Emergency yomuzvarirwo hunhu: mienzaniso. Kupatsanura pakati yedambudziko

Emergency mamiriro ezvinhu inozivikanwa se inenjodzi richikunda neimwe nzvimbo. The Chikonzero parinowanika unogona kuva nenjodzi nevanhu, kunoparadza dzinongoitika zviitiko kana zvimwe zvinhu kuti kukanganisa vanhu taisireva. Zvichinyanya kushanda mazuva ano pane dambudziko nenjodzi zvoutachiona zviwanikwa zvenyika.

tsananguro

In paumbwe kwakadai njodzi munzvimbo upenyu hwevanhu, kuvapo pezvipfuwo uye zvirimwa vakafumura kuti guva ngozi, nokuparadza zvokurarama nazvo uye mabasa.

Manyuko zvoutachiona hunhu dzenjodzi ezvinhu marudzi kazhinji akasiyana nezvirwere zvinotapukira. Kana paine kukwana richiona nezvezvabuda pakuparadzirwa utachiwana kana anononoka nokutora kubvisa chirwere matanho mapazi zvichava zvishoma nezvishoma chokuwedzera, zvinoreva zvichava utachiona zvakawanda zvinenge.

nyaya

Panguva kuvapo vanhu paiva mienzaniso yakawanda nekukuvara utachiona hunokonzera zvirwere, kuMiddle Ages, denda kudzimwa anenge maviri-muzvitatu vokuEurope, uye pakutanga ramakumi remakore, chibhokisi chakauraya upenyu kupfuura mbiri dzenyika. Gore negore pane mhando itsva ngozi yevanhu zvirwere, uye vamwe vavo, masayendisiti kukwanisa kukunda: HIV, chirwere cheLyme, etc ...

MuRussia, ziva matambudziko, dziviriro uye liquidation dzenjodzi ezvinhu akadai zvipenyu basa kuBazi utano zvichiongororwa, zvipatara uye nechimbichimbi basa.

Marudzi kurongerwa. njodzi yakaitwa

Njodzi dzinoiswa zvichienderana kunobva mavambo. Nhasi akasarudza govera marudzi anotevera:

1. Manmade.
2. Environmental.
3. Natural.

Emergency nevanhu, kureva, kwakaitika panguva maindasitiri, simba uye zvimwe zvinhu. Its chikuru chinhu - yaiva tsaona.

Kakawanda njodzi kunokonzerwa kukanganisa kwevanhu kana kushandisa zvisina kufanira kugadzirwa michina:

• yemotokari, mutsaona yendege, zvitima, mvura zvifambiso;
• moto mukuvaka dzinogarwa uye maindasitiri zvivako;
• tsaona chete ejection kukanganisa kwemakemikari uye radioactive zvinhu;
• pakudhirika kwezvivako;
• breakages, kukuvara simba nehurongwa;
• tsaona panguva zvaiita zvivako basa nechouviri ari munhu (budiriro sewerage, mvura, kudziyisa kure, disruptions mu gasi wedzerai);
• dhamu zororo.

All njodzi murume-akaita kuitika nemhaka rwakakwana cherechedzo kana hanya kushanda kana kuchengeteka zvinodiwa maindasitiri nzvimbo kana hurongwa.

Environmental akaipisisa

Kwezviuru zvemakore vanhu kwave kuedza kupingudza munyika, kuisa zvisikwa pabasa zvavanoda, izvo kazhinji ane kunoparadza kukanganisa zvose upenyu panyika. Emergency kwezvakatipoteredza zvipenyu zviri chokuita zvakakomba uye kazhinji kusingarapiki kuchinja zvakatipoteredza:

• abudise nzvimbo, kwazvo kusvibiswa mitemo;
• kuchinja murwiyo dzedenga kwezvakatipoteredza: kare uncharacteristic okunze kunyanyisa, kunyanya kugutsikana nouipi mumhepo, madhorobha smog, zvakawandisa ruzha mitemo "ozone mugomba";
• Zvinetso chokuita kusvibisa hydrosphere, kureva aqueous Zvinoumba panyika ndizvo: unsuitability nokunwa manyuko, abudise, masango, kusunungurwa tsvina mugungwa.

