muzadze coffers hurumende.

Dandong guta

Saizvozvowo, makasimbiswa Rara China, chete muchiitiko ichi anoita se ichidzivirira wezvokutengeserana haisi muindasitiri mapazi, uye Chinese guta Dandong, apo achisimudzira kuti kutengesa. Zvino izere North Korean wezvokutengeserana mumiririri. Tengesai zvigadzirwa Masangano haagoni chete, asi munhu vamiririri.

Great chinodikanwa zvomugungwa. In Dandong pane inonzi Mafia Fish: kutengesa zvomugungwa, unofanira kubhadhara mitero yakakwirira zvakakwana, asi kunyange zvakadaro Anoshandura purofiti akanaka. Chokwadi pane daredevils avo yokupinza zvomugungwa zvisiri pamutemo, asi nokuda kwokuoma zvirango pavo anowana duku ose gore.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

North Korea hunotsigirwa dzimwe zvokutengeserana, chinhu zvazvisingarambiki chokwadi. Asi upfumi pane dzimwe pfungwa dzinonakidza, vamwe vavo hazvigoni kuparadzaniswa zvematongerwo enyika.

Saka, munyika mune 16 yechibharo ndokumisa pahwaro of Gulag. Ivo vanoita mabasa maviri: chirango matsotsi uye kupa pachena basa. Sezvo nyika ine nheyo "chirango zvizvarwa zvitatu", dzimwe mhuri vanopedza upenyu hwavo hwose mumisasa.

In nguva zvoupfumi kuderera munyika wotunga inishuwarenzi uori, uye panguva renyika dzakawanda, nokuti iyo hurumende rave sued nezvaidiwa kudzoka inishuwarenzi kubhadhara.

Zvakange akadzima panguva pakuguma 70s ehurumende chindingindingi pamusoro dzimwe kutengeserana. Panyaya iyi, pamusika dzakawanda vaigona kurega, munhu, kunyoresa imwe zvokutengeserana kambani chaiyo.

Munguva yokutambudzika, chikuru mari ndiwo zvokudya, zvinogona vaipanana chinhu.

April 1, 1974 mitero, asi hazvina chokuita private Entrepreneurs vakanga akabvisa.

upfumi North Korea ndiro nzvimbo yokutanga munyika vanogona kutora pamusoro mwero pedyo kunze nyika.

upfumi munyika ndiyo zvakawanda Makwanza zvichiri, vagari vari kuedza tama chero mukana, uye zvinhu zvichiri kusiya makadhi kutsiva mari. Pinda mundima mamiriro zvisingaiti, uye zvose chinooneka zvikamu vashanyi anganzi chinokosha, muenzaniso wakanaka kundima. Nyika hunorasika fungidziro, chii chaizvoizvo zviri kuitika North Korea, asi upfumi munyika inokwira uye zvichida makore gumi gare gare North Korea achava pamusoro chete pamwero zvoupfumi nevavakidzani vayo.