Endopterygota: mienzaniso Table

Full uye haasaruri Kushandurwa Tupukanana anosarudza musiyano iri kukura kwavo uye inoshanda. Kunyanya nezvezvitadzo kugadzirwa uye kuchinjira kumamiriro nematambudziko ezvinhu. Endopterygota ichakurukurwa munyaya yedu.

General zvechadenga kirasi Tupukanana

Tupukanana ndivo kupfuura kirasi mhando Arthropods. Zvavo zvakasiyana zviri ndiwo Kusiyanisa zvomuviri kupinda musoro, thorax uye dumbu, uyewo kuvapo zvine maoko nemakumbo. Tupukanana vane matanhatu achifamba makumbo uye mumwe peya tunonzwa. On chityu vazhinji vavo dziri mapapiro. Vane mbiri muchirugu machira.

Zvipembenene All vanoonekwa ne kunanga kukura. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vakacherechedza mazana. Asi ayo metamorphosis anogona kuitika nenzira dzakasiyana. Nokuti Somuenzaniso, tupukanana zvizere kutendeutsa dzimwe nguva vakaita pupae. Munguva iyi havasi kufudza inopa nyarara chiitiko rwakashata ezvinhu.

kukwana kutendeuka

Funga huru maitikiro anoumba kwakakwana uye kukwana kusanduka nezvipembenene. Somugumisiro, mune zvose zviitiko pakusangana ose Mazai yacho dukutu. With kukura pamwe kukwana metamorphosis nayo kazhinji afanane mukuru, asi asina mapapiro. dukutu ichi anoidyisa uye inokura. Nokuti rinotaura Hamukwanisi ruoko, Danho iri pamwe molting. Chete pasi ichi kungawedzera kukura kwayo kushanduka kuva mukuru.

Endopterygota rakadeuka larval Danho, asi zvino kurichinja kuva chrysalis. The vamiririri Orthoptera uye Inda muzvikamu vasingadaro. dukutu avo pakarepo achikura kuva munhu mukuru. Mienzaniso zvipembenene vakadai ndivo mhashu Dybok, Chidembo crickets, mhashu, wardrobes, Pediculus humanus.

Kureva kukura zvine kukwana metamorphosis kuburikidza anotevera matanho: zai, dukutu uye mukuru.

zvipembenene kutenderera pamwe kutendeuka zvakakwana

Complete kutendeuka kunosanganisira kukura pupal mazana. Runoshivirira shoma akafanana mukuru. Muna pupae vasina mapapiro uye maziso. Avo nemakumbo zvinogona pfupi kana vasipo. Zvimwe zvipembenene vari kuumbwa pfupi larval nhengo. Somuenzaniso, rimwe fura fura makonye vakaumba makumbo venhema.

Endopterygota Molt kanoverengeka pazuva larval pachikuva. Ipapo pupate. Iyi ndiyo overhaul kutopedza muviri. Panguva iyi, zvipembenene havadyi uye haifambi. Pane zvisizvo kuti chrysalis unoumba yokuwedzera pamusoro pechifukidziro. Chokwadi hachisi. Panguva mumatanho zvose rezvipembenene akafukidza chete cuticle. Development kubva mazana kusvikira pupae uye ipapo vakuru Tupukanana achabatsirwa nguva nenguva molting.

Endopterygota: tafura

Tupukanana dziri kukura kwacho vari pupal Danho, vawanda. Nokuti iyi mhuka havagoni kudya, nenzira iyi kunogona kutsungirira nematambudziko ezvinhu. Somuenzaniso, kungozvifunga dzakawanda overwinter. Groups zvine kutendeuka kwakakwana uye unhu hwavo chikuru vari dzaitaurwa chati.

notupukanana

Zvipembenene ndivo kupfuura dzakawanda boka. Yose zvayo, pane vanenge zviuru 300 marudzi. Vamiririri kuti inogona kuwanika zvose panyika uye mumvura yakachena. Vose vane elytra zvakaoma, kazhinji kupendwa namavara siyana. Yeuka, sezvo kuoneka nechekumashure manyoro kunosiya Colorado mbatatisi kovakuoriainen. ruvara iyi inonzi anonyevera.

Zvipembenene Tidzidze mashizha kana mhuka duku. Saka, ladybugs kudya inda dzemuriwo uye Krasotel - shavishavi nehonye. Development endopterygota, kusanganisira zvipembenene, kunoitika kakawanda mumatanho: zai, dukutu, pupa, vakura Tupukanana - imago. Uye vose kwokunze dzakasiyana zvinhu. Kana mazana Dzakafanana makonye, kuti imago ane zvose hunhu arthropods.

lepidoptera

Endopterygota, mienzaniso atichandosvika funga zvino, muri vamwe yakaisvonaka mhuka. zita ravo kwesayenzi riri chokuita nemamiriro wamapapiro, izvo akafukidzwa pachikero. Asi zvose inoshandiswa kuvati kungozvifunga, izvo rinoshandurwa kuti vechokwadi zvinoreva "okuberekwa, mbuya." Izvi imhaka yekare kudavira kuti mweya yevakafa vagere nezvipembenene izvi.