Kusvikira Mumakumi emakore apfuura, matambudziko aya Zvinoda anenge kwete, asi ikozvino, mushure paChernobyl njodzi, shallowing yeGungwa Azov uye zvaioneka kusiyana pamwaka tembiricha mamiriro enyika dzinofanira kudzivirirwa uye njodzi ekudzivirira. MuRussia, mari yakawanda dzinounzwa kuti chinangwa ichi rimwe gore.

Natural akaipisisa

Natural njodzi akaita haana kudaro migumisiro yemabasa evanhu, vakawanda zvakasikwa. Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nguva vanhu zvisina kunanga munyaya panowanikwa njodzi siyana.

Kupatsanura rwokuzvarwa njodzi zvinopa zvinotevera Categories:

• Kudengenyeka kana kuputika kwemakomo.
• Fani anokonzerwa Geological urongwa: Madhaka, mudslides, sandstorms, kukurwa kwevhu, Madhaka, etc ...
• Kupatsanura rwokuzvarwa njodzi anosanganisirawo Meteorological matambudziko: madutu, washington, chimvuramabwe, rinorema mvura, chando, chando, sinou, snowstorm, kupisa, nzara.
• Marine ngozi: mafashamo, tsunami, madutu, kumanikidzwa kana kuparadzana echando, uye zvichingodaro ..
• Hydrological mananara: kukwidza padanho mvura, motokari kuzara.
• Moto womusango.

Emergency zvoutachiona munzvimbo mavambo anoshandawo kune dzinongoitika sezvo chikonzero zvirwere akatambanudza vanhu, mhuka uye zvokurima zvinomera. Nokuti muchikwata ichi, zvinotevera tsanangudzo anoshanda: panowanikwa pachoto nzvimbo chirwere, vapenyu utachiona, denda, epizootic uye epifitotichesky muitiro.

zvikonzero

Nokuti mumwe chimbichimbi dzinounzwa ayo matsime dambudziko. Saka, nokuti njodzi zvipenyu chimiro ichi zvirwere zvinotapukira. Ivo anokonzerwa kupinda muviri womutorwa zvipenyu, makatumidzwa utachiona.

1. Vanhu, mhuka uye zvinomera inoparadza chaikonzerwa noutachiona. Gumi okupedzisira ezana raiva guru-pamwero kupararira chikosoro dzakasiyana siyana, uye mumwe gore utachiona mutates uye zvinoenderana kune zvinodhaka. Uyezve, ichi zvinosanganisira chiropa, huku pox, uye pakati zvirwere mhuka - netsoka uye muromo chirwere uye glanders.
2. Akatevera chikonzero amburenzi yomuzvarirwo mhando - noutachiona (meningococcal, enteritis, manyoka). Development wemishonga mumakumi emakore achangopfuura kwakaita kuti vasanyanye padanho utachiona utachiona uhwu mhando. Nokuda kukura inorwisa mabhakitiriya, kukurudzira kudzivirira uye hanya zvinokonzerwa noutachiona haisi chaityisa zvokuti kune vanhu.

Disaster Kutarisira kunotsamira kuziva zvinokonzera moto. Of chirwere - Maitikiro acho zvinoitika ari oga muviri; chifo - kana utachiona rinopfuura kubva muviri mumwe.

The vachiparadzira zvazvingava

Zvichienderana rwakadini kuparadza uye njodzi vawirwa zvinogona Classified sezvinotevera:

1. omunharaunda tsika yedambudziko, njodzi kana kana hosha haina kupararira zvinopfuura nzvimbo diki, nhamba yevanhu hakuna kupfuura gumi vanhu uye kukuvara zvinhu haana kupfuura chimwe namazana.
2. Municipal - PC riri munzvimbo takaparadzana yeUnited dunhu kana guta sei asingasviki makumi mashanu vanhu, uye kukuvadza mukati rubles mamiriyoni mashanu.
3. Intermunicipal apo njodzi yacho yave rakawedzerwa maviri pedyo chinhu, kungava musha kana guta.
4. Regional kukosha yokukurumidzira inova, kana dambudziko asingadi kuenda mhiri munharaunda iyi.
5. Inter-emunharaunda.
6. Federal, umo nhamba yevanhu vanhu vanopfuura mazana mashanu, uye kupararira nzvimbo chinofukidza kumatunhu anopfuura maviri.

Migumisiro yenjodzi ezvinhu zvipenyu zvazvinoita inowanzopiwa kuraswa nenzira imwe nharaunda yoga. Mune zvisingawanzoitiki zviitiko apo zvirwere uchambundikira vazhinji rinogona kunzi njodzi pamwero wenyika.

kugova nzira

• Intestinal noutachiona. Zvingaitika kana kudyiwa yakasviba zvokudya uye mvura, kushandiswa chete ndiro.
• kufema turakiti noutachiona. Mhaka utachiona inova zvakananga nevanhu munhu anorwara.
• HweHIV kuburikidza rwokunze ganda. Zviri nokuda kwezvinhu ikaruma, mhuka, nemakonzo, mites, panguva ronda zvimedu dzine nemavhairasi utachiona.

A vakaparadzana dambudziko iri chinouraya chirwere rakapararira panguva yokurwisana. Pasinei kurambidzwa pamusoro kushandiswa kwezvombo zvinoparadza kudaro, utachiona hunhu yedambudziko inomuka nenguva mune dzimwe inopisa makwapa zvenyika.

Makuriro Danho

Environmental, dzinongoitika uye murume-akaita njodzi vari dzinenge nguva dzose mumuitiro, zvinosanganisira zvinotevera maitikiro:

1. Generation rwakazara, kuunganidza abnormalities ane kwacho, panowanikwa mamiriro ezvinhu uye prerequisites kuti chitarisiko nedambudziko. Zvichienderana kwakabva kuyaruka zvinogona kwemaminitsi, maawa, makore uye emakore. Mienzaniso: moto njodzi mumasango, simba kutapata, kushayikwa kudzora epidemiological ezvinhu munharaunda, uye zvichingodaro ..
2. Kutanga nedambudziko. Stage makavigwa mharuro kwacho kunoitika. Kazhinji njodzi nevanhu ndicho chinhu dzevanhu chaivo - yekutapurira muviri.
3. Mugumo kwacho pachayo kuchiitiko nemafashamo. Pane vaifanira rwakashata kukanganisa vanhu (somuenzaniso, kuparadzirwa yokuSpain utachiona).
4. Danho wechina, kuora nguva, apo anokosha mabasa zvinopedzwa migumisiro yedambudziko, kana zvinokonzerwa vavariro zvikonzero.

Liquidation kunotangira pachikuva rechitatu uye, zvichienderana nemhando yokukurumidzira, zvingatora mwedzi, makore kana kuti makumi emakore. Kunyanya kuoma zvakadaro kune chaivo akaipisisa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinotora makore kutanga, bvunzo uye kushandisa mishonga inodiwa.

Murayiro kubviswa

Emergency yomuzvarirwo hunhu vari ngozi nekuti zvirwere kupararira nokukurumidza uye kwete kutora nenguva chiito kunogona kukuvadza chaizvo utano hwevanhu, kusvikira pakufa. Saka, purogiramu inokosha kuita kuti zvibviswe mumwe vatatu tsamba nedanho kupararira chirwere yambokurukurwa:

1. Impact pamusoro kunobva chirwere chacho disinfection.
2. Kuwana uye misodzi nzira chirwere hutachiwana.
3. Kugadzirwa unyanzvi kuvandudza kutapata kune zvirwere.

Kana wakaita zvakanaka, nezviyero izvi zvinobatsira kuti localization ari chirwere yatanga, uye ipapo vakaita liquidation pakati nezvemigumisiro zvashata ezvinhu.

zvinogoneka zvabuda

Nemavhairasi uye Mabhakitiriya kupinda muviri, uye pakarepo kutanga vanoshingaira kuwanda, zvichikonzera chinokosha kukuvara utano. gore rimwe nerimwe munyika, zviuru zvevanhu vanofa yematambudziko anokonzerwa yokuSpain utachiona, kana kubva zvinoparadza nemigumisiro nehepatitis nezvimwe kwemabhakitiriya zvirwere nhengo dzomukati.

Chikonzero inogona chero kurongerwa. Pets uye purazi zvinomera tiri pachena zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, uye, akavapindurawo, kunogonawo kuva rine chirwere. Vezvenhau kazhinji rinowanika ruzivo pamusoro renguruve kana shiri dzihwa, dzikavauraya kana nechisimba akaponda hombe nhamba nemhuka, uye indasitiri kutambura chinokosha kukuvara.

Matanho kudzivisa njodzi

Kudzivirira dzenjodzi ine chaizvo ayo, zvikuru pakuti kukura utano munyika, Kuwanikwa mapurogiramu hurumende. MuRussia, nokuti hasha okunze pane dambudziko kupararira yokuSpain utachiona nerimwe gore, kunyanya pakati pavana.

Nzira yakanakisisa kudzivirira kupararira kana kuti chirwere chakaita usingashandi kukuvadzwa, - kushingaira ekudzivirira. Kana mishonga yedu rega kubatsira, unofanira kutevera mitemo yokuzvibata dzawirwa.

Zvichienderana nezvezvakaitwa kurwisa chirwere uye chirwere papi yokuita vari zvinotevera nzira yokudzivisa matenda kana pandemics:

• Matanho. Vari kuramba kuitwa, kunyange tisina chirwere. Manjemanje kuitwa kubaya pamusoro yokuSpain kuRussia, akaita kwakapararira ngavasununguke, vanachiremba vanokurudzira varwere kurega kushanyira zviitiko ane vazhinji uye kuchengeta zvakanaka utsanana.
• Anti-chifo mabasa ichiitwa panguva vakawanda noutachiona yokukurumidzira imwe nharaunda.

Kutaura yezvakaita zviyero zvinodiwa Implementation vose masangano uye zvivako, apo mutoro pachavo utano hwavo munhu wose anotakura pachake.

Mienzaniso muRussia

A zana apfuura, nyore dzihwa anogona kutakura mune imwe nguva muupenyu zvevanhu, asi nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa immunomodulating uye zvinodhaka antiviral uye kudzivirira matanho ekudzivirira njodzi yava zvikuru rikurumidze. Asi nhasi nyika yedu iri Cold nguva yakatarisa dambudziko iri hurumende yakati sandara, rimwe gore tusingaoneki mutate uye zvinoenderana zvinodhaka, saka vanachiremba vanofanira kutsvaka zvitsva zvingaitwa.

Kuwedzera Ushumiri Health, kuti liquidation migumisiro zvipenyu hunhu yedambudziko Russia iri riitwe chivakwa akadai Emergency mushonga. Sangano iri harisi chete richiona zvirwere munyika, unobereka kudzora liquidation migumisiro vakawanda zvirwere, asi kunosimudzirawo voruzhinji mitemo yomufambiro panguva yenjodzi ezvinhu, Zvaifungidzirwa uye anovandudza nzira itsva nezvinetso zvoutachiona.

Panguva ino zvikuru ngozi zvinotapukira - ichi denda, korera, HIV, yellow fever, nemavhairasi chiropa A, manyoka, fivha uye yokuSpain.