Mate shwanu shavishavi makonye secrete chaiyo fuma, izvo vanoumba mavara. Rezvipembenene izvi vanobatanidza rwokudzivirira goko - nhumbana kana pupa vasiyana nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana. Filaments silkworm moths, ane urefu inogona kusvika 2 km, rinoshandiswa kugadzirira dzinongoitika tishu.

Hymenoptera

Zvipembenene of hurongwa pamwe metamorphosis kwakakwana zvisingaiti kufungidzira pasina ruzhinji vamiririri Hymenoptera. Kupfuura zvose, ichi Nyuchi uye masvosve. Vanorarama mumapoka makuru, mukati iro zvakajeka basa mitoro. Somuenzaniso, imwe nyuchi nyika ine samambokadzi (dumbu), varume - the drones uye vazhinji kushanda nevanhu.

A zvakafanana mufananidzo anogona kuonekwa svosve zvikomo. Zvipembenene izvi ndivo vashandi varipo. Kuvaka dzimba pacharo, ivo zvakavhenganiswa ivhu, kuwedzera porosity kwayo uye huchiita nazvo Organic zvinhu. Masvosve vanoonekwa kuti vachiri risingaenzaniswi "mhare". Izvi yakasiyana zvipembenene vanokwanisa kusimudza zvakawanda uremu pane avo vanenge ka25. Izvi zvinogoneka anoonga simba zvinoshamisa tsandanyama marwadzo.

Diptera

Kubva sezvakarayirwa Diptera - uyewo endopterygota. Ndivo nyore kucherechedzwa nenzira yo vava kungotaura nezvekudzoka. inzwi iyi yakawanikwa panguva oscillation dzakachinja rwemberi peya mapapiro. Dzinonzi halteres zvipembenene uye zvinopa mwero panguva kutiza.

Kusiyana nezvinofungwa nevakawanda sadza zvokudya Umhutu ndiyo dakunanzva maruva. Asi nhunzvi dzimwe mhuka chaizvoizvo kufura ropa vanhu nemhuka. fuma Izvi zvakakodzera kuti kuumba mazai. Saka Umhutu kutakura zvirwere ngozi, zvakadai semarariya.

Ndivo Zvipembenene ngozi uye nenhunzi. Izvi Hakuna Basa Pakutanga, vanhu vagere yokugara kudya zvokudya. Naizvozvo, mazana avo mune masumbu makemikari nyaya: marara makomba, marara, mhuka akafa. Somugumisiro, rine akawandisa nemavhairasi, mazai honye, spores mabhakitiriya pamusoro pemvura miviri yavo uye zvomudumbu turakiti. Vanobhururuka uye kushatisa chikafu. In kuvashandisa, vanhu vanogona kuva utachiwana nemanyoka, fivha, tiibhii nezvimwe zvirwere ngozi.

inda

mamwe achiri ropa-yakayamwa Zvipembenene zvizere metamorphosis - inda. Somugumisiro, mumwe parasitic nzira youpenyu, vanotoda kuine mapapiro. Ivo kuboora-yakayamwa mouthparts, kuburikidza icho kufura ropa revanhu uye mhuka.

Nhata vane chidukuduku saizi. muviri wavo flattened laterally, kwangopera rinosvika 5 mm. It anowedzera kukura nokuda kukura mudumbu sezvo akazara neropa. Asi nhata mazana uchidzidza makemikari ungwandangwanda. Naizvozvo, vanogona kuwanikwa pasi zvivako dzinogarwa uye burrows that ose nemakonzo.

Nhata vane ngozi zvikuru. Vanotakura nhamba kwemabhakitiriya uye nemavhairasi zvirwere. Izvi zvinosanganisira salmonellosis, tularemia, hepatitis B neC, tick nezvipembenene encephalitis, typhus, denda, myxomatosis.

Saka endopterygota, mienzaniso izvo zvatakurukura munyaya yedu pasi parutivi anotevera anokwana zviyero: zvipembenene, Moths, Nhata, Pereponchato- uye Diptera. The mazana rezvipembenene aya akasiyana chaizvo kubva vakura. Uye havana kuenda azere metamorphosis muviri mukufamba kwokushanduka. With kukura rakazara metamorphosis tumbuyu kuenda kuburikidza nzendo zai, dukutu, pupa uye mukuru Tupukanana - imago